@ARTICLE{Ge_Haotian_Low-voltage_2021,
 author={Ge, Haotian and Xu, Bingyin and Zhang, Xinhui and Bi, Yongjian},
 volume={vol. 70},
 number={No 4},
 journal={Archives of Electrical Engineering},
 pages={791-800},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2021},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={The topology of low-voltage distribution systems changes with the load or the on/off position of the circuit switch. This will affect power flows, losses, and so on. This paper submits a new method to identify the topology of a low-voltage feeder using the injection high-frequency signal. An inductor can block the high-frequency signal. It can change the propagation direction of the injected high-frequency signal to make it propagate unidirectionally along the low-voltage feeder. By injecting a 5 MHz sinusoidal signal from the upstream direction of the low-voltage feeder, all the line segments and devices on the feeder can be identified. The wavelength of the high-frequency signal is short. The wavelength of the 5 MHz signal is 60 meters. Through the delay of different observation points on the feeder, the length of the line section can be roughly calculated. The highfrequency signal has an obvious reflection on the feeder. Using this feature, we can roughly calculate the length of the line segment. The correctness of the method is demonstrated by MATLAB simulation verification.},
 type={Article},
 title={Low-voltage overhead lines topology identification method based on high-frequency signal injection},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/121560/PDF-MASTER/art04.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/aee.2021.138261},
 keywords={high-frequency signal injection, low-voltage overhead line, topology identification},
}