@ARTICLE{Popa_R._Monitoring_2022,
 author={Popa, R. and Moga, I.C. and Nealson, K.H. and Cimpoiasu, V.M.},
 volume={vol. 67},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Metallurgy and Materials},
 pages={1037-1041},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2022},
 publisher={Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences},
 publisher={Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Marine sediments with rapid oxic/anoxic transitions are difficult to monitor in real time. Organic overload that may lead to anoxia and buildup of hydrogen sulfide can be caused by a variety of factors such as sewage spills, harbor water stagnation, algal blooms and the vicinity of aquaculture operations. We have tested a novel multiprobe technology (named SPEAR) on marine sediments to evaluate its performance in monitoring sediments and overlaying water. Our results show the ability of the SPEAR probes to distinguish electrochemical changes at 2-3 mm scale and at hourly cycles. SPEAR probes have the ability to identify redox interfaces and redox transition zones in sediments, but do not use micromanipulators (which are cumbersome in field and underwater applications). We propose that the best target habitats for SPEAR-type monitoring are rapidly evolving muddy deposits and sediments near aquaculture operations where pollution with organics stresses the ecosystem.},
 type={Article},
 title={Monitoring the Evolution of Redox Changes in Sediments made Possible by Electrochemical Multilayer Probes},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/124055/PDF/AMM-2022-3-30-Cimpoiasu.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/amm.2022.139699},
 keywords={sensor, sediments, SPEAR, multielectrode, redox interface},
}