@ARTICLE{EL-Garhy_Suzan_M._Intelligent_2022, author={EL-Garhy, Suzan M. and Khalaf, Ashraf A. M. and Aly, Moustafa H. and Abaza, Mohamed}, volume={30}, number={4}, journal={Opto-Electronics Review}, pages={e144260}, howpublished={online}, year={2022}, publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences (under the auspices of the Committee on Electronics and Telecommunication) and Association of Polish Electrical Engineers in cooperation with Military University of Technology}, abstract={Various intelligent transportation systems are proposed in different forms of wireless communication technologies. Recently, the importance of visible light communication and free-space optics has been demonstrated in accomplishing vehicle-to-vehicle and infrastructure-to-vehicle communication systems, due to power efficiency, free licenses, and safety for human health. In this paper, a new hybrid relay system supported by free-space optics/visible light communication with two scenarios is proposed. The first one is that the data are transferred from the source to the relay through a free-space optics communication link and are then directed to the destination through a visible light communication link. The second scenario is that the data are transmitted from the source to the destination passing through two different relays to ensure larger coverage. A 10−6 bit error rate is achieved at a distance of 900 m for the first scenario with a remarkable signal-to-noise ratio of ~25.5 dB, while the largest distance that can be covered by the second scenario is 1200 m with a signal-to-noise ratio of ~30 dB.}, type={Article}, title={Intelligent transportation: a hybrid FSO/VLC-assisted relay system}, URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/125638/PDF/OPELRE_2022_30_4__S_M_El-Garhy.pdf}, doi={10.24425/opelre.2022.144260}, keywords={intelligent transportation systems, nfrastructure-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-vehicle, relay}, }