@ARTICLE{Soiński_M.S._Initial_2021,
 author={Soiński, M.S. and Jakubus, A. and Borowiecki, B. and Mierzwa, P.},
 volume={vo. 21},
 number={No 4},
 pages={131-136},
 journal={Archives of Foundry Engineering},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2021},
 publisher={The Katowice Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={The purpose of the work was to determine the morphology of graphite that occurs in vermicular cast iron, both in the as-cast state and after heat treatment including austenitization (held at a temperature of 890 °C or 960 °C for 90 or 150 min) and isothermal quenching (i.e. austempering, at a temperature of 290 °C or 390 °C for 90 or 150 min). In this case, the aim here was to investigate whether the heat treatment performed, in addition to the undisputed influence of the cast iron matrix on the formation of austenite and ferrite, also affects the morphology of the vermicular graphite precipitates and to what extent. The investigations were carried out for the specimens cut from test coupons cast in the shape of an inverted U letter (type IIb according to the applicable standard); they were taken from the 25mm thick walls of their test parts. The morphology of graphite precipitates in cast iron was investigated using a Metaplan 2 metallographic microscope and a Quantimet 570 Color image analyzer. The shape factor F was calculated as the quotient of the area of given graphite precipitation and the square of its perimeter. The degree of vermicularization of graphite was determined as the ratio of the sum of the graphite surface and precipitates with F <0.05 to the total area occupied by all the precipitations of the graphite surface. The examinations performed revealed that all the heat-treated samples made of vermicular graphite exhibited the lower degree of vermicularization of the graphite compared to the corresponding samples in the as-cast state (the structure contains a greater fraction of the nodular or nearly nodular precipitates). Heat treatment also caused a reduction in the average size of graphite precipitates, which was about 225μm2 for the as-cast state, and dropped to approximately 170-200 μm2 after the austenitization and austempering processes.},
 type={Article},
 title={Initial Assessment of Graphite Precipitates in Vermicular Cast Iron in the As-Cast State and after Thermal Treatments},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/121978/PDF/AFE%204_2021_20.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/afe.2021.139762},
 keywords={Vermicular cast iron, Graphite precipitates, Austempering},
}