TY - JOUR N2 - Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an important factor used to measure water pollution. This article reviews recent developments of microbial biosensors with respect to their applications for low BOD estimation. Four main methods to measure BOD using a biosensor are described: microbial fuel cells, optical methods, oxygen electrode based methods and mediator-based methods. Each of them is based on different principles, thus a different approach is required to improve the limit of detection. A proper choice of microorganisms used in the biosensor construction and/or sample pre-treatment processes is also essential to improve the BOD lower detection limit. L1 - http://journals.pan.pl/Content/84793/PDF/12-paper.pdf L2 - http://journals.pan.pl/Content/84793 PY - 2012 IS - No 4 December EP - 637 DO - 10.2478/v10176-012-0053-7 KW - biochemical oxygen demand KW - biosensor KW - wastewater KW - microbial sensor A1 - Malinowska, Elżbieta A1 - Górski, Łukasz A1 - Trzebuniak, Kamil F. PB - Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Chemical and Process Engineering DA - 2012 T1 - Low Bod Determination Methods: The State-of-the-Art SP - 629 UR - http://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/84793 T2 - Chemical and Process Engineering ER -