@ARTICLE{Akhyar_Hot_2022,
 author={Akhyar},
 volume={vol. 22},
 number={No 2},
 pages={25-49},
 journal={Archives of Foundry Engineering},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2022},
 publisher={The Katowice Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Hot tearing is a casting defect responsible for external and internal cracks on casting products. This irregular undesired formation is often observed during solidification and freezing. The solidification of molten metal also causes thermal contraction and shrinkage, indicating the occurrence of hot tearing when the alloy is restrained by the mould design. The parameters affecting this process include the pouring and mould temperatures, the chemical composition of the alloy, and the mould shape. Also, the factors affecting hot tearing susceptibility include pouring and mould temperatures, the grain refiner, as well as pouring speed. There are many methods of measuring the level of susceptibility to hot tearing, one of which is the thermal contraction evaluation during metal solidification, observed in cast products through several mould types. This paper discusses the hot tearing overview, the effect of pouring temperature, mould temperature, grain refiner, pouring speed on hot tearing, the type of mould, and criterion for hot tear observation.},
 type={Article},
 title={Hot Tearing, Parameters, and Mould Types for Observation – Review},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/123137/PDF/AFE%202_2022_04%20Issue%202_2022.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/afe.2022.140223},
 keywords={Hot tearing susceptibility, Pouring temperature, mould temperature, Grain refiner},
}