@ARTICLE{Fawad_Muhammad_Nonlinear_2022,
 author={Fawad, Muhammad and Koris, Kalman and Salamak, Marek and Gerges, Michael and Bednarski, Lukasz and Sienko, Rafał},
 volume={vol. 68},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Civil Engineering},
 pages={569-584},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2022},
 publisher={WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING and COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES},
 abstract={Monitoring and structural health assessment are the primary requirements for performance evaluation of damaged bridges. This paper highlights the case-study of a damaged Reinforced Concrete (RC) bridge structure by considering the outcomes of destructive testing, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) evaluations, static and 3D non-linear analysis methods. Finite element (FE) modelling of this structure is being done using the material properties extracted by the in-situ testing. Analysis is carried out to evaluate the bridge damage based on the data recorded after the static linear (AXIS VM software) and 3D non-linear analysis (ATENA 3D software). Extensive concrete cracking and high value of crack width are found to be the major problems, leading to lowering the performance of the bridge. As a solution, this paper proposes a proper Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system, that will extend the life cycle of the bridge with minimal repair costs and reduced risk of failure. This system is based on the installation of three different types of sensors: Liquid Levelling sensors (LLS) for measurement of vertical displacement, Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors (DFOS) for crack monitoring, and Weigh in Motion (WIM) devices for monitoring of moving loads on bridge.},
 type={Article},
 title={Nonlinear modelling of a bridge: A case study-based damage evaluation and proposal of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/124535/PDF/art34_corr.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ace.2022.141903},
 keywords={bridges, reinforced concrete, finite element method, non-destructive techniques, structural health monitoring, sensors},
}