Nauki Biologiczne i Rolnicze

Journal of Plant Protection Research

Zawartość

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 3

Abstrakt

During field surveys conducted from July to October 2018–2020 in the eastern part of Georgia (Caucasus region), 145 out of 8000 (1.8%) and 147 out of 6600 (2.2%) grapevine plants, respectively, from mother stock/collection fields and commercial vineyards, were found exhibiting typical or suspicious grapevine yellows (GY) symptoms. Most of the symptomatic grapevine plants of Georgian cultivars showed mild symptoms with no berry alterations. Leaf samples from symptomatic plants were analyzed by serological (DAS- -ELISA) and molecular (two previously published protocols of TaqMan triplex real-time PCR, here named Set I and Set II) tools for detecting GY-associated phytoplasmas. The presence of GY phytoplasmas was not detected in any examined grapevines by a serological method. GY phytoplasmas were identified in 22.41% and 6.9% symptomatic plants from mother stock and collection vineyards and in 48.3 and 19.0% symptomatic plants from commercial vineyards by Set I and Set II PCRs, respectively. As expected from previous studies reporting the wide presence of bois noir (BN) in Georgian vineyards, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’(CaPsol) was detected in most phytoplasma-infected plants (47.6%), with the highest infection rate in Chardonnay. Phytoplasmas belonging to taxonomic group 16SrV were detected in 45.6% of the phytoplasma-infected grapevines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of 16SrV phytoplasmas in Georgia and in the Caucasus region. Further molecular typing of 16SrV phytoplasma strains is necessary to determine if such strains are associated with flavescence dorée (FD). The knowledge of typical GY symptoms and the utilization of accurate diagnostic tools are crucial for preventing pathogen spread and producing healthy planting material. Based on the results obtained in this study, the presence of BN and 16SrV phytoplasmas should be monitored in the next years using triplex real-time PCR.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Iveta Megrelishvili
1
Zurab Khidesheli
1
Tinatin Elbakidze
2
Levan Ujmajuridze
3
Fabio Quaglino
4
Nino Maziashvili
1

  1. Integrated Plant Protection Research, Legal Entity of Public Law, Scientific Research Center of Agriculture, Georgia
  2. Plant Pest Diagnostics Department, Legal Entity of Public Law, State Laboratory of Agriculture, Georgia
  3. Legal Entity of Public Law, Scientific Research Center of Agriculture, Georgia
  4. Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Milano, Italy

Abstrakt

Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) was recorded for the first time in Poland, in the city of Warsaw. This Nearctic species of the Flatidae family was introduced into Europe in the late 1970s and has expanded its range ever since. We provide data on the first record as well as briefly characterize the insect in terms of its diagnostic features, biology and potential harm to agriculture and the environment.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Dariusz Świerczewski
1
Andrzej Józef Woźnica
2
Teodor Smulski
3
Adam Stroiński
4

  1. Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University, Częstochowa, Poland
  2. Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
  3. Modlińska 140/11, 05-135 Wieliszew
  4. Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland

Abstrakt

The aim of this study is to find bacterial strains with antagonistic effects against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ( Fol) and Ascochyta sp, which are phytopathogens responsible for fusarium wilt of tomato and ascochyta blight of peas, respectively. One hundred thirty- six bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of tomatoes were screened. Five strains with the largest inhibition zones were selected. These strains were identified by the phenotypic method, later confirmed by sequencing of 16S rDNA. All strains belonged to the genus Bacillus spp. Their inhibition capacity was evaluated by the direct method by doing a dual culture, the inhibition rates ranged from 44.32 ± 0.8 to 61.36 ± 0.2 against Fol and 62.04 ± 0.8 to 74.1 ± 0.2% against Ascochyta sp. They were then evaluated by the indirect method by evaluating, on one hand, the antifungal effect of the volatile compounds produced by the strains and on the other hand, the antifungal effect of the filtrates. The results showed that volatile compounds inhibited plant pathogens’ growth with average inhibition rates of 55% against Fol and 17% against Ascochyta. For filtrates, the average inhibition rates were 33.01% against Fol and 33.74% against Ascochyta sp. Finally, the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) effect of B. halotolerans RFP57 was evaluated. This involved assessing their ability to stimulate the germination of tomato seeds and the growth of their vegetative organs. The results showed significant improvement in treated seedlings compared to controls. All these results show that the strains selected for this study have the potential for use as a biocontrol agent. However, it is clear that further in-depth studies are needed to confirm their true potentiality.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Pelias Rafanomezantsoa
1
Samia Gharbi
2
Noureddine Karkachi
1
Mebrouk Kihal
1

  1. Department of Biology, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
  2. Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Oran Mohamed Boudiaf, Oran, Algeria

Abstrakt

The fumigation toxicity of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maid. & Betche) Cheel. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) essential oil and its major fractions was studied under laboratory conditions against adults of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to protect wheat grains ( Triticum aestivum L.) (Poales: Poaceae) from this global pest that destroys the host plant during storage. By analyzing M. alternifolia essential oil (EO) using GC/MS terpinen-4-ol and γ-terpinene were detected as major components. In the fumigation toxicity, M. alternifolia EO showed the highest toxicity (LC50 = 0.31 μl · l–1 air), followed by terpinen-4-ol (LC 50 = 23.65 μl · l–1 air) and γ-terpinene was the least toxic (LC 50 = 43.55 μl · l–1 air). When tested for their insecticidal activities against S. oryzae in stored wheat, no progeny emerged after 3 months of treatment with M. alternifolia EO at 10 mg · g–1 or with terpinen-4-ol and γ-terpinene for 2 months. However, none of these compounds could protect wheat grain from damage throughout the entire study period (4 months). Interestingly, all tested compounds at the highest application rate did not show any phytotoxic effects after 4 months of storage.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Seham Mansour Ismail
1

  1. Department Insect Population Toxicology, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt

Abstrakt

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are promising as biocontrol agents for the most economically important insect pest attacking a wide range of host plants. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the impact of four artificial diets and one natural food on numbers, weights, and total lipid content of the greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as well as the impact of these diets on the ability of nematode species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae to infect insects and multiply inside an insect host which had been reared on one of five different diets (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5). The correlation between larvae weight and total lipid content, pathogenicity or multiplication of nematodes was also studied. The obtained results indicated that D2, D5 and D3 gave the highest growth or weights of larvae. The larvae produced weighed 3.71, 3.67 and 3.25 g from 50 g media, respectively. Statistically, larvae weights had a positive and significant correlation with the lipid content in larvae where r = 0.732. On the other hand, infective juveniles (IJs) of nematodes produced from insect hosts reared on D2 and D5 revealed more pathogenicity on larvae, since they caused the highest percent of mortality, 53.33 and 50.0% for H. bacteriophora, and 56.67 and 53.33% for S. carpocapsae, respectively. The total lipid content had a positive and highly significant correlation with the pathogenicity of the two nematode species where r = 0.97 and 0.971, respectively. Ultimately, the supplied foods of the artificial diets D2, D3 and natural beeswax (D5) gave the most suitable chance for developing insect growth and increasing the EPN quality and enhancing the potential of EPNs as biological control agents against different insect pests.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mona Ahmed Hussein
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hamdy Abdelnaby Salem
1
Sayed Hala
1
Salah Mahmoud
1

  1. Pests and Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

Abstrakt

Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) is a serious pathogen infecting chrysanthemum worldwide. To improve and enhance the detection procedure, a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was developed. Six LAMP primers were newly designed and tested to determine the optimal conditions using a recombinant plasmid of CSVd as a DNA template. The optimal conditions for colorimetric LAMP were incubation at 65°C for 45 min. Under these conditions, a ladder-like pattern of LAMP products was detected along with a change of color from pink to yellow in the positive reactions. Limits of the detection (LOD) of colorimetric LAMP were up to 1 fg ∙ μl–1 of plasmid DNA concentration which was 104 times greater than that of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The developed colorimetric LAMP was not cross reacted to other viruses and viroids. From detection of actual samples and chrysanthemum plantlets which were obtained from meristem tip culture, the colorimetric LAMP showed effective potential in detecting CSVd. Therefore, the colorimetric LAMP can be used as a main technique to detect CSVd and ensure CSVd-free chrysanthemum plantlet production due to its accuracy, rapidness and sensitivity.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Salit Supakitthanakorn
1
Kanjana Vichittragoontavorn
2
Kaewalin Kunasakdakul
1
On-Uma Ruangwong
1

  1. Division of Plant Pathology, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
  2. Plant Protection Center, Royal Project Foundation, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Abstrakt

The paper describes the impact of two different plant protection products on silkworm ( Bombyx mori L.) development. These products are commonly used in agrotechnical treatments and are officially allowed to use in ecological agriculture. They are also fungicides, which suggests lower negative impact on other groups of organisms. The two used products were Biosept Active Spray (grapefruit extract) and Miedzian 350 SC (copper oxychloride) which were sprayed on mulberry leaves used to feed silkworms from the beginning of the 4th instar. As to measure the level of impact, the mortality of larvae (percentage of dead specimens) and cocoon shell ratio (percentage of shell weight in whole cocoon) were checked. The highest mortality was recorded in the group treated with 0,7% Miedzian solution (92,5%) as well as the lowest shell ratio (12,06) comparing to the control group (mortality 7,5% and shell ratio 17,43). In the Biosept group, no significant mortality was recorded (comparing to the control group) but mean shell ratio showed a significant decrease in the cocoon quality. The study shows that one of the pesticides is highly effective against a non-target organism.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Daniel Fajfer
1
Małgorzata Łochyńska
1

  1. Department of Silkworms Breeding and Mulberry Cultivation, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants – National Research Institute, Poland

Abstrakt

All plants contain varying levels of phenolic acids (metabolites) thus playing an important role in resistance mechanisms as constituents of cell walls, as constitutive antimicrobial compounds of plants or induced in response to infection against many diseases, in particular fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium species. To this end, the objective of this research was to study the variation in phenolic acid composition during the kinetics of filling wheat grains, in order to determine the best variety resistant to fusarium head blight. For this purpose, free and bound phenolic analyses were carried out by HPLC-DAD on five durum wheat varieties at the stage 5 to 8 days after the flowering stage (early grains). We showed that at the level of the samples analyzed, several phenolic acids were present at different concentrations, but others were absent [ cis-ferulic acid (free phenolic acid), and sinapic acid (bound phenolic acid)]. The results also showed that the content of bound phenolic acids was much higher than that of free phenolic acids in all varieties. In addition, these phenolic acids existed in free soluble form or were mostly present in insoluble form bound to cell walls. For free acids, the results showed that significant amounts of transferulic acid were detected in comparison to all free phenolic acids (56.72 μg · g –1 DM for G10). For bound acids, ferulic acid is the main bound phenolic acid which has much higher levels (4913.92 μg · g –1 DM for G1), followed by p-coumaric acid (3098.99 μg · g–1 DM for G1). Moreover, the sum of monomers (bound acids) was much higher than that of dehydrodiferulic acids (DiFA).
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Salah Hadjout
1 2
Mohamed Zouidi
1
Saïfi Merdas
1

  1. Centre de Recherche en Aménagement du Territoire, CRAT, Campus Universitaire Zouaghi Slimane, Constantine, Algérie
  2. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, ENSA, El-Harrach, Alger, Algérie

Abstrakt

The complete genome sequence of tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPlV), that infects a papaya ( Carica papaya) plant, was determined. The virus genome was composed of 2,756 and 2,719 nucleotides (nt) in length, encoding all proteins required for replication, encapsidation and movement with the genome features typical of a bipartite begomovirus. Pairwise identity, derived using the Sequence Demarcation Tool (SDT), identified that the virus DNA A and DNA B shared maximum sequence identity 98–99% corresponding to the DNA A of ToLCPlV ([IR: Jir-T65X:08] JF501720) and 96–98% to the cognate partner DNA B of ToLCPlV ([IR: Jir1:T55P:07] FJ660423), respectively. The evolutionary relation using phylogenetic dendrograms of DNA A and DNA B genome components were clustered with ToLCPlV genomes of DNA A and DNA B of Iranian isolates. This study provides the first evidence of a bipartite ToLCPlV infecting papaya in the Sultanate of Oman and also indicates the requirement for more surveillance of this virus in Oman, as ToLCPlV is a major threat to tomato and other vegetable crops in South Asia (India and Pakistan) and in Iran.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Muhammad Shafiq Shahid
1
Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
1

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Oman

Abstrakt

Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) is a serious and widespread virus pathogen of maize plants. This +ssRNA virus belongs to the Potyvirus genus in the Potyviridae family. Together with sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) it causes one of the most important viral diseases on maize crops in the world – maize dwarf mosaic. Both viruses are transmitted in the same non-persistent manner by several aphid species. They induce similar symptoms of leaf mosaic or mottling, stunting and a reduction in plant weight and grain yield. Available MDMV diagnostics include primarily commercialized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). Here, laborsaving reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was optimized for identification of genetically different MDMV isolates. For this purpose, primer sets, MDMVF3/MDMVB3 and MDMVFIP/MDMVBIP amplifying fragments of coat protein coding sequence of MDMV, were used. The specificity of the reaction was verified using three MDMV (-P1, -Sp, -PV0802-DSMZ) and three SCMV (-P1, -PV0368- -DSMZ, -PV1207-DSMZ) isolates. Obtained products were visualised by DNA staining, electrophoretic separation as well as by real-time monitoring of the reaction. The sensitivity of RT-LAMP and conventional RT-PCR reactions was comparable. Both methods could detect virus as low as 550 fg · μl–1 of total RNA. This technique has application value for screening MDMV by phytosanitary services.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Katarzyna Trzmiel
1
ORCID: ORCID
Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland

Instrukcja dla autorów

Instructions for Authors

Manuscripts published in JPPR are free of charge. Only colour figures and photos are payed 61.5 € per one colour page JPPR publishes original research papers, short communications, critical reviews, and book reviews covering all areas of modern plant protection. Subjects include phytopathological virology, bacteriology, mycology and applied nematology and entomology as well as topics on protecting crop plants and stocks of crop products against diseases, viruses, weeds, etc. Submitted manuscripts should provide new facts or confirmatory data. All manuscripts should be written in high-quality English. Non-English native authors should seek appropriate help from English-writing professionals before submission. The manuscript should be submitted only via the JPPR Editorial System (http://www.editorialsystem.com/jppr). The authors must also remember to upload a scan of a completed License to Publish (point 4 and a handwritten signature are of particular importance). ALP form is available at the Editorial System. The day the manuscript reaches the editors for the first time is given upon publication as the date ‘received’ and the day the version, corrected by the authors is accepted by the reviewers, is given as the date ‘revised’. All papers are available free of charge at the Journal’s webpage (www.plantprotection.pl). However, colour figures and photos cost 61.5 € per one colour page.

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All text should be written in a concise and integrated way, by focusing on major points, findings, breakthrough or discoveries, and their broad significance. All running text should be in Times New Roman 12, 1.5 spacing with all margins 2.5 cm on all sides.

Original article

The original research articles should contain the following sections: Title – the title should be unambiguous, understandable to specialists in other fields, and must reflect the contents of the paper. No abbreviations may be used in the title. Name(s) of author(s) with affiliations footnoted added only to the system, not visible in the manuscript (Double Blind Reviews). The names of the authors should be given in the following order: first name, second name initial, surname. Affiliations should contain: name of institution, faculty, department, street, city with zip code, and country. Abstract – information given in the title does not need to be repeated in the abstract. The abstract should be no longer than 300 words. It must contain the aim of the study, methods, results and conclusions. If used, abbreviations should be limited and must be explained when first used. Keywords – a maximum of 6, should cover the most specific terms found in the paper. They should describe the subject and results and must differ from words used in the title. Introduction – a brief review of relevant research (with references to the most important and recent publications) should lead to the clear formulation of the working hypothesis and aim of the study. It is recommended to indicate what is novel and important in the study. Materials and Methods – in this section the description of experimental procedures should be sufficient to allow replication. Organisms must be identified by scientific name, including authors. The International System of Units (SI) and their abbreviations should be used. Methods of statistical processing, including the software used, should also be listed in this section. Results – should be presented clearly and concisely without deducting and theori sing. Graphs should be preferred over tables to express quantitative data. Discussion – should contain an interpretation of the results ( without unnecessary repetition) and explain the influence of experimental factors or methods. It should describe how the results and their interpretation relate to the scientific hypothesis and/or aim of the study. The discussion should take into account the current state of knowledge and up-to-date literature. It should highlight the significance and novelty of the paper. It may also point to the next steps that will lead to a better understanding of the matters in question. Acknowledgements – of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section before the reference list. The names of funding organizations should be written in full. References In the text, papers with more than two authors should be cited by the last name of the first author, followed by et al. (et al. in italics), a space, and the year of publication (example: Smith et al. 2012). If the cited manuscript has two authors, the citation should include both last names, a space, and the publication year (example: Marconi and Johnston 2006). In the Reference section, a maximum of ten authors of the cited paper may be given. All references cited in the text must be listed in the Reference section alphabetically by the last names of the author(s) and then chronologically. The year of publication follows the authors’ names. All titles of the cited articles should be given in English. Please limit the citation of papers published in languages other than English. If necessary translate the title into English and provide information concerning the original language in brackets (e.g. in Spanish). The list of references should only include works from the last ten years that have had the greatest impact on the subject. Older references can be cited only if they are important for manuscript content. The full name of periodicals should be given. If possible, the DOI number should be added at the end of each reference. The following system for arranging references should be used: Journal articles Jorjani M., Heydari A., Zamanizadeh H.R., Rezaee S., Naraghi L., Zamzami P. 2012. Controlling sugar beet mortality disease by application of new bioformulations. Journal of Plant Protection Research 52 (3): 303-307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10045-012-0049-9 Online articles Turner E., Jacobson D.J., Taylor J.W. 2011. Genetic architecture of a reinforced, postmating, reproductive isolation barrier between Neurospora species indicates evolution via natural selection. PLoS Genetics 7 (8): e1002204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002204 Books Bancrof J.D., Stevens A. 1996. Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. 4th ed. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, UK, 776 pp. Book chapters Pradhan S.K. 2000. Integrated pest management. p. 463-469. In: "IPM System in Agriculture. Cash Crop" (R.K. Upadhyaya, K.G. Mukerji, O.P. Dubey, eds.). Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India, 710 pp. Online documents Cartwright J. 2007. Big stars have weather too. IOP Publishing PhysicsWeb. Available on: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002204

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Rapid communications should present brief observations which do not warrant the length of a full paper. However, they must present completed studies and follow the same scientific standards as original articles. Rapid communications should contain the following sections: Title Abstract - less than 300 words Key words - maximum 6 Text body Acknowledgements References The length of such submissions is limited to 1500 words for the text, one table, and one figure.

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Review articles are invited by the editors.Unsolicited reviews are also considered. The length is limited to 5000 words with no limitations on figures and tables and a maximum of 150 references. Mini-Review articles should be dedicated to "hot" topics and limited to 3000 words and a maximum two figures, two tables and 20 references.

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