@ARTICLE{Wierzbicki_Alfred_Marek_John_2021,
 author={Wierzbicki, Alfred Marek},
 number={No 4},
 journal={Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria},
 pages={57-72},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2021},
 publisher={Komitet Nauk Filozoficznych PAN},
 publisher={Wydział Filozofii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego},
 abstract={John Rawls develops and precisely defines the concept of civil disobedience which had emerged from the American tradition of democracy and was already discussed in the 19th century by H.D. Thoreau. It is a part of a theory of ‘justice as fairness’ and it rigidly supports the conditions of resistance to the state employed in the effort to sustain moral order in the practice of democracy. This effort cannot be interpreted as a revolutionary rebellion against the state and law, for it aspires to implement a kind of reform which aims at a restoration of justice whenever it is deeply neglected or violated. In the nub of this theory lies the claim of the importance of the civil conscience as formed by the principles of constitution which reflect the principles of justice without presupposing an extended theory of good. The normative paradigm of ethics, according to which Rawls presents his theory of justice, should be complemented by virtue ethics, argues the author, and points to that the absence of civil virtues manifested deplorably in the present weakness of liberal democracy in the face of the growing pressure from populism.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={John Rawls on the constitutional theory of civil disobedience},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/121742/PDF/2021-04-PFIL-04-Wierzbicki.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/pfns.2021.138974},
 keywords={civil disobedience, Constitution, duty, justice, normative ethics, virtue ethics},
}