Nauki Biologiczne i Rolnicze

Journal of Water and Land Development

Zawartość

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 50

Abstrakt

This research examines the relationship between urban planning and environmental conditions. As urb-anisation processes increase the density of the built-up tissue of cities, this process puts a lot of pressure on land and natural resources such as rivers and soil. This article aims to verify whether environmental risks (e.g. flooding) and land protection from them is sufficiently addressed in the examined spatial policies and strategies.
This problem can be observed in the Powiśle district of Warsaw where buildings are constructed in the proximity of the unregulated Vistula River and that is why there is the direct risk of flooding. It is done despite the lack of legally binding Master plans which would consider the natural risk.
The literature research on the Municipality-led spatial planning policies and documents was completed with qualitative interviews with key actors in this process (planners: the authors of Master plans under construction, regarding the area of Powiśle South and North). Main designers and team members were asked about the priorities of these plans as well as their dynamics (taking more than ten years to establish those plans).
An environmental analysis was conducted in the GIS mapping system of many databases. The comparison of both aspects of current development, formal urban planning and environmental protection was made in an interdisciplinary approach. The study presents an analysis of the situation for urban planning along with flood maps and other environmental conditions. The results show the lack of necessary alignment of environmental issues with the planning documentation and strategies.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Joanna Koszewska
1 2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Kuzak
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Sorbonne Université – Faculté des Lettres, Ecole Doctorale de la Géographie de Paris, Institut de Géographie, 191, Saint Jacques, 75005, Paris, France
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Warszawa, Poland
  3. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Plac Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland

Abstrakt

Water and wind erosion are the most powerful factors in the decrease of soil fertility and a threat to food security. The study was conducted on the steppe zone in Ukraine (total area of 167.4 thous. km2), including agricultural land (131.6 thous. km2). At the first stage, the modeling of spatial differentiation of water and wind erosion manifestations was carried out to calculate losses of soil (Mg·ha–1) and to determine their degradation. At the second stage, soil-climatic bonitet of zonal soils (points) is carried out to determine their natural fertility (Mg·ha–1). At the third stage, the spatial adjustment of the natural soil fertility to the negative effect of erosion was carried out. This made it possible to calculate crop losses and total financial losses due to water and wind erosion. The integrated spatial modeling showed that about 68.7% of arable land was constantly affected by the combined erosion, in particular the area of low eroded arable land (16.8%), and medium and highly eroded land (22.1%). Due to erodibility of soil, about 23.3% of agricultural land transferred from the category of high and medium quality to medium, low and very low quality, which is caused by the loss of soil fertility of up to 70%, crop losses of up to 1.93 Mg·ha–1 ha–1 and eduction of agricultural income up to 390 USD·ha–1. In the steppe region under the research, gross crop losses from erosion were up to 15.11 thous. Mg·ha–1 (3.05 mln USD). In order to protect soils, improve fertility and increase crop yields in the steppe zone in Ukraine, the following measures were suggested: adaptive and landscape erosion control design with elements of conservation farming in accordance with the spatial differentiation of soil quality and extent of water erosion deflation danger.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Nataliia Dudiak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vitalii Pichura
1
ORCID: ORCID
Larisa Potravka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Natalia Stratichuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University, Faculty of Fisheries and Nature Management, Stritens'ka str. 23, Kherson, 73006, Ukraine

Abstrakt

The springs of the Taoura region flow from a syncline shaped structure. All resources in the region were mobilized as a result of increased demand. However, the development of anthropic activities and population growth in the area pose risk for groundwater. Analytical results obtained from a series of samplings in November 2017–April 2018, express the quality of water suitable for the irrigation of agricultural land. The highest values are recorded in April 2018 at 20.5 to 21.6°C and pH of 8.0 to 8.2. The study recorded high electrical conductivity from 1390 to 1495 μS·cm–1 and TDS from 1270 to 1500 mg·dm–3 in November 2017, which shows important mineralization that characterizes spring water. Physical parameters were measured in situ using a HORIBA multi-parameter probe. Chemical analyses were carried out using NFT 90-005 titration, and nitrogen parameters by DIN 38405-D92 spectrophotometry. Maximum levels of nitrates and phosphates were recorded at 228 and 18.4 mg·dm–3 respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a good correlation of the November 2017 period with mineralization parameters. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between the wet period and pollution factors. The two methods of analysis has allowed to distinguish three groups of geochemical water types: a bicarbonate calcium group typical for waters having transited in carbonate horizons. A second chloride calcium group shows basic exchange between water and clay levels, and the third chloride bicarbonate calcium group reveals an enrichment in calcium and chloride, which reflects water circulation with an exchange of the carbonated and evaporitic sedimentary rock matrix.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Fatma Bouhafs
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdelaziz Laraba
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, Department of Geology, Geological Researches Laboratory, 17 Hassen Chaouche, Annaba, 23000, Algeria

Abstrakt

Over the past two decades, artificial neural networks (ANN) have exhibited a significant progress in predicting and modeling non-linear hydrological applications, such as the rainfall-runoff process which can provide useful contribution to water resources planning and management. This research aims to test the practicability of using ANNs with various input configurations to model the rainfall-runoff relationship in the Seybouse basin located in a semi-arid region in Algeria. Initially, the ANNs were developed for six sub-basins, and then for the complete watershed, considering four different input configurations. The 1st (ANN IP) considers only precipitation as an input variable for the daily flow simulation. The 2nd (ANN II) considers the 2nd variable in the model input with precipitation; it is one of the meteorological parameters (evapotranspiration, temperature, humidity, or wind speed). The third (ANN IIIP,T,HUM) considers a combination of temperature, humidity, and precipitation. The last (ANN VP,ET,T,HUM,Vw) consists in collating different meteorological parameters with precipitation as an input variable. ANN models are made for the whole basin with the same configurations as specified above. Better flow simulations were provided by (ANN IIP,T) and (ANN IIP,Vw) for the two stations of Medjez-Amar II and Bordj-Sabath, respectively. However, the (ANN VP,ET,T,HUM,Vw)’s application for the other stations and also for the entire basin reflects a strategy for the flow simulation and shows enhancement in the prediction accuracy over the other models studied. This has shown and confirmed that the more input variables, as more efficient the ANN model is.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yamina Aoulmi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nadir Marouf
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed Amireche
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Larbi-Ben-M’hidi, Faculty of Sciences and Applied Sciences, Department of Hydraulic, Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, PO Box 358, 04000 Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria

Abstrakt

Land use land cover change (LULC) has become part of the global science agenda and the understanding of LULC change is vital for planning sustainable management of natural resources. The study has employed multi- temporal satellite imagery to examine the LULC change in the Abbottabad District from 1989 to 2019. Images from Landsat-5, Landsat-7, and Landsat-8 Thematic Mapper (TM) for the same season were acquired from the USGS for the years of 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019. The images were pre-processed by atmospheric correction, extraction of the study area and band composite. The supervised image classification using Maximum Likelihood Classifier and accuracy assessment were applied to prepare LULC maps of the Abbottabad District. In the last three decades, the study area witnessed number of changes in the pattern of LULC due to population growth, rapid urbanization and increased development of infrastructure, which cumulatively led to the emergence of new patterns being employed for land use. Results of the analysis involving the classified maps show that agricultural land and bare land have decreased, respectively 15.73% and 3.81%, whereas water resources have decreased significantly by 0.58%. This study reveals that GIS can be used as an informative tool to detect LULC changes. However, for planning and management, as well as to gain better insight into the human dynamics of environmental variations on the regional scale, it is crucial to have information about temporal LULC transformation patterns in the study area.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Zartashia Anwar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Arif Alam
1
ORCID: ORCID
Noor Elahi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Department of Development Studies, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 22060, Pakistan

Abstrakt

This paper aims to analyse the flood discharge based on the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH), using the Soil Conservation Service method (SCS), the SUH of Nakayasu method, and the SUH of Gama I method. Modelling formed the basis of the research conducted on the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia. The embankment construction on the Dengkeng–Pusur Section was designed as a method of flood control in 1988. The problem was that around its location are densely populated cities, industrial areas, and agricultural areas. In order to measure the risk of embankment failure and water structure planning in general, it is necessary to analyse the maximum flood discharge. There are several methods for analysing maximum flood discharge, so finding a suitable method is essential due to the lack of measuring tools to calculate flood discharge in some areas. The calculation is compared with the observation data at the Serenan AWLR station, which is in the Dengkeng–Pusur section. The observation rainfall data was covered a 20 year period (1999–2018). According to the method used, the analysis is based on series data on four rainfall stations, the watershed characteristics, and other parameters. Furthermore, the maximum flood discharge from the calculation is compared with the observational data at the Serenan station. The result shows that the best SUH is Gama I method compared to the observation maximum flood discharge in AWLR Serenan Station, with an 8.0% error. The other method, the SUH Nakayasu method with a 16.6% error, and the SUH SCS method with a 39.5% error.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Nova D. Sirait
1
Sobriyah
1
Rintis Hadiani
1
Cahyono Ikhsan
1

  1. Sebelas Maret University, Faculty of Engineering, Ir. Sutami Street 36A, Solo, 57126, Center of Java, Indonesia

Abstrakt

Biochar was prepared from corn ( Zea mays) stalks and impregnated with sulfuric acid. The biomass was impregnated for 24 h with a 50% solution of H2SO4 with impregnation ratios 1:2 (B 1:2) and 1:3 p/v (B 1:3); then, it was carbonized in a muffle furnace at 520°C for 30 min with a 10°C per min ramp. The adsorption capacity to remove anions (nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate) in an aqueous solution was evaluated by varying the temperature. The adsorption mechanism was studied by determining the thermodynamic parameters: Gibbs free energy (ΔGº), enthalpy (ΔHº) and entropy (ΔSº) standard. The biochars were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis and were found to exhibit a heterogeneous surface and porous nature, with C, O, S, and Si. The experiments in the batch system showed the best performance of B 1: 2 in the removal of the three anions occurred at 303 K, while B 1: 3 had the best performance at 298 K. From the thermodynamic parameters, it was found that the removal processes are endothermic, their mechanism is by chemisorption. It is concluded that synthesized biochar is an excellent alternative to removing nutrient anions present in the solution.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ángel Villabona-Ortiz
1
Candelaria Tejada-Tovar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rodrigo Ortega-Toro
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universidad de Cartagena, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
  2. Universidad de Cartagena, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Avenida Del Consulado 48-152, Cartagena 130014, Colombia

Abstrakt

The accumulation of moisture from autumn and winter precipitation in poorly draining soil for plants in arid conditions during the initial stage of the vegetation period in the northern region of Kazakhstan was a severe production problem. Research methods included theoretical and experimental studies. In theoretical studies, the area of the treated surface by a chain harrow is determined. Then, the design of an improved harrow is proposed, including how the tooth chain tillage tools are positioned. Either as a “single action disc harrow” type with mounting four teeth on each chain link, or as a serial harrow with the tooth chain tillage tools located in a “diamond-shaped” double-action scheme with two teeth on each chain link. Experimental studies show that an improved harrow steadily performs the early spring harrowing process with a quality that meets normative requirements. In doing, so the working capacity is 4–5% higher than a serial harrow with a 4–5% lower fuel consumption. Furthermore, it is revealed that the early spring soil harrowing performed by tooth chain harrows allows the loss of productive moisture in the spring pre-sowing period by 1.8–1.9 times to be reduced compared to the untreated background.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Vladimir L. Astafyev
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alexandr A. Kurach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maxat A. Amantayev
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kostanay Branch of “Scientific Production Center of Agricultural Engineering” LLC, 110011, Abai Avenue, 34, Kostanay, 110011, Kazakhstan

Abstrakt

The article discusses the option for the application of the methodology for the solution of boundary value problems on the conformal mapping for the calculation of filtration process in the horizontal systematic drainage, provided that the drain is installed at a different depth. In particular, the case of methods combining fictitious areas and quasiconformal mappings for solving nonlinear boundary conditions problems for calculating filtration regimes in soils with free sections of boundaries (depression curves) and intervals of the “drainage” type. As an example, the authors designed a hydrodynamic flow grid, determined the values of the flows to the drain, established a section line and elicited other process characteristics. The algorithm for the numerical solution of model nonlinear boundary conditions problems of quasiconformal reflection in areas bounded by two equipotential lines and two flow lines, when for one of the sections, the boundary is an unknown (free) curve with fixed and free ends. The conducted numerical calculations prove that the problems and algorithms of their numerical solution, with a relatively small iterations number (k = 141) suggested in the paper, can be applied in the simulation of nonlinear filtration processes that arise in horizontal drainage systems. Total filtration flow obtained Q = 0.9 dm3·s–1; flow for drains Q1 = 0.55 dm3·s–1 and Q2 = 0.35 dm3·s–1 are quite consistent with practically determined values.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Volodymyr Havryliuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrii Bomba
2
ORCID: ORCID
Oleg Pinchuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ievgenii Gerasimov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Serhii Klimov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mykola Tkachuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Vasyl Turcheniuk
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rivne State University of Humanities, Rivne, Ukraine
  2. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, 11 Soborna St., 33028, Ukraine

Abstrakt

The article discusses the spatial development of non-urban areas based on the use of local peat resources. Creating a methodology for the advanced spatial development of non-urban areas has peat resources based on multi- criteria optimisation of production and social infrastructures. The industrial and social infrastructure of the non-urban areas having reserves of peat, associated mineral, and industrial raw materials. Regularities, trends, and features of formation and functioning of the productive and social infrastructure of the natural and man-made complex in the development of peat reserves, associated mineral, and industrial raw materials. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to conduct interdisciplinary research and solve the following specific objectives: (1) the scientific justification of new technological processes and equipment for peat and mineral raw materials processing for obtaining new composite materials for multiple purposes; (2) the feature analysis of the use of local peat resources to provide the development of non-urban areas based on a set of scientific approaches; (3) the development of the methodology for project management of the natural and man-made complex to ensure multi-criteria optimisation of productive and social infrastructure. The example of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra development selected results of confronting the existing “big grand” and national challenges through the mechanisms of rational use of local peat resources non-urban areas are illustrated. The results indicated that by 2030 there would be a 3.8-fold increase in mineral extraction and a 5.9-fold increase in processing industries.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Alexander N. Semin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nikolay V. Grevtsev
2
ORCID: ORCID
Natalya Yu. Antoninova
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural State Mining University, Faculty of Economics, Department of Strategic and Industrial Management, ul. Kuybysheva, 30, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, 620144, Russia
  2. Ural State Mining University, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Management, Yekaterinburg, Russia
  3. Institute of Mining, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Ecology of Mining, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Abstrakt

Hydrological models are widely used for runoff simulation throughout the world. The objective of this study is to check the performance of the HEC-HMS model for continuous runoff simulation of Gilgel Gibe watershed. It includes sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation. The model calibration was conducted with data from the year 1991 to 2002 and validated for the year 2003 to 2013 period using daily observed stream flow near the outlet of the watershed. To check the consistency of the model, both the calibration and validation periods were divided into two phases. The sensitivity analysis of parameters showed that curve number (CN) and wave travel time (K) were the most sensitive, whereas channel storage coefficient (x) and lag time (tlag) were moderately sensitive. The model performance measured using Nash–Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE), Percentage of Bias (PBIAS), correlation coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and Percentage Error in Peak (PEP). The respective values were 0.795, 8.225%, 0.916, 27.105 m3 s–1 and 7.789% during calibration, and 0.795, 23.015%, 0.916, 29.548 m3 s–1 and –19.698% during validation. The result indicates that the HEC-HMS model well estimated the daily runoff and peak discharge of Gilgel Gibe watershed. Hence, the model is recommended for continuous runoff simulation of Gilgel Gibe watershed. The study will be helpful for efficient water resources and watershed management for Gilgel Gibe watershed. It can also be used as a reference or an input for any future hydrological investigations in the nearby un-gauged or poorly gauged watershed.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Sewmehon Sisay Fanta
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tolera Abdissa Feyissa
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Jimma University, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Jimma, Ethiopia

Abstrakt

This study attempts to find a fuzzy logic system for assessing the quality of water in water treatment plants (WTPs) providing water for irrigation purposes in the Basrah Governorate (South of Iraq). Each month, samples are taken in each of six major WTPs to measure electrical conductivity ( EC), and the content of sodium, magnesium and calcium. The calculated value which is the sodium adsorption ratio ( SAR) is plotted with EC on the Richard diagram. SAR and EC values are combined together in a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to find out a quality number called the fuzzy irrigation water quality index number ( FIWQI) which ranges from zero to one. The higher the value of the index, the better water quality. The Richard diagram, which helps to classify irrigation water, is used to adjust FIS components. Results show that the FIWQI for all WTPs changes depending on location and season. It ranges between 0.114–0.170, 0.120–0.190, 0.114–0.170, 0.114–0.202, 0.118–0.500 and 0.46–0.500 for Al-Bradhaia 1, Al-Jubaila 1, Shatt Al-Arab, Garmmah 1, Al-Rebat, and Old Shauaibah WTPs, respectively. The results indicate that WTPs effluent drawn from the Shatt Al-Arab River has poor water quality for irrigation purposes, except for an Old Shauaibah which receives water from another source called a sweet water canal. FIS results are compared with values obtained from the Richard diagram and 96% degree of compatibility between the two methods is attained. This indicates that FIS is an acceptable method for water quality classification.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ahmed N.A. Hamdan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zainb A.A. Al Saad
1
ORCID: ORCID
Saad Abu-Alhail
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Basrah, Engineering College, Civil Engineering Department, Basrah 61004, Iraq

Abstrakt

Despite many studies on the hydrological responses to forest cover changes in micro and mesoscale watersheds, the hydrological responses to forest cover alterations and associated mechanisms through the large spatial scale of the river watershed have not been comprehensively perceived. This paper thus reviews a wide range of available scientific evidence concerning the impacts exerted by the forest removal on precipitation, water yield, stream flow, and flow regimes. It is concluded that there is no statistical correlation between forest cover and precipitation and water yield at the micro and mesoscale. In contrast, there is a relative correlation coefficient ( r = 0.77, p < 0.05) between forest cover and water yield at large scales (>1000 km2). These findings help our understanding of the hydrological response to forest disturbance at large and regional scale and provide a scientific perception to future watershed management in the context of human activities and natural hazards.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hadi H. Muhammed
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andam M. Mustafa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Kolerski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdańsk Unversity of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland

Abstrakt

Because of hydraulic jump, the scour downstream a stepped spillway is the most confusing issue that endangers the overall stability of the spillway. In this paper, thirty-six exploratory runs are described to explore the impact of utilizing submerged water jets fixed in the stilling basin of a stepped spillway on the downstream scour measurements under various flow conditions. A smooth apron where the water jets are disabled is incorporated to characterize the impact of adjustments studied. Trials are performed utilizing different upstream discharges, jets arrangements, and tailwater depths. The results are analyzed and graphically presented. The experimental data are contrasted to a scour formulae developed by other specialists. Outcomes indicated that by utilizing submerged floor water jets, the maximum scour depth is decreased between 14.3 and 36.0%. Additionally, the maximum scour length is reduced by 9.7 to 42.3%. Finally, involving regression analysis, simple formulas are developed to estimate different scour parameters.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mohamed M. Ibrahim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Al Sayed Ibrahim Diwedar
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmed Mahmoud Ibraheem
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Benha University, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, PO box 11629 Shoubra, Egypt
  2. National Water Research Center, Hydraulics Research Institute, P.O.Box 74, Shoubra El-Kheima 13411, Egypt

Abstrakt

Baseflow is the primary source of water for irrigation and other water needs during prolonged dry periods; accurate and rapid estimation of baseflow is therefore crucial for water resource allocation. This research aims to estimate baseflow contribution during dry periods in three small watersheds in East Java: Surabaya-Perning (114 km2), Lamong-Simoanggrok (235 km2), and Bangsal-Kedunguneng (26 km2). Six recursive digital filters (RDFs) algorithms are explored using a procedure consisting of calibration, validation, evaluation and interpretation. In this study, the period of July to September is considered as the peak of the dry season. Moreover, data for the period 1996 to 2005 is used to calibrate the algorithms. By yearly averaging, values are obtained for the parameters and then used to test performance during the validation period from 2006 to 2015. Statistical analysis, flow duration curves and hydrographs are used to evaluate and compare the performance of each algorithm. The results show that all the filters explored can be applied to estimate baseflow in the region. However, the Lyne–Hollick (with RMSE = 0.022, 0.125, 0.010 and R2 = 0.951, 0.968, 0.712) and exponentially weighted moving average or EWMA (with RMSE = 0.022, 0.124, 0.009 and R2 = 0.957, 0.968, 0.891) for the three sub-watersheds versions give the best performance.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Indarto Indarto
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mujiono Hardiansyah
1
Mohamad Wawan Sujarwo
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Jember, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Jl kalimantan No. 37 Kampus Tegalboto, 68121, Jember, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Abstrakt

The production of biofuels using wastewater as a microalgae culture medium is a little explored technology, but with potential for success. In order to contribute to the knowledge of these technologies and their technical feasibility for microalgae growth, in this work the Chlorella sp. strain was cultivated in two types of effluents generated in an experimental farm located in eastern Colombia, before and after a biological treatment process. The consumption of the main nutrients that regulate growth and lipid production was evaluated, in order to extract, quantify, characterize and convert them into biodiesel. The results showed that Chlorella sp. growth and lipid production is more favourable in R2 medium of treated water than in R1 medium of raw water, mainly due to phosphorus limitation and higher N-NO3 concentration in R2 compared to R1. In the R2 medium culture, a percentage of 42.54% of long-chain fatty acids was found, which is necessary to obtain a high quality biodiesel. Finally, the best transesterification experiment allowed reaching a fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) percentage of 90.1 ± 2.7%. In general, the results demonstrated the potential viability of using the wastewater generated in the San Pablo farm to produce biomass with lipid content to obtain biodiesel, finding that where the concentration of nutrients, mainly nitrogen, has a great influence on the microalgal metabolism for lipid accumulation.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Nestor Andres Urbina-Suarez
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andres Fernando Barajas-Solano
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janet Bibiana Garcia-Martinez
1
ORCID: ORCID
German Luciano Lopez-Barrera
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Francisco de Paula Santander University, Cúcuta, Colombia
  2. University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48-152, Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia

Abstrakt

In this work, nickel adsorption onto low Jordanian zeolite dose is being investigated. Natural zeolite doses were stirred continuously with nickel solutions in batch reactors at 180 RPM for 24 hours, where the temperature was set to 20°C. The pH was initially 4.5 and reached 5.2 at equilibrium. The removal efficiency of nickel reaches maximum value when the initial nickel concentration is around 1 ppm and then tends to decrease when the initial nickel concentration increases above 1 ppm. The optimal nickel removal reaches 65% when the initial nickel concentration is 1 ppm and the zeolite dose is 26 mg·dm–3. This study investigates the behaviour of nickel removal and modelling isotherms below and above this critical peak point. At this level of zeolite dose, the adsorption does not follow either Freundlich or Langmuir isotherms, but rather, it follows Freundlich for the data plot just below the peak point with the highest coefficient of determination (R2) equals (0.98) when the zeolite dose is (26 mg·dm–3), whereas it follows Langmuir for the data plot just above the peak point with the highest coefficient of determination (R2) equals (0.99) when the zeolite dose is (10 mg·dm–3). These findings clarify the theory behind each isotherm and can be used to find new information for efficient treatment techniques.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ziad Al-Ghazawi
1
Ahmad Qasaimeh
1
Bilal Al-Bataina
2

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, 00962-2-7201000 22139; Jordan
  2. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, Canada

Abstrakt

Soil loss is a major problem for watersheds management in semi-arid environments. The objective of the present study is to analyze the annual and seasonal patterns of suspended loads and quantify the specific sediment yields in a semi-arid environment of the Mazafran Watershed in central Algeria. The obtained information of water discharge and suspended sediment load, recorded during 19 years, was confronted with precipitation data in order to establish the relationships between theforcing agents and erosive processes. The specific sediment yield was estimated by assessing rating curve data under two types of identified responses. The obtained results allowedconfirming the seasonality on suspended sediment transport in the studied basin, which accounts for 56% of the total suspended sediment load estimated in winter. The mean annual suspended sediment is estimated at 17.52 Mg·ha–1·y–1. The results highlighted that the type 2 event dominates the production of sediment in the study area in comparison with type 1 event. The analysis of the variability of rainfall erosivity index showed that there is a strong correlation between the annual precipitation and modified Fournier index ( MFI), and a weak correlation with the monthly precipitation concentration index ( PCI). Moreover, the spatial distribution of the modified Fournier index at the basin scale showed the highest precipitation aggressiveness in the Southern part of the study region for both type of events, whereas the precipitation aggressiveness low to moderate in the remaining part of the study region.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mosbah Rabah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hamad Bouchelkia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fadila Belarbi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agustin Millares
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Faculty of Technology, Department of Hydraulics, Rue Abi Ayad Abdelkrim Fg Pasteur, 22, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
  2. Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), Environmental Fluid Dynamic Group, Granada, Spain

Abstrakt

In Algeria, modern agriculture was introduced in the Saharan region through the implementation of the law n° 83–18 of August 13, 1983, relating to access to agricultural land ownership (Fr. Accession à la Propriété Foncière Agricole (APFA) in French). This law was hugely successful and sparked a real enthusiasm for this type of activity, which resulted in an expansion of agricultural areas at the M’Zab level, similar to that observed in other Saharan regions. Over the past decades, the agricultural area has declined markedly (–0.4%), which was due to multiple causes, including ecological problems, such as urban discharges and the rise in the water level. So far, little research has been done to assess the agricultural situation and irrigation in this region. The objective of this work is to analyse and discuss the constraints and impacts of water and agricultural management on sustainability of the ecosystem in the Saharan environment. This work is based on extensive research, which has been carried out in the M’Zab region on the oasis system and its evolution. It was enriched with dozens of direct surveys, performed among farmers working in agricultural areas. The results show that agricultural development and the sustainability of farms in this region face several technical and social constraints, the most important of which are the workforce-related problems and water management. Several measures have been recommended to be taken not only to preserve the ecosystem but also to give significance to the large investments made by the public authorities.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Rachid Zegait
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hocine Bensaha
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tayeb Addoun
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Djelfa, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hydraulic Department, Algeria
  2. Applied Research Unit in Renewable Energies, URAER, Algeria
  3. Oran 2 University, Faculty of Earth and Universe Sciences, Geography Department, Algeria

Abstrakt

The development of transport infrastructure strengthens the technogenic burden on the environment. Waste, thaw and rain waters from vehicle transport enterprises, such as car-washing installations, petrol stations, and car service stations may pollute ground and surface waters, and adjacent landscapes. The article presents quality parameters and suggests a number of measures permitting to minimize the harmful impact on the environment. The purpose is to improve the reagent treatment technology applicable to surface runoff from vehicle transport enterprises and the reuse of circulating waters by improving well-known methods with original technological procedures and chemical reagents. Research methods include the use of potentiometry, titrometry, and gravimetry. The investigation has shown the possibility to increase the efficiency of runoff treatment and removal of suspended particles and dissolved organic matter by 20–30%. This can be achieved by the application of a permanent magnetic field of 30–40 mT and the subsequent processing by the solution of aluminum chlorohydrate. Optimum parameters have been determined regarding magnetic field and processing conditions. It has been proven that the use of aluminum chlorohydrate in combination with polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride simplifies substantially the technological cycle. A better treatment can be achieved in comparison with the usual coagulant by 25%. Heavy metal ions are removed from water and the method includes microbiological disinfection and preservation of water in storage reservoirs. The improved technological scheme suggests the reagent treatment of storm and circulating waters for their repeated use.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Oleksandr Kvartenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andriy Lysytsya
2
ORCID: ORCID
Nataliya Kovalchuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ihor Prysiazhniuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Oksana Pletuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Educational and Scientific Institute of Construction and Architecture, Rivne 11 Soborna St., 33028, Ukraine
  2. Rivne State University of Humanities, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Plastova St, 31, Rivne, 33000, Ukraine

Abstrakt

The purpose of this study is to develop mathematical models based on artificial intelligence: Models based on the support vectors regression (SVR) for drought forecast in the Ansegmir watershed (Upper Moulouya, Morocco). This study focuses on the prediction of the temporal aspect of the two drought indices (standardized precipitation index – SPI and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index – SPEI) using six hydro-climatic variables relating to the period 1979–2013. The model SVR3-SPI: RBF, ε = 0.004, C = 20 and γ = 1.7 for the index SPI, and the model SVR3-SPEI: RBF ε = 0.004, C = 40 and γ = 0.167 for the SPEI index are significantly better in comparison to other models SVR1, SVR2 and SVR4. The SVR model for the SPI index gave a correlation coefficient of R = 0.92, MSE = 0.17 and MAE = 0.329 for the learning phase and R = 0.90, MSE = 0.18 and MAE = 0.313 for the testing phase. As for the SPEI index, the overlay is slightly poorer only in the case of the SPI index between the observed values and the predicted ones by the SVR model. It shows a very small gap between the observed and predicted values. The correlation coefficients R = 0.88 for the learning, R = 0.86 for testing remain higher and corresponding to a quadratic error average MSE = 0.21 and MAE = 0.351 for the learning and MSE = 0.21 and MAE = 0.350 for the testing phase. The prediction of drought by SVR model remain useful and would be extremely important for drought risk management.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

My Hachem Bekri
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdellah El Hmaidi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Habiba Ousmana
1
ORCID: ORCID
El Mati El Faleh
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed Berrada
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kamal El Aissaoui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ali Essahlaoui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdelhadi El Ouali
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, 50070, Meknes, Morocco

Abstrakt

This article examines the short- and long-run effects of water price, system input, income, temperature on domestic water demand for Amman area over the period of 1980–2012. An empirical, dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for water demand is developed on a yearly basis. This approach is capable of testing and analysing the dynamic relationship with time series data using a single equation regressions. Results show the ability of the model to predicting future trends (short- and long-run association). The main results indicate that water demand in limited water environment is partially captured in the long-run by the amount of water reaching the customer. The short- and long-run elasticities of water price (–0.061, –0.028) and high temperature (0.023, 0.054) indicate inelastic behaviour on water demand both in short- and long-run, while the lagged water price has a significant effect on demand. Income represented by gross domestic product (GDP) slightly affects water consumption in the long-run and insignificantly in the short-run (0.24, 0.24). Water consumption is strongly linked to consumption habits measured by lagged billed amount 0.35, and is strongly linked to amount of supplied water both in short- and long-run (0.47, 0.53). These results suggest that water needs should be satisfied first to allow controlling water demand through a good pricing system.
Moreover, the association identified between demand and water system input, and the lesser elasticities of water price and other explanatory variables confirm the condition of water deficit in Amman area and Jordan. The results could be rolled out to similar cities suffering scarce water resources with arid and semi-arid weather conditions.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Duaa B. Telfah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nawal Louzi
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Tala M. AlBashir
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Yarmouk University, Hijjawi Faculty of Engineering Technology, P.O. Box 566 ZipCode 21163, Irbid, Jordan
  2. Al-Ahliyya Amman University Al-Saro, Faculty of Engineering, Amman, Jordan

Abstrakt

In the current study, it was tried to investigate the medicinal plants of the native flora of the Northern Tien Shan to bring them into domestication. The study was carried out on the territory of a botanical garden located at an altitude of 880 m a.s.l., in the foothill steppe zone of the Zailiysky Alatau ridge, People’s Republic of China on light chestnut loamy soils. In 2018–2019, more than 90 samples of 51 species of medicinal plants of the Northern Tien Shan flora was selected from 17 families for introduction tests. The families Compositae (10 genera, 12 species) and Lamiaceae (12 genera, 13 species) were represented by the largest numbers of genera and species. The family Leguminosae was represented by four species from four genera; the families Polygonaceae and Ranunculaceae, by three species each; the family Rosaceae, by two species; and the remaining 11 families, by one species each. The results suggested that the majority of medicinal plants of the Northern Tien Shan tested can be successfully cultivated in the foothill zone of the Zailiysky Alatau. The results indicated that when propagated by seed, the laboratory germination varied from 2 to 30%, and the mass of seeds was 0.21 g. When sown in spring, the field germination was 8%, and when sown in autumn, 42% from 50 to 70% of seedlings survived until the end of the growing season. The massive flowering was observed in the third year, and the plants vegetated until the end of the growing season.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Gulnara Sitpayeva
1
ORCID: ORCID
Svetlana Yerekeyeva
2
ORCID: ORCID
Lyudmila Grudzinskaya
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nadejda Gemejieva
1
ORCID: ORCID
Gulshat Anarbekova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Bakytzhan Saikenov
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction of the Committee for Forestry and Wildlife of the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
  2. Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty, 8 Abai Avenue, 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstrakt

A field survey has been conducted for the study area using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and geological and geomorphological maps of the area. The study area is one of the important areas in Iraq characterized by scarce water resources. The purpose of the study is to determine the hydro-chemical processes and their relationship to groundwater quality carried out in the southwestern desert region of Iraq, where the region lacks extensive studies of water resources. Twenty-eight groundwater samples were collected from wells distributed between the eastern borders of Saudi Arabia and the West Bank of the Euphrates River. For the purpose of hydrogeochemical analyses, the Fetter method was used to collect and examine samples. A large part of the recharge area is located in Saudi Arabia, where the groundwater bearing aquifer represented by the Dammam formation extends to Iraq and Saudi Arabian International borders. The analysis determined the order of cations (Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+) and anions (Cl– > SO42– > HCO3–). High values of the variation coefficient (CV) correspond to the concentration of potassium, sodium and chloride ions (CV: 68.7, 64.7 and 64 respectively). To identify the hydrochemical water facies, the Piper diagram was used. It was found that 53% of the water samples belong to the Na-Cl type and 40% are of the Ca-Mg-Cl type, while the rest of the samples are the Ca-Cl type. To identify geochemical processes, it was found that ion exchange processes via chloroalkaline indices 1 and 2 are prevalent between Ca2+, Mg2+ in the groundwater and Na+, K+ in water bearing rocks. To learn more about the processes that led to the concentration of certain ions, such as sodium, it was found that they tend to be of silicate minerals related to surface runoff of water in recharge areas and carbonic rocks. It was also found that rock / soil-groundwater interaction and evaporation processes were the formal processes in the saturated zone and evaporation in the unsaturated zone are prevalent processes of groundwater ion concentration.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kareem Ghafel Al-Mutawqi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Salam Hussein Ewaid
2
ORCID: ORCID
Salwan Ali Abed
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nadhir Al-Ansari
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mudhafar A. Salim
4
ORCID: ORCID
Ameer J. Kadhim
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Al-Qadisiyah, College of Science, Iraq
  2. Technical Institute of Shatra, Southern Technical University, Basra, Iraq
  3. Luleå University of Technology, Laboratorievägen 14, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
  4. Arab Regional Center for World Heritage, Manama, Bahrain
  5. Ministry of Water Resources, General Commission of Groundwater, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstrakt

A multiple regression model approach was developed to estimate buffering indices, as well as biogas and methane productions in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating coffee wet wastewater. Five input variables measured (pH, alkalinity, outlet VFA concentration, and total and soluble COD removal) were selected to develop the best models to identify their importance on methanation. Optimal regression models were selected based on four statistical performance criteria, viz. Mallow’s Cp statistic (Cp), Akaike information criterion ( AIC), Hannan– Quinn criterion ( HQC), and Schwarz–Bayesian information criterion ( SBIC). The performance of the models selected were assessed through several descriptive statistics such as measure of goodness-of-fit test (coefficient of multiple determination, R2; adjusted coefficient of multiple determination, Adj-R2; standard error of estimation, SEE; and Durbin–Watson statistic, DWS), and statistics on the prediction errors (mean squared error, MSE; mean absolute error, MAE; mean absolute percentage error, MAPE; mean error, ME and mean percentage error, MPE). The estimated model reveals that buffering indices are strongly influenced by three variables (volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, soluble COD removal, and alkalinity); while, pH, VFA concentration and total COD removal were the most significant independent variables in biogas and methane production. The developed equation models obtained in this study, could be a powerful tool to predict the functionability and stability for the UASB system.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yans Guardia-Puebla
1
ORCID: ORCID
Edilberto Llanes-Cedeño
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ana Velia Domínguez-León
3
Quirino Arias-Cedeño
1
ORCID: ORCID
Víctor Sánchez-Girón
4
ORCID: ORCID
Gert Morscheck
5
Bettina Eichler-Löbermann
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Granma, Study Center for Applied Chemistry, Cuba
  2. Faculty of Architecture and Engineering, International SEK University, Quito, Ecuador
  3. Language Center, University of Granma, Cuba
  4. College of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Spain
  5. Faculty of Agronomy and Crop Science, University of Rostock, Germany

Abstrakt

From a management perspective, water quality is determined by the desired end use. Water intended for leisure, drinking water, and the habitat of aquatic organisms requires higher levels of purity. In contrast, the quality standards of water used for hydraulic energy production are much less important.
The main objective of this work is focused on the development of an evaluation system dealing with supervised classification of the physicochemical quality of the water surface in the Moulouya River through the use of artificial intelligence. A graphical interface under Matlab 2015 is presented. The latter makes it possible to create a classification model based on artificial neural networks of the multilayer perceptron type (ANN-MLP).
Several configurations were tested during this study. The configuration [9 8 3] retained gives a coefficient of determination close to the unit with a minimum error value during the test phase.
This study highlights the capacity of the classification model based on artificial neural networks of the multilayer perceptron type (ANN-MLP) proposed for the supervised classification of the different water quality classes, determined by the calculation of the system for assessing the quality of surface water (SEQ-water) at the level of the Moulouya River catchment area, with an overall classification rate equal to 98.5% and a classification rate during the test phase equal to 100%.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Imad Manssouri
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdelghani Talhaoui
2
Abdellah El Hmaidi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Brahim Boudad
3
Bouchra Boudebbouz
1
Hassane Sahbi
4

  1. Moulay Ismail University, National School of Arts and Crafts, Laboratory of Mechanics, Mechatronics, and Command, Team of Electrical Energy, Maintenance and Innovation, Meknes, Marjane 2, BP: 298 Meknes 50050, Morocco
  2. Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, Water Sciences and Environmental Engineering team, Meknes, Morocco
  3. Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geology, Laboratory of Geo-Engineering and Environment, Meknes, Morocco
  4. Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco

Abstrakt

Using microorganisms in eliminating or reducing the impacts of harmful remnants is very ancient manner. The current study was conducted to explore the potential of utilizing some fungi species that isolated from the main sewage treatment plant in Al-Muamirah area, Babylon-Iraq, in reducing some pollutants. Six fungi taxa Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terrues, Candida albicans, C. krusei, and Penicillium digitatum were identified before any treatment process, whereas only four fungi species A. flavus 20%, A. niger 20%, A. terrues 10%, and P. digitatum 18% were recognized after completing the physical and chemical treatment stages. Only three taxa A. niger, A. terrues, and P. digitatum were employed to reveal their capability in treating the sewage water, which represent the biological treatment stage as the final step of the treatment processes. The results showed a considerable capability of these fungi species in decreasing many variables values such as pH, total soluble solids (TSS), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total alkalinity, chlorides, nitrite, and phosphate. Where, slightly low reduction was detected in TSS value in all experiments (1.1–5.9%), similarly, both EC and salinity which were decreased with low ratios (6.6%, 3.9%, respectively). Taxon A. terrues exhibited high ability in reducing the total alkalinity and chloride ions in the treated water (30.9%, 43%, respectively) in comparison with the other two fungi species. Furthermore, all three fungi species were posed high capability in decreasing nutrients, where both nitrite and phosphate ions were highly reduced (87–97% and 22.8–32.1%, respectively). Based on these findings, we suggest using other microorganisms and exploring their capacity in removing the pollutants, and revealing the ability of the above fungi taxa in removing other pollutants.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Nuha F. Kadhim
1
Wathiq J. Mohammed
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ibtihal M. Al Hussaini
1
Hala M.N. Al-Saily
1
Rasha N. Ali
1

  1. The University of Babylon, College of Science, Department of Biology, PO Box: 4 Iraq – Babylon – Hillah, Babilon, Iraq

Abstrakt

The problem of flood vulnerability has been reviewed in several studies, however, the reviews focused exclusively either on the social or on the physical component of the problem. The components of flood vulnerability are interdependent and each of them makes an equally important contribution to the flood vulnerability index. This study identifies and evaluates the integrated flood vulnerability index ( FVI) of an area by considering its multiple components (social, economic, and environmental). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied to evaluate the weight of each component. The evaluation was based on the judgements of experts working at local government policy- making agencies. The input data for the AHP were acquired through a questionnaire survey. Eleven indicators that delivered significant results were then selected. The FVI results show high flood vulnerability at the local scale. The FVI provides the basis for the identification of villages with high vulnerability indices. The results provide essential information about pluvial flood vulnerability at the local scale, about the area with the highest vulnerability index, and the most vulnerable villages. The results also show that the components that have a significant impact on the flood vulnerability index include environmental components (43.4%), social components (28.5%), and physical components (28.1%).
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Entin Hidayah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Retno Utami Agung Wiyono
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ageng Dwi Wicaksono
1

  1. University of Jember, Faculty of Engineering, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37, Tegalboto Sumbersari, Kec. Sumbersari, Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia

Abstrakt

Changes in land use as a result of human activities may generate the alteration of hydrometeorological disasters. Erosion, sedimentation, floods and landslides frequently occur in the Sanenrejo watershed (±292 km2), located in East Java, Indonesia. In this paper, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model is used to evaluate the hydrological processes in this small watershed. The digital elevation model (DEM) is used as the primary input for deriving the topographic and physical properties of the watershed. Other input data used for the modelling processes include soil type, land use, observed discharge data and climate variables. These data are integrated into the SWAT to calculate discharge, erosion and sedimentation processes. The existing observed discharge data used to calibrate the SWAT output at the watershed outlet. The calibration results produce Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency ( NSE) of 0.62 and determination coefficient (R2) of 0.75, then the validation result of 0.5 (NSE) and 0.63 (R2). The middle area faced the highest erosion and sedimentation that potentially contribute to hydrometeorological disasters.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mohamad Wawan Sujarwo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Indarto Indarto
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marga Mandala
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Jember, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Jl kalimantan No. 37 Kampus Tegalboto, 68121, Jember, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Abstrakt

The present study aimed to assess groundwater quality according to the water quality index (WQI) in Ali Al- Gharbi district of the Maysan Governorate in eastern Iraq. For this purpose, 10 physical parameters such as pH, total hardness ( TH), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), sulphate (SO42–), chloride (Cl–), nitrate (NO3–), and total dissolved solids ( TDSs) were examined since 2019 from 16 different locations (viz. wells). The analysis results indicated that 18.75% of the water samples were of good quality, 56.25% of them had low quality, and 25% of such samples were very poor. The WQI also varied from 69.67 and 297.6. Therefore, prior to water use, there is a dire need for some treatments, as protecting this district from pollution is significant.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Sarteel Hamid Enad Al-Shammary
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sattar Obaid Maiws Al-Mayyahi
1

  1. Wasit University, College of Science, Department of Geology, Al-Kut city, Wasit Province, Iraq

Abstrakt

Gauging stations of meteorological networks generally record rainfall on a daily basis. However, sub-daily rainfall observations are required for modelling flood control structures, or urban drainage systems. In this respect, determination of temporal distribution of daily rainfall, and estimation of standard duration of rainfall are significant in hydrological studies. Although sub-daily rainfall gauges are present at meteorological networks, especially in the developing countries, their number is very low compared to the gauges that record daily rainfall.
This study aims at developing a method for estimating temporal distribution of maximum daily rainfall, and hence for generating maximum rainfall envelope curves. For this purpose, the standard duration of rainfall was examined. Among various regression methods, it was determined that the temporal distribution of 24-hour rainfall successfully fits the logarithmic model. The logarithmic model’s regression coefficients (named a and b) were then linked to the geographic and meteorological characteristics of the gauging stations. The developed model was applied to 47 stations located at two distinct geographical regions: the Marmara Sea Region and Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. Various statistical criteria were used to test the method's accuracy, and the proposed model provided successful results. For instance, the RMSE values of the regression coefficients a and b in Marmara Regions are 0.004 and 0.027. On the other hand, RMSE values are 0.007 and 0.02 for Eastern Black Sea Region.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Cahit Yerdelen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ömer Levend Asikoglu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed Abdelkader
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ebru Eris
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, 35100, Bornova – İZMİR, Turkey

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Reviews should be objective. Personal criticism is inappropriate. Referees should clearly ex-press their opinions and support them with proper arguments.


Confidentiality
All reviewed papers should be dealt with as confidential. They should not be discussed or revealed to persons other than the secretary of the Editorial Office.


Anonymity
All reviews should be made anonymously and the Editorial Office does not disclose names of the authors to referees.


Disclosure and conflict of interests
Confidential information or ideas resulting from reviewing procedure should be kept secret and should not be used to gain personal benefits. Referees should not review papers, which might generate conflict of interests resulting from relationships with the author, firm or institution involved in the study.


Confirmation of sources
Referees should indicate publications which are not referred to in the paper. Any statement that the observation, source or argument was described previously should be supported by appropriate citation. Referee should also inform the secretary of the Editorial Office about significant similarity to or partial overlapping of the reviewed paper with any other published paper and about suspected plagiarism.


Corrections, retractions and updates after publication


Sometimes after an article has been published it may be necessary to make a change. This will be done after careful consideration by Editors to ensure any necessary changes are made in accordance with guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE):
https://publicationethics.org/postpublication


Retraction is executed in accordance with the procedure presented by the European Association of Science Editors (EASE): https://ease.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/EASE-Standard-Retraction-Form-2022.pdf


Complaints and appeals


A complaint may arise over the conduct of editors and/or peer reviewers. Some possible reasons for complaints are:
- intentional delay of reviewing process,
- undisclosed conflicts of interest,
- breach of confidentiality,
- misuse of confidential information,
- practical issues, such as unresponsive journal staff.


An appeal is a formal request to reconsider a decision taken by the journal. It might be related to decisions in regular journal operation (e.g. a manuscript being rejected) or to a verdict taken by a team investigating a particular situation (e.g. a published manuscript being retracted due to suspected data manipulation).


The authors submit a formal complaint/appeal to the journal principal contact by email or post ( journal@itp.edu.pl). Within a week, the journal will form an investigation group consisting of at least three Editorial Team members (not previously involved in handling the manuscript in question) and report back their names and how they can be contacted.


The actual investigation time may vary depending on the complexity of the case. The investigation team provides fair opportunities to all parties involved to explain their motives and actions. The purpose of the investigation is to establish whether misconduct took place (as reported or in the light of new circumstances discovered), whether it was performed deliberately or as a genuine mistake, and to estimate the scale of its negative consequences.


Based on the facts collected, the investigation team decides on the corrective actions to be taken as well as whether some penalty is to be applied to the person who performed the misconduct. Depending on the misconduct severity, the penalty may range from a reprimand to an expulsion from the reviewer pool/editorial board and a report being sent to the institution to which the person in question is affiliated.


The authors are informed about the investigation outcome upon its completion.


In its work, the investigation group relies on the recommendations and guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE): https://publicationethics.org/appeals


In complex cases, an external ethical advisor might be called for.


Guidance from COPE ( https://publicationethics.org/ ):

Ethical guidelines for peer reviewers (English)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.9


Sharing of information among editors-in-chief regarding possible misconduct
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.7


How to handle authorship disputes: a guide for new researchers
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2018.1.1


Text recycling guidelines for editors
URL: http://publicationethics.org/text-recycling-guidelines


A short guide to ethical editing for new editors
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.8

Guidelines for managing the relationships between society owned journals, their society, and publishers
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2018.1.2


Retraction guidelines
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.4

Procedura recenzowania

Reviewing procedure

Procedure of reviewing submitted papers agrees with recommendations of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education published in a booklet: „Dobre praktyki w procedurach recenzyjnych w nauce”.

Reviewing form may be downloaded from the Journal’s web page.

1. Papers submitted to the Editorial Office are primarily verified by editors with respect to merit and formal issues. Texts with obvious errors (formatting other than requested, missing references, evidently low scientific quality) will be rejected at this stage.

2. Primarily accepted papers are sent to the two independent referees from outside the author’s institution, who:

- have no conflict of interests with the author,
- are not in professional relationships with the author,
- are competent in a given discipline and have at least doctor’s degree and respective scientific achievements,
- have unblemished reputation as reviewers.

3. In case of papers written in foreign language, at least one referee is affiliated in a foreign institution other than the author’s nationality.

4. Reviewing proceeds in the double blind process (authors and reviewers do not know each other’s names) recommended by the Ministry.

5. A number is attributed to the paper to identify it in further stages of editorial procedure.

6. Potential referee obtains summary of the text and it is his/her decision upon accepting/rejecting the paper for review within a given time period.

7. Referees are obliged to keep opinions about the paper confidential and to not use knowledge about it before publication.

8. Review must have a written form and end up with an explicit conclusion about accepting or rejecting the paper from publication. Referee has a possibility to conclude his/her opinion in a form:

- accept without revision;
- accept with minor revision;
- accept after major revision,
- re-submission and further reviewing after complete re-arrangement of the paper,
- reject.

9. Referee sends the review to the “Journal of Water and Land Development” by Editorial System. The review is archived there for 5 years.

10. Editors do not accept reviews, which do not conform to merit and formal rules of scientific reviewing like short positive or negative remarks not supported by a close scrutiny or definitely critical reviews with positive final conclusion and vice versa. Referee’s remarks are presented to the author. Rational and motivated conclusions are obligatory for the author. He/she has to consider all remarks and revise the text accordingly. Referee has the right to verify so revised text.

11. Author of the text has the right to comment referee’s conclusions in case he/she does not agree with them.

12. Editor-in Chief (supported by members of the Editorial Board) decides upon publication based on remarks and conclusions presented by referees, author’s comments and the final version of the manuscript.

13. Rules of acceptation or rejection of the paper and the review form are available at the web page of the Editorial House or the journal.

14. Present list of cooperating reviewers is published once a year.

15. According to usual habit, reviewing is free of charge.

16. Papers rejected by referees are archived by Editorial System.

Download:
Review Sheet


Recenzenci

Journal of Water and Land Development List of reviewers 2023

  • Assoc. Prof. Salman Dawood Ammar University of Basrah, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Basrah, Iraq
  • Prof. Jacek Antonkiewicz University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Poland
  • Dr. Ozan Artun Cukurova University in Adana, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Turkey
  • Assoc. Prof. Habib-ur-Rehman Athar Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, Pakistan
  • Prof. Meryem Atik Akdeniz University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Antalya,Turkey
  • Prof. Atilgan Atilgan Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
  • Prof. Doru Bănăduc Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences, Romania
  • Dr. José Miguel Barrios Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
  • Dr. Anna Baryła Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Arjan Beqiraj Polytechnic University of Tirana, Faculty of Geology and Mining, Earth Sciences Departament, Albania
  • Dr. Małgorzata Biniak-Pieróg Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Environmental Development and Protection, Poland
  • Prof. M. Bisri Bisri University Brawijaya, Indonesia
  • Assoc. Prof. Małgorzata Bonisławska West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Barbara Borawska-Jarmułowicz Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Agronomy, Poland
  • Dr. Łukasz Borek University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Land Reclamation and Environmental Development, Poland
  • Prof. Marian Brzozowski Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
  • Dr. Filip Bujakowski Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Irena Burzyńska Forest Research Institute, Laboratory of Natural Environment Chemistry, Sękocin Stary, Poland
  • Prof. Tzu-Chia Chen Krirk University, International College, Bangkok, Thailand
  • Master Grzegorz Chrobak Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Spatial Management, Department of Environmental Protection and Development, Poland
  • Dr. Wojciech Ciężkowski Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Remote Sensing and Environmental Assessment, Poland
  • Dr. Agnieszka Cupak University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Poland
  • Dr. Isa Curebal Balikesir University, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Dr. Wojciech Czekała Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Przemysław Czerniejewski Westpomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Fisheries Management, Poland
  • Dr. Ewa Dacewicz University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Poland
  • Dr. Ralf Dannowski Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Land Use Research, Institute of Landscape Hydrology (retired since 2015), Müncheberg, Germany
  • Dr. Jarosław Dąbrowski Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Piotr Dąbrowski Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Department of Environmental Management, Poland
  • Prof. Piotr Dąbrowski Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
  • Dr. Agnieszka Dąbska Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Oussama Derdous Kasdi Merbah University, Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ouargla, Algeria
  • Prof. Sina Dobaradaran Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr, Iran
  • Dr. Mariusz Dudziak Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Helmut Durrast Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
  • Dr. Tomasz Dysarz Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Nabil Elshery Tanta University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Botany Department, Egypt
  • Prof. Evens Emmanuel Université Quisqueya, Haut Turgeau, Haiti
  • Prof. Andrzej Eymontt Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Dr. Paweł Falaciński Warsaw University of Technology, Department of Hydro-Engineering and Hydraulics, Poland
  • Faculty of Building Services, Hydro- and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Ewa Falkowska Warsaw University, Faculty of Geology, Poland
  • Dr. Tomasz Falkowski Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Stanisław Famielec University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
  • Dr. Francesco Faraone Cooperativa Silene, Palermo, Italy
  • Assoc. Prof. Marcin Feltynowski University of Lodz, Institute of Urban and Regional Studies and Planning, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Romilda Fernandez Felisbino Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
  • Assoc. Prof. Barbara Futa University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, Institute of Soil Science, Environment Engineering and Management, Poland
  • Prof. John Galbraith Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
  • Assoc. Prof. Marwan Ghanem Birzeit University, Department of Geography, Palestine
  • Dr. Andrzej Giza University of Szczecin, Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Poland
  • Dr. Maciej Gliniak University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Power Engineering and Automation, Poland
  • Dr. Arkadiusz Głogowski Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Protection and Development, Poland
  • Dr. Januarius Gobilik Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
  • Prof. Renata Graf Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Hydrology and Water Management, Institute of Physical Geography and Environmental, Poznań, Poland
  • Prof. Andrzej Greinert University of Zielona Gora, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Geoengineering and Reclamation, Poland
  • Dr. Leon Grubišić Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Laboratory for Aquaculture, Laboratory of Aquaculture, Split, Croatia
  • Dr. Łukasz Gruss Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Dr. Maciej Gruszczyński Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Antoni Grzywna University of Live Sciences in Lublin, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Dr. Andrej Halabuk Institute of Landscape Ecology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
  • Master Wiktor Halecki Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Nature Conservation PAS, Kraków, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Mateusz Hammerling Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. donny harisuseno University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
  • Dr. Sigid Hariyadi IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
  • Prof. Salim Heddam 20 Août 1955 University, Agronomy Department, Hydraulic Division, Skikda, Algeria
  • Dr. Leszek Hejduk Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
  • Dr. Yevheniy Herasimov National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Research Department, Rivne, Ukraine
  • Dr. Jakub Hołaj-Krzak Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Dr. Tomasz Horaczek Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Prof. Lyudmyla Hranovska Institute of Climate – Smart Agriculture of NAAS, Department of Irrigated Agriculture and Decarbonization Agroecosystems, Odesa, Ukraine
  • Dr. Věra Hubačíková Mendel University in Brno, Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Czech Republic
  • Prof. Piotr Hulisz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Aniza Ibrahim Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Master Svetlana Ilić Institute for Protection and Ecology of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Dr. Gabriela Ioana-Toroimac University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Romania
  • Dr. Eva Ivanišová Ivanišová Slovac Agricultural University in Nitra, Department of Technology and Quality of Plant Products, Slovak Republic
  • Dr. Mateusz Jakubiak AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Management and Protection, Kraków, Poland
  • Dr. Michał Jankowski Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Bartosz Jawecki Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Landscape Architecture, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Spain
  • Prof. Krzysztof Jóżwiakowski University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Dr. Carmelo Juez Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Spain
  • Dr. Marta Jurga Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Poland
  • Prof. Edmund Kaca Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
  • Dr. Grzegorz Kaczor University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Poland
  • Prof. Hazem M. Kalaji Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
  • Dr. Marek Kalenik Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Tomasz Kałuża Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, Poznań, Poland
  • Dr. Andrzej Kapusta Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Department of Ichthyology, Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology, Poland
  • Prof. Vasyl Karabyn Lviv State University of Life Safety, Ukraine
  • Dr. Beata Karolinczak Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Robert Kasperek Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Dr. Ewa Kaznowska Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
  • Prof. Nahed Khairy Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
  • Dr. Eyad Khalaf Science & Technology Center of Excellence, Cairo, Egypt
  • Dr. Adam Kiczko Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
  • Prof. Sungwon Kim Dongyang University, Department of Railroad Construction and Safety Engineering, Korea (South)
  • Assoc. Prof. Tomasz Klaiber Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poland
  • Prof. Zbigniew Kledyński Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
  • Dr. Tomasz Kleiber Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Nutrition, Poland
  • Dr. Kamila Klimek University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Mathematical Statistics, Poland
  • Prof. Oleksandr Klimenko National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine
  • Dr. Anna Kocira Institute of Agricultural Sciences, The State School of Higher Education in Chełm, Poland
  • Prof. Marek Kopacz AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Radovan Kopp Mendel University in Brno, Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Czech Republic
  • Dr. Tomasz Kotowski University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
  • Prof. Viktor Kovalchuk National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine
  • Prof. Pyotr Kovalenko Institute of Water Problems and Melioration of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  • Dr. Agnieszka Kowalczyk Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Tomasz Kowalczyk Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
  • Dr. Anna Krakowiak-Bal University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
  • Prof. Leszek Książek University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
  • Prof. Maciej Kubon University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
  • Prof. Lech Kufel Siedlce University, Poland
  • Dr. Jerzy Kupiec Poznan University of Life Science, Poland
  • Dr. Karolina Kurek University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
  • Dr. Alban Kuriqi Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
  • Dr. Renata Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Agrometeorology, Plant Irrigation and Horticulture, Poland
  • Dr. Stanisław Lach AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Management and Protection, Poland
  • Prof. Lenka Lackóová Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Department of Landscape Planning and Ground Design, Slovak Republic
  • Prof. Zoubida Laghrari Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, Morocco
  • Dr. Fares Laouacheria Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Laboratory of Soils and Hydraulic, Annaba, Algeria
  • Prof. Krzysztof Lejcuś Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Sławomir Ligęza University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Institute of Soil Science and Environment Shaping, Poland
  • Dr. Marta Lisiak-Zielińska Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
  • Dr. Mirko Liuzzo Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Italy
  • Prof. Svjetlana Lolić University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Assoc. Prof. Ramin Lotfi Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Maragheh, Iran
  • Assoc. Prof. Yufeng Luo Hohai University, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Nanjing, China
  • Prof. Andrzej Łachacz University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Poland
  • Dr. Jamal Mabrouki Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Science, Morocco
  • Dr. Nenad Malić EFT – Rudnik i Termoelektrana Stanari d.o.o., Stanari, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Assoc. Prof. Mateusz Malinowski University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Paweł Marcinkowski Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
  • Dr. Michał Marzec University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Dr. Grażyna Mastalerczuk Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Agriculture, Poland
  • Dr. Agnieszka Mąkosza West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Poland
  • Dr. Grzegorz Mikiciuk West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
  • Prof. Sarah Milton Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, United States
  • Dr. Florentina Mincu National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Bucharest, Romania
  • Assoc. Prof. Dariusz Młyński University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
  • Dr. Ali Mokhtar Cairo University, Egypt
  • Master Mohamed Moustafa Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
  • Assoc. Prof. Karol Mrozik Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
  • Prof. Lince Mukkun Nusa Cendana University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kupang, Indonesia
  • Dr. Gianina Necualu University of Bucharest, National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Romania
  • Dr. Yantus A.B. Neolaka Nusa Cendana University, Kupang, Indonesia
  • Dr. Arkadiusz Nędzarek West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Aquatic Sozology, Szczecin, Poland
  • Dr. Jadwiga Nidzgorska-Lencewicz West Pomeranian University of Technology, Work Group of Climatology and Atmospheric Protection, Szczecin, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Alicja Niewiadomska Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poland
  • Prof. Ljiljana Nikolić Bujanović University Union Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Serbia
  • Dr. Alessandra Nocilla Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
  • Prof. Vahid Nourani Tabriz University, Iran
  • Prof. Laftouhi Noureddine Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
  • Dr. Elida Novita University of Jember, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Indonesia
  • Dr. Sławomir Obidziński Bialystok University of Technology, Poland
  • Prof. Ryszard Oleszczuk Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
  • Prof. Beata Olszewska Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Agnieszka Operacz University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Poland
  • Dr. Wojciech Orzepowski Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
  • Dr. Andreas Pacholski Leuphana University of Luneburg, Institute of Ecology, Luneburg, Germany
  • Dr. Iwona Paśmionka University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Poland
  • Dr. Juan Patino-Martinez Maio Biodiversity Foundation (FMB), Cidade Porto Ingles, Cape Verde
  • Prof. Katarzyna Pawęska Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
  • Dr. Dušica Pešević University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Department of Ecology and Geography, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Assoc. Prof. Slaveya Petrova University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Conservation, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • Dr. Agnieszka Petryk Cracow University of Economics, Poland
  • Dr. Decho Phuekphum Suranaree University of Technology,School of Geotechnology, Institute of Engineering, Geological Engineering Program, Thailand
  • Dr. Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
  • Prof. Dariusz Piwczyński Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Animal Genetics, Poland
  • Prof. Karol Plesiński University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Poland
  • Prof. Joanna Podlasińska West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland
  • Prof. Cezary Podsiadło West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Agriculture, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Zbigniew Popek Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Paweł Popielski Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
  • Prof. Tatjana Popov University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Assoc. Prof. Dorota Porowska Warsaw University, Faculty of Geology, Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Poland
  • Dr. Anu Printsmann Tallinn University, Estonia
  • Dr. Grzegorz Przydatek State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Engineering Institute, Poland
  • Dr. Erik Querner Querner Consult, Wageningen, Netherlands
  • Dr. Anizar Rahayu Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Prof. Anabela Ramalho Durao Instituto Politecnico de Beja, Portugal
  • Assoc. Prof. Maimun Rizalihadi Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  • Assoc. Prof. Joanna Rodziewicz University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Roman Rolbiecki Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Poland
  • Dr. Tomasz Rozbicki Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
  • Dr. Michał Rzeszewski Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
  • Dr. Sadeq Salman Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
  • Assoc. Prof. Abdel-Lateif Abdel-Wahab Samak Menoufia University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering Department, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
  • Assoc. Prof. Saad Shauket Sammen Diyala University, Iraq
  • Dr. Seddiki Sara University of Science and Technology Oran – Mohamed Boudiaf, Algeria
  • Dr. Veronica Sarateanu Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Agriculture Faculty, Romania
  • Dr. Biju Sayed Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
  • Dr. Magdalena Senze University of Life Sciences in Wrocław, Department of Limnology and Fishery, Poland
  • Dr. Madina Serikova L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
  • Dr. Tamara Shevchenko O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Ukraine
  • Prof. Omar Shihab University of Anbar, Iraq
  • Dr. Kuo Shih-Yun Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
  • Dr. Mehrdad Shokatian-Beiragh University of Tabriz, Iran
  • Assoc. Prof. Edyta Sierka University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
  • Prof. Brbara Skowera University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Ecology, Climatology and Air Protection, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Monika Skowrońska University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Poland
  • Prof. Joaquín Solana-Gutiérrez Joaquín Solana-Gutiérrez, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
  • Dr. Jacek Sosnowski University of Siedlce, Poland
  • Prof. Tomasz Sosulski Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Division of Agricultural And Environmental Chemistry, Institut of Agriculture, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Waldemar Spychalski Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poland
  • Prof. Ryszard Staniszewski Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poland
  • Prof. Ryszard Staniszewski Poznan University of Life of Science, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poland
  • Prof. Matthew Stocker University of Maryland, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, College Park, MD, United States
  • Prof. Ljiljana Stojanović Bjelić Pan-European University “APEIRON”, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Master Sunčica Sukur University of Banja Luka, Department of Chemistry, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Prof. Wayan Suparta Menoreh University, Indonesia
  • Dr. Marta Sylla Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Spatial Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
  • Prof. Barbara Symanowicz Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Serhiy Syrotyuk Lviv National Agrarian University, Department of Energy, Ukraine
  • Prof. Szilard Szilard Szabo University of Debrecen, Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformation Systems, Hungary
  • Dr. Paulina Śliz Krakow University of Economics, Poland
  • Master Gabriella Tocchi University of Naples Federico II, Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, Italy
  • Prof. Serghiy Vambol Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture after P. Vasilenko, Ukraine
  • Dr. Irina Vaskina Sumy State University, Department of Applied Ecology, Ukraine
  • Dr. Luca Vecchioni University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Italy
  • Dr. Lorenzo Vergni Università di Perugia, Italy
  • Dr. Grzegorz Wałowski Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Wan Zakiah Wan Ismail Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Nilai, Malaysia
  • Prof. Qiao Wei China Agricultural University, College of Engineering, Beijing, China
  • Prof. Mirosław Wiatkowski Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Magdalena Wijata Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
  • Dr. Marta Wojewódka-Przybył Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
  • Dr. Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka Poznań Univeristy of Life Sciences, Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poland
  • Dr. Barbara Wróbel Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Bagyo Yanuwiadi Brawijaya University, Postgraduate Program of Environmental Science, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
  • Assoc. Prof. Ewelina Zając University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Land Reclamation and Environmental Development, Poland
  • Dr. Francisco Zavala-García Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Agronomía, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
  • Prof. Jarosław Zawadzki Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Construction, Hydrotechnics and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Elżbieta Zębek University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Law and Administration, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Agnieszka Ziernicka-Wojtaszek University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Department of Ecology, Climatology and Air Protection, Poland
  • Prof. Deki Zulkarnain Universitas Halu Oleo, Kota Kendari, Indonesia
  • Prof. Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland

Polityka antyplagiatowa


Plagiarism Policy

1. The Editorial Team of the “Journal of Water and Land Development” (JWLD) is strictly against any unethical act of copying or plagiarism in any form. According to Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) plagiarism is defined as: When somebody presents the work of others (data, words or theories) as if they were his/her own and without proper acknowledgement. Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All manuscripts submitted for publication to JWLD are cross-checked for plagiarism using iThenticate/Turnitin software.
2. Plagiarism is the unethical act of copying someone else's prior ideas, processes, results or words without explicit acknowledgement of the original author and source. Self-plagiarism occurs when an author utilises a large part of his/her own previously published work without using appropriate references. This can range from getting the same manuscript published in multiple journals to modifying a previously published manuscript with some new data.
3. Manuscripts found to be plagiarised (overall similarity index of the manuscript should not be more than 15% for research articles and 20% for review articles with a limitation of less than 3% similarity from any individual source) during initial stages of review are out-rightly rejected and not considered for publication in the journal. In case a manuscript is found to be plagiarised after publication, the Editor-in-Chief will conduct a preliminary investigation, may be with the help of a suitable committee constituted for the purpose.
4. If the manuscript is found to be plagiarised beyond the acceptable limits, the journal will contact the author's Institute / College / University and Funding Agency, if any. A determination of misconduct will lead JWLD to run a statement bi-directionally linked online to and from the original paper, to note the plagiarism and provide a reference to the plagiarised material.
5. The paper containing the plagiarism will also be marked on each page of the PDF. Upon determination of the extent of plagiarism, the paper may also be formally retracted.

Types of Plagiarism

The following types of plagiarism are considered by JWLD:

1. Full Plagiarism: Previously published content without any changes to the text, idea and grammar is considered as full plagiarism. It involves presenting exact text from a source as one's own.
2. Partial Plagiarism: If content is a mixture from multiple different sources, where the author has extensively rephrased text, then it is known as partial plagiarism.
3. Self-Plagiarism: When an author reuses complete or portions of their pre-published research, then it is known as self-plagiarism. Complete self-plagiarism is a case when an author republishes their own previously published work in a new journal.

JWLD respects intellectual property and aims at protecting and promoting original work of its authors. Manuscripts containing plagiarised material are against the standards of quality, research and innovation. Hence, all authors submitting articles to JWLD are expected to abide by ethical standards and abstain from plagiarism, in any form.

The authors must ensure that the submitted manuscript:
- describes completely the original work;
- is not plagiarism;
- has not been published before in any language;
- the information used or words from other publications are appropriately indicated by reference or indicated in the text.
Existing copyright laws and conventions must be observed. Materials protected by copyright (for example, tables, figures or large quotations) should only be reproduced with the permission of their owner.

In case, an author is found to be suspected of plagiarism in a submitted or published manuscript then, JWLD shall contact the author(s) to submit his/her/their explanation within two weeks, which may be forwarded to the special commission constituted for the purpose, for further course of action. If JWLD does not receive any response from the author within the stipulated time period, then the Director / Dean / Head of the concerned College, Institution or Organization or the Vice Chancellor of the University to which the author is affiliated shall be contacted to take strict action against the concerned author.

JWLD shall take serious action against published manuscripts found to contain plagiarism and shall completely remove them from the JWLD website and other third party websites where the paper is listed and indexed. The moment, any article published in the JWLD database is reported to be plagiarised, JWLD will constitute a special commission to investigate the same. Upon having established that the manuscript is plagiarised from some previously published work, JWLD shall support the original author and manuscript irrespective of the publisher and may take any or all of the following immediate actions or follow the additional courses of actions*:

1. JWLD editorial office shall immediately contact the Director / Dean / Head of the concerned College, Institution or Organization or the Vice Chancellor of the University to which the author(s) is (are) affiliated to take strict action against the concerned author.
2. JWLD shall change the PDF copy of the published manuscript from the website and the term Retraction shall be appended to the published manuscript title.
3. JWLD shall disable the author account with the journal and reject all future submissions from the author for a period of 03 / 05 / 10 years or even ban the authors permanently.

*Any additional courses of action, as recommended by the commission or as deemed fit for the instant case or as decided by the Editor-in-Chief, implemented from time to time.

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