@ARTICLE{Piskorski_Jan_M._Frieden_2022/2023,
 author={Piskorski, Jan M.},
 volume={Folge 15},
 journal={Historie. Jahrbuch des Zentrums für Historische Forschung Berlin der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften},
 pages={11-41},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2022/2023},
 publisher={Zentrum für Historische Forschung Berlinder Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaft},
 abstract={The article explores war as a perplexing social phenomenon, one that often appears more enticing to mankind than peace despite the numerous advantages attributed to the latter, as exemplified in the writings of Hesiod. The origins of war remain somewhat enigmatic, but evidence of its existence can be traced back to Paleo-lithic settlements and ancient texts like the Epic of Gilgamesh. After the abandonment of divine laws, we find ourselves in a world see-mingly devoid of rules, witnessing a growing state of anarchy in in-ternational relations, a trend that has intensified since the early 21st century, culminating in Putin’s 2022 attack on Ukraine. Some phi-losophers, such as Umberto Eco, argue that humanity has entered a new era akin to the “Middle Ages” characterized by the resur-gence of private violence and the proliferation of religious and civil wars. Former ceasefires have given way to “cold wars” which, re-grettably, still have the propensity to escalate into “hot wars” as seen in the full-scale war in Ukraine. Furthermore, the current interna-tional landscape is overshadowed by the specter of nuclear deter-rence, where a precarious balance of fear prevails. Additionally, assumptions about the brevity of contemporary wars and the immi-nent return of refugees, which were advocated until very recently, now face reconsideration.},
 type={Article},
 title={Frieden und Krieg},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/130179/01_2023-HIST-PDF-web.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/historie.2023.148128},
 keywords={war, peace, "hot wars", "cold wars", Ukraine conflict, nuclear deterrence, refugee crisis, Western democracy, Chinese harmony},
}