@ARTICLE{Kwapisiński_P._Control_2023,
 author={Kwapisiński, P. and Wołczyński, W.},
 volume={vol. 23},
 number={No 2},
 journal={Archives of Foundry Engineering},
 pages={91-99},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2023},
 publisher={The Katowice Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={A brief description of the innovative mathematical method for the prediction of CET – localization in solidifying copper and copper alloys’ ingots is presented. The method is to be preceded by the numerical simulation of both temperature field and thermal gradient filed. All typical structural zones were revealed within the copper and copper alloys’ massive ingots or rods manufactured by continuous casting. The role of thermal gradient direction for the single crystal core formation has been enlightened. The definition for the index describing proportion between volume fraction of the columnar structure and volume fraction of the equiaxed structure has been formulated by means of the interpretation of some features of the liquidus isotherm velocity course. An attempt has been undertaken to apply the developed mathematical method for the structural zones prediction in the rods solidifying under industrial conditions. An industrial application has been shown, that is, it was explained why the innovative rods should be assigned to the overhead conductors in the electric tractions.},
 type={Article},
 title={Control of the CET Localization in Continuously Cast Copper and Copper Alloys’ Ingots},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/127288/PDF/AFE%202_2023_13.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/afe.2023.144303},
 keywords={Proportion index for cellular / equiaxed fraction, Liquidus isotherm velocity, Single crystal’s core, Structural zones},
}