@ARTICLE{Nyka_Maciej_Environmental_2015,
 author={Nyka, Maciej},
 number={No XXXI},
 pages={161-177},
 journal={Prawo Morskie},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2015},
 publisher={Oddział PAN w Gdańsku},
 abstract={Ninety-eight per cent of world ship breaking (ship demolition) today is carried out in India, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan and Turkey. The 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal as well as Dutch, French, Turkish, Indian and British case-law consider decommissioned ships as waste. Due to limited effectiveness of the Basel Convention a new one has been adopted — the 2009 Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships. The Hong Kong Convention will enter into force when three conditions set out in its Article 17 are met; it means at least one leading ship breaking country must ratify it. The European Union is a leading proponent of signature of the Hong Kong Convention. Its ratification by the EU shall be a significant quantitative and political stimulus towards its entry into force. In order to encourage the ratification processes by EU member states, the European Parliament and the Council have adopted Regulation (EU) No 1257/2013 of 20 November 2013 on ship recycling.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Environmental and legal angle on ship breaking (recycling)},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/93372/mainfile.pdf},
}