@ARTICLE{Ganji_Mansoor_Factors_2021,
 author={Ganji, Mansoor and Samani, Farzane Safarzade and Sadeghi, Elahe},
 volume={vol. 52},
 number={No 4},
 pages={299-310},
 journal={Polish Psychological Bulletin},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2021},
 publisher={Committee for Psychological Science PAS},
 abstract={This study aimed to measure the hope level of Iranian English-major students and also to find out if their gender, academic degree, years spent in a program, and GPA were associated with their hope level. To reach these aims, the Integrative Hope Scale developed by Sharpe, McElheran, and Whelton (2017) was modified, checked for validity, and piloted. Then, it was distributed among 206 English-major students doing their BA, MA, and PhD in different universities of Iran, chosen through random and snowball sampling. The analysis of the data through non-parametric tests showed that although undergraduate and postgraduate students enjoyed a higher level of hope, there was no significant difference in the students’ hope level based on their academic degree. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between students’ levels of hope, on the one hand, and their GPA and the number of years spent in a program, on the other hand. However, there was a significant difference between male and female students, with males having a higher level of hope.},
 type={Article},
 title={Factors Influencing the Hope Level of Iranian English Major Students},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/122039/PDF/2021-04-PPB-01-Ganji.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ppb.2021.139163},
 keywords={academic hope, agent, English-major, hope, Iranian},
}