@ARTICLE{Gambin_Barbara_Ultrasonic_2022,
 author={Gambin, Barbara and Korczak-Cegielska, Ilona and Secomski, Wojciech and Kruglenko, Eleonora and Nowicki, Andrzej},
 volume={vol. 47},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Acoustics},
 pages={389-397},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2022},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Committee on Acoustics},
 abstract={Kidney Cooling Jacket (KCJ) preserves the kidney graft, wrapped in the jacket, against the too fast time of temperature rise during the operation of connecting a cooled transplant to the patient’s bloodstream. The efficiency of KCJ depends on the stationarity of the fluid flow and its spatial uniformity. In this paper, the fluid velocity field inside the three different KCJ prototypes has been measured using the 20 MHz ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter. The simplified 2D geometrical model of the prototypes has been presented using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the fluid flow assuming the laminar flow model. By comparing the numerical results with experimental data, the simplified 2D model is shown to be accurate enough to predict the flow distribution of the internal fluid velocity field within the KCJ. The discrepancy between the average velocity measured using the 20 MHz Doppler and numerical results was mainly related to the sensitivity of the velocity measurements to a change of the direction of the local fluid flow stream. Flux direction and average velocity were additionally confirmed by using commercial colour Doppler imaging scanner. The current approach showed nearly 90% agreement of the experimental results and numerical simulations. It was important for justifying the use of numerical modelling in designing the baffles distribution (internal walls in the flow space) for obtaining the most spatially uniform field of flow velocity.},
 type={Article},
 title={Ultrasonic Experimental Evaluation of the Numerical Model of the Internal Fluid Flow in the Kidney Cooling Jacket},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/124240/PDF/aoa.2022.142004.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/aoa.2022.142004},
 keywords={multi-canal system, fluid flow prediction, cooling jacket, flow Doppler measurement},
}