Nauki Biologiczne i Rolnicze

Journal of Water and Land Development

Zawartość

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2026 | No 68

Abstrakt

This study presents a two-dimensional novel mathematical model to investigate the long-term evolution of sediment transport and meander migration in a low-gradient alluvial reach. The model integrates Saint-Venant shallow water equations and Exner sediment continuity equation with an empirical bank erosion module based on excess shear stress. Historical reach centrelines (2000–2024) from Landsat imagery and advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer digital elevation models (ASTER DEMs) were used to calibrate and validate the model against observed planform changes. Model calibration involved adjustment of hydraulic roughness (n = 0.035–0.045), sediment transport coefficients and erosion thresholds. Validation yielded strong agreement with observed data (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) = 0.82, root mean square error (RMSE) = 5.4 m, coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.89). The simulations of future scenarios (2025–2100) showed that there are morphological changes that are quantifiable such as the increase in the meander wavelength (12%), sinuosity (9%), and the lateral migration rates up to 3.7 m∙y−1 with intensified flow and reduced sediment supply. Sensitivity analysis confirmed high responsiveness of channel shape to changes in slope, discharge and bank erodibility. Results suggest downstream migration and localised bank retreat are likely under climate and land-use change impacts, with implications for infrastructure planning and river management. The model provides a robust tool for predicting river morphological evolution and supports sustainable decision-making.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Riyadh Alsultani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Raad Falih Hasan
2

  1. University of Babylon, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Najaf St, Engineering building 12, 51001, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
  2. Middle Technical University, Anbar Technical Institute, Civil Engineering Department, Al-Jami’ah District 631-50, 10011, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstrakt

Due to the growing interest in sustainable and environmentally friendly construction materials, biopolymers are increasingly being explored and applied for soil stabilisation in geotechnical engineering. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three commonly used biopolymers—xanthan gum, chitosan, and carboxymethylcellulose—added at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3% by soil weight to improve the physical properties of heavy sandy clay loam. The influence of varying water saturation levels on the stability and performance of treated soils was also investigated. Laboratory tests included determination of soil plasticity, natural water content, consistency limits, and sorption behaviour using the vapour equilibrium technique with saturated sodium chloride and potassium chloride solutions. The results indicate significant improvements in Atterberg limits, particularly plasticity and liquid limits, reflecting enhanced cohesion and structural integrity. Moisture retention characteristics were strongly dependent on environmental humidity and salt solution type. The study confirms that biopolymers are effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly additives for improving soil performance in engineering applications.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Zhanar Kusbergenova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Assel Tulebekova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka K. Dąbska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aliya Aldungarova
3
ORCID: ORCID
Baurzhan Yessenzholov
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Department of Civil Engineering, Satpayev St, 2, 010008 Astana, Kazakhstan
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Department of Hydro-Engineering and Hydraulics, Nowowiejska St, 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
  3. International Education Corporation, LLP, 050043 Almaty, Kazakhstan
  4. Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Department of Mining, Construction and Ecology, Abay St, 76, 020000 Kokshetau, Kazakhstan

Abstrakt

Agricultural activity has historically and continues to contribute to climate change, necessitating significant changes in crop production technologies to reduce CO2 emissions and enhance carbon sequestration in soils. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different agricultural practices on soil carbon sequestration and their implications for climate change mitigation. The effects of conventional tillage and two conservation systems—no-till and strip-till—on soil properties were analysed from a climate perspective. The results demonstrated that reduced tillage systems, particularly no-till, increased total organic carbon (TOC) content and organic carbon lability (L) compared to conventional cultivation. Crop type significantly influenced TOC levels, increasing in the order: sugar beet < maize < winter wheat < winter rape. Soil quality indicators, including the carbon pool index (CPI), carbon management index (CMI), and lability index (LI), followed similar trends to TOC and L. Higher indicator values in no-till and strip-till systems confirm the benefits of conservation agriculture for improving soil quality and enhancing carbon storage, thereby supporting climate change mitigation strategies.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Barbara Gworek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aneta Helena Baczewska-Dąbrowska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Arkadiusz Artyszak
3
ORCID: ORCID
Izabela Samson-Bręk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Dmuchowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute, Słowicza St, 32, 02-170 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden – Center for Conservation of Biological Diversity, Prawdziwka St, 2, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland
  3. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Agriculture, Nowoursynowska St, 159, build. 37, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland

Abstrakt

Assessing soil quality is essential for sustainable land use and agricultural productivity, particularly in the case of degraded, sandy, or low-organic-matter soils that suffer from poor water retention and reduced biological activity. One promising tool in this context is the Dexter soil quality index (S-index), which focuses on the relationship between volumetric water content and soil structure stability. Unlike general soil quality indices (SQI) that often integrate chemical or biological indicators, the S index offers a more physically grounded and quantifiable parameter for evaluating soil physical quality and water availability. It is particularly valuable for monitoring changes following organic amendments such as sewage sludge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sewage sludge application on the Dexter S-index, as an indicator of improved soil usability in terms of volumetric water content and retention capacity. The research was based on controlled pot experiments involving three mineral soil types: sandy- loam clay, loose sand, and clayey silt. Each soil type was amended with sewage sludge at rates equivalent to 50, 100, and 200 Mg∙ha−1. The results showed a clear increase in the S-index with increasing sludge doses across all soil types. The greatest relative improvements were observed in light-textured soils (0.042), where the original S values were lowest (0.018). This confirms the positive effect of sewage sludge on enhancing soil structure and water availability, particularly in sandy soils with inherently low retention capacity.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Agnieszka Petryk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Ryczek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Czop
3
ORCID: ORCID
Edyta Kruk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Guzdek
4
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof J. Chmielowski
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Krakow University of Economics, College of Public Economy and Administration, Department of Spatial Management, Rakowicka St, 27, 31-510 Kraków, Poland
  2. University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Mickiewicza Ave, 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  3. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Akademicka St, 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  4. Krakow University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Warszawska St, 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
  5. AGH University, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Mickiewicza Ave, 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Abstrakt

Groundwater quality assessment is vital for ensuring water security, sustainable agriculture, and the well- being of the local communities in arid and semi-arid regions. This research aims to evaluate the suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation in the Tolon District, Northern Region of Ghana, using various irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs), including sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), potential salinity (PS), permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH), total hardness (TH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and specific ion toxicity integrated with the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method. The IDW interpolation method in ArcGIS was used to plot spatial distribution maps of IWQIs. Twelve physicochemical parameters taken from 97 wells, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca2+, Na2+, K+, Mg2+, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, CO32−, and HCO3−, were analysed. The study revealed that several parameters, such as EC, TDS, SAR, PS, PI, RSC, Na, K, and Cl, indicate that 82, 89, 98, 83.6, 44, 87.7, 80, 57, and 85% of samples, respectively, range from good to excellent quality during the rainy season. In addition, the MH index indicates that 82% of the samples are suitable for irrigation use. The IWQIs can help decision-makers and farmers identify sustainable groundwater-based irrigation regions.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ezeldin I. Nogara
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maxwell Anim-Gyampo
2
ORCID: ORCID
Richard A. Osei
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University for Development Studies, West African Center for Water, Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA), Tamale, P.O. Box TL 1882, Ghana
  2. University for Development Studies, Department of Geological Engineering, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1882, Ghana
  3. University for Development Studies, School of Engineering, Department of Environment, Water and Waste Engineering, Tamale P.O. Box TL1350, Ghana

Abstrakt

Selecting optimal turf varieties is crucial for the sustainable management of urban green areas. This study focused on enhancing the overall quality and resilience of urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas. It aimed to assess the aesthetic acceptability of perennial ryegrass turf irrigated with greywater. Sand pots containing perennial ryegrass were irrigated with semi-natural greywater and tap water at two irrigation levels of 15 and 30 mm∙week−1 to examine their effects on aesthetic properties. The experiment included two variations: with and without fertilisation. The study objectives were evaluated using a visual aesthetic scale and by measuring the total dry and wet mass yield of ryegrass. While the aesthetic properties of the grass were found to be relatively low, they were deemed acceptable. The presence of fertilisation had significant impacts on both aesthetic properties and biomass yield. The experiment demonstrated that perennial ryegrass can be cultivated effectively at relatively low irrigation levels, even in soil lacking an organic fraction. The results indicate the possibility of maintaining this type of vegetation in the form of green roofs and vegetative swells. In the case of sandy soil lawns, their purpose should not include intensive trampling due to relatively poor rooting and low soil stability. These findings underscore the potential for sustainable landscaping practices that incorporate greywater irrigation and highlight the importance of considering various factors to optimise aesthetic appeal and productivity of green spaces.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marcin Spychała
1
ORCID: ORCID
Martyna Dwojewska
2
Waldemar Zielewicz
3
ORCID: ORCID
Zuzanna Sawinska
4
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Chmielowski
5
ORCID: ORCID
Wiktor Halecki
6
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Nieć
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, Wojska Polskiego St, 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
  2. Sanbud Sp. z o.o., Szarych Szeregów St, 25, 60-462 Poznań, Poland
  3. Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
  4. Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Agronomy, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
  5. AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Gas Engineering, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
  6. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska, 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland

Abstrakt

Hydrographic surveys must comply with the IHO S-44 standard. For the most stringent orders (Exclusive, Special, and 1a), 100% seafloor coverage is required, posing challenges in shallow waters near the 1 m isobath. Recent advancements in unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) and the miniaturisation of hydroacoustic devices now enable high-precision surveys even in hard-to-access areas. This study presents an analysis of bathymetric data coverage and density obtained using singlebeam echosounders (SBES) and multibeam echosounders (MBES) systems mounted on unmanned surface vehicle (USVs). The SBES survey employed the AutoDron USV, while MBES data were collected with the HydroDron-1 USV. Coverage analysis used a 1×1 m grid. The results reveal significant differences between the two systems. The MBES achieved an average density of 7.71 pts∙m−2 (>94% of grid cells meeting the NOAA- recommended minimum of 5 pts∙m−2). Data of MBES also exhibited uniform coverage, supporting the development of high-resolution bathymetric models. By contrast, SBES produced an average density of only 0.69 pts∙m−2, with a sparse and irregular point distribution. Only 1.79% of grid cells met the recommended threshold, while 63.79% contained no data. Nevertheless, SBES proved effective in the very shallow nearshore zone inaccessible to MBES. To achieve full coverage in compliance with International Hydrographic Organization’s requirements, complementary methods such as bathymetric light detection and ranging, Global Navigation Satellite Systems-real time kinematic surveys, or structure from motion photogrammetry are essential. Integrating these technologies is required to produce reliable and complete seafloor models.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Oktawia Specht
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdynia Maritime University, Department of Transport, Morska St, 81–87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland

Abstrakt

This study evaluates and compares four algorithms: maximum likelihood classification (MLC), minimum distance classifier (MDC), parallelepiped classifier (PPC), and k-means clustering, on their performance in detecting change of vegetation cover from multi-temporal Landsat images in Raub District, Malaysia in 2000–2020. The accuracy assessment is based on 150 stratified random points using overall accuracy (OA), user’s accuracy (UA), producer’s accuracy (PA), and kappa coefficient (KC). MLC resulted as the most accurate for all the years with OA ranging from 86.8 to 92.7% and kappa values between 0.79 and 0.86; besides it was found to be better for distinguishing some spectrally similar land covers such as oil palm (UA = 90%; PA = 90–100%) and rubber plantation (UA = 70–90%; PA = 100%). The k-means result has moderate accuracy with KC values ranging from 72.0 to 85.3% but this method mostly confused open grassy area with sparse forest area. MDC and PPC did not perform well; OA got as low as 47.6%. Moreover, high omission error was found in PPC when certain classes were absolutely omitted in a particular year. Dense forest decline was more than 27% (115,000–118,200 ha in 2000 to 83,500–86,100 ha by 2020), accompanied by about an 88% increase in areas under oil palm plantations. Open grassy areas doubled. The overall classification performances ranged best to poorest as: MLC > k-mean > MDC > PPC. These findings validate that MLC is the most dependable method for instituting policy-relevant monitoring over highly heterogeneous tropical landscapes while k-means delivers a rapid prelude and MDC/PPC are options with limited data or computational constraints.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Siti Salwa Shapiaai
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kean Hua Ang
1

  1. University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Geography, Lingkungan Budi, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstrakt

This research intends to build a 3-D flow model of a section of the spillway chute at Tigadihaji Dam under the spillway design flood with a 1000-year return period, to investigate flow behaviour and the potential of cavitation damage using a numerical model in Ansys Fluent. The numerical model is validated against a physical model, and the impact of the aerator on the chute is also assesses. The research parameters are velocity, pressure, and cavitation number, obtained from the measurements at 16 points along the chute. The methodology consists of modelling and validation. The modelling was carried out for the chute and the chute with an aerator. The validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, based on pressure data, produced a determination coefficient (R2) of about 0.97. It shows that the CFD model is very good in presenting the trend and fluctuation of physical data. The cavitation analysis at Q1000 indicates a moderate risk in chuteway-3 and a high risk in chuteway-4. To mitigate this, a deflector–offset aerator was installed at the slope transition from 1:35 to 1:1.5. The simulation results reveal an increase of up to 0.1 in the cavitation index, with improvements extending about 20 m downstream of the aerator. Nevertheless, the offset section on the milder curved profile limited performance due to incomplete aeration.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marojahan L. Gaol
1
Pitojo T. Juwono
2
ORCID: ORCID
Very Dermawan
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dian Sisinggih
2
ORCID: ORCID
Lily M. Limantara
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Brawijaya, Doctoral Program in Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Engineering, Jl. MT Haryono No. 167, 65145 Malang, Indonesia
  2. University of Brawijaya, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Water Resources, Jl. MT Haryono No. 167, 65145 Malang, Indonesia
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Abstrakt

The objective of the present study is to draw attention to the problem of protecting alkaline fens (EU habitat 7230) and related plant species. The distribution, habitat conditions and vegetation structure of the phytocoenoses in which protected species diagnostic of eutrophic low-sedge alkaline fens of the Caricion davallianae alliance occurred in the area of PLB060001 Bagno Bubnów were therefore described. The findings of the research conducted in the years 2021–2022 enabled the identification of factors that pose a threat to their occurrence. The following species were documented: Epipactis palustris (44 locations), Carex davalliana (25), Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum (3), Pedicularis palustris (1), Pinguicula vulgaris subsp. bicolor (1), Tofieldia calyculata (1). The species under study exhibit a diverse ecological spectrum. They occurred in diverse phytocoenoses, usually in Molinion meadows or Scheuchzerio-Carcietea nigrae low-sedge alkaline fens and were predominantly recorded on eutrophic, organic or mineral-organic, neutral or alkaline soils. The C:N ratio ranging from 12.20 to 13.55 on average, with high calcium content, and high level of base saturation which indicates eutrophic soils with advanced mineralisation and humification of organic matter. An analysis of the syntaxonomic structure of the examined phytocoenoses and soil conditions has revealed a potential risk of habitat loss due to drying out. The PCA revealed that moisture is a key element in maintaining protected species of alkaline fens and exerts a fundamental influence on the phytosociological variability of the investigated phytocoenoses of PLB060001 Bagno Bubnów site.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Dorota Sienkiewicz-Paderewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Paderewski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Agriculture, Nowoursynowska St, 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstrakt

Forest fires are a major environmental hazard that threatens ecosystems and biodiversity, especially in Mediterranean regions like northern Jordan. These regions are particularly vulnerable due to their climatic characteristics, vegetation composition, and seasonal dryness, which increase the impact of forest fires. This study assesses the impact of the Yarmouk Forest Reserve fire, which occurred on May 14, 2022, using satellite-derived digital indices. The Yarmouk Forest Reserve represents an important natural ecosystem, making the assessment of fire impacts essential for environmental monitoring and management. Landsat-8 imagery was analysed using geographic information system (GIS) tools to calculate multiple indices: the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), transformed vegetation index 2 (TVI2), land surface temperature (LST), modified bare soil index (MBI), and normalised burn ratio index (NBRI). These indices are widely used to detect changes in vegetation condition, surface characteristics, and burn severity before and after fire events. The greatest observed change was in LST, where the maximum temperature increased from 29.2°C to 37.5°C, indicating a clear thermal response to the fire event. Vegetation indices showed minor declines, with NDVI decreasing from 0.42 to 0.41, reflecting limited but detectable changes in vegetation cover. The burned area showed a noticeable increase in bare soil and burn severity, as indicated by changes in soil-related and burn-specific indices. These results underscore the need for precise, localised fire impact assessments and suggest integrating multi-temporal high-resolution data for future studies to improve the accuracy of fire impact analysis and environmental recovery monitoring.
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Bibliografia

  • Alshraifat, H., & Al-Bilbisi, H. (2026). Assessing the impact of the Yarmouk Forest Reserve fire on digital natural indices.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hashem Alshraifat
1
Hussam Al-Bilbisi
2

  1. Ministry of Education, Khaled Bin Ahmad St, 165, 00000, Doha, Qatar
  2. University of Jordan, Department of Geography, Queen Rania St, 45, 11942, Amman, Jordan

Abstrakt

In the context of climate change, the frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution of drought events have become a critical area of research. Water scarcity can restrict plant development, reduce yields, and, under severe conditions, lead to total crop failure. This study investigates the occurrence and frequency of drought events in Skierniewice, central Poland, over the past 100 years (1923–2022), using historical meteorological data. Drought assessment was conducted using the standardised precipitation index (SPI), hydrothermal coefficient (HTC), thermal-precipitation index (Ped drought index) and climatic water balance (CWB). Based on the SPI classification, 34 dry years were identified during the study period. However, linear correlation analysis did not reveal statistically significant trends in SPI values over time, either on an annual basis or for individual months of the growing season. In contrast, correlation analyses of HTC and CWB values across the growing season showed a statistically significant negative linear trend for August, indicating increasing precipitation deficits during this month. Across all months, more periods are classified as dry according to HTC compared to SPI and Ped index, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this index to drought conditions. In the context of Skierniewice, the adopted HTC and CWB thresholds appear to accurately reflect drought conditions during spring and summer but may be overly restrictive for the later part of the growing season. Regardless of the index or classification criteria applied, droughts in Skierniewice have occurred relatively frequently, with severe events recorded both in the early and recent decades of the study period.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Waldemar Treder
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Klamkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Tryngiel-Gać
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Wójcik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Stępień
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja St, 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, retired

Abstrakt

This paper provides an overview of the status of bathing waters in Poland in the context of the requirements of Bathing Water Directive (BWD) (Directive 2006/7/EC) on managing water quality for bathing. The source material comes from the reports of the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate. The paper contains characteristics of the state and threats of bathing areas in Poland concerning water quality and their organisation in the period 2010–2024 against the background of the hydro-meteorological situation. BWD-compliant bathing areas have been organised in Poland since 2011, and their number has only positively changed since 2018, following the restriction of the duration of sites occasionally used for bathing to 30 days per calendar year. Bathing areas located at lakes dominate in Poland. The assessment of bathing water quality for 2010–2024 showed that 70% of bathing waters are suitable throughout the bathing season (from June to September). The main reason for temporary bathing bans is blue-green algae blooms, mainly in lakes. There is a tendency for an increase in the proportion of bathing areas with temporary bathing prohibitions, accompanied by an increase in average air temperature in Poland during the summer season (from June to August). The proportion of bathing bans due to Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli exceedances in bathing waters is increasing. The apparent increase in the proportion of bathing areas with temporary bathing prohibitions in Poland does not affect the decrease in the number of sites with excellent water quality, which is stable at around 70% with a slight upward trend.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ewa Kaznowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Wasilewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mariusz Barszcz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Nowoursynowska St, 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland

Abstrakt

The striped mealybug (Ferrisia virgata Cockerell) is an agricultural pest that infests mango trees by feeding with its mouthparts, thereby impairing tree structure. Mealybugs can spread rapidly and form waxy masses on mango fruits, twigs, and leaves, reducing their nutritional, marketing, commercial, and export value. The present work evaluated the detrimental impacts of F. virgata on the vegetative growth features, mineral element levels, flowering characteristics, yield, and fruit quality in six mango cultivars. The findings demonstrated that F. virgata populations were present year-round on all six mango cultivars. Resistance to F. virgata varied significantly among the cultivars. The ‘Zebda’ mango cultivar was the most affected by F. virgata and showed the poorest vegetative growth, with the lowest levels of K, Ca, Zn, Mn, and Cu, and the lowest for flowering, yield, and fruit quality traits (physical and chemical), except for fruit acidity, as compared to the other mango cultivars tested. Conversely, the highest leave concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron were recorded in ‘Zebda’, and these minerals may be associated with the increased prevalence of mealybugs in this cultivar. The heatmaps provide strong evidence that mealybug infestation is a major limiting factor for mango production in these cultivars. Selecting a mealybug-resistant cultivar (‘Taimour’) appears to be a crucial strategy for enhancing mango yield and fruit quality, as this cultivar also exhibits superior growth and nutrient status.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Moustafa M.S. Bakry
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammed S. Hammad
2
ORCID: ORCID
El-Nouby H. Salem
3
ORCID: ORCID
Rania M. Taha
4
ORCID: ORCID
Eman F.M. Tolba
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Scale Insects and Mealybugs Research, Nady El-Sayied St, 7, Dokki, 12619 Giza, Egypt
  2. Qena University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 83523 Qena, Egypt
  3. Aswan University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Horticulture, 81528 Aswan, Egypt
  4. Minia University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, 61519 Minia, Egypt
  5. New Valley University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 72511 New Valley, Egypt

Abstrakt

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are significant factors driving ecological shifts and landscape fragmentation. However, most predictive frameworks rarely integrate spatial simulations with structural landscape interpretations, particularly in tropical watersheds. This study presents an integrated cellular automata–artificial neural network (CA–ANN) framework coupled with landscape metrics to predict future fragmentation in the Bila Watershed, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Multi-temporal Landsat data (2012, 2018, 2024) were classified, and future scenarios for 2030 and 2036 simulated. Five landscape metrics were computed, including number of patches (NP), largest patch index (LPI), edge density (ED), proportion of landscape (PLAND), and Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI). The CA–ANN model achieved high predictive performance (overall kappa (koverall) = 0.94, overall accuracy (OA) = 96.19%). From 2012 to 2036, forest cover (PLAND) declined (from 56 to 51%), the landscape’s LPI decreased (from 54.93 to 50.48), and SHDI increased (from 1.241 to 1.323), indicating growing heterogeneity and declining core forest dominance. Concurrently, NP (from 295 to 552) and ED (from 0.0019 to 0.0033 m∙ha–1) for dryland agriculture surged, indicating intensified patch proliferation in agricultural zones. The cumulative conversion of 5,690 ha of forest and shrubland into agriculture, mainly in the upper and accessible terrains, emerged as the dominant structural driver. By linking predictive accuracy with ecological structure, this framework enhances LULC modelling for landscape planning, risk assessment, and sustainable watershed management. Fully reproducible with open-source Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the approach supports Sustainable Development Goal 15 (“Life on land”).

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Reza Asra
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmad Munir
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hazairin Zubair
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mahmud Achmad
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hasanuddin University, Doctoral Program, Department of Agricultural Science, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan, KM. 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
  2. Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang, Department of Agrotechnology, Jalan Angkatan, 45 No. 1A, Lautang Salo Rappang, Sidenreng Rappang, South Sulawesi, 91651, Indonesia

Abstrakt

In the era of the climate crisis, the availability of drinking water is becoming a growing concern. In Poland and in the world, rivers and water reservoirs used for drinking water abstraction and treatment are increasingly drying up. Drought is forcing greater reliance on groundwater, which often requires aeration during treatment to enable the removal of dissolved iron and manganese compounds. Therefore, this article presents the results of tests on the effectiveness of groundwater aeration in a PVC pipe aerator packed with steel Białecki rings. The tested pipe aerator was made according to patent PL 235924 B1. The article presents a critical literature review, the research methodology, an evaluation of measurement accuracy, an analysis of groundwater aeration performance, as well as an assessment of energy efficiency (eQ) of the investigated pipe aerator. A nomogram was developed for design purposes to determine the air flow rate (Qa) required in the pipe aerator depending on the desired oxygen content dissolved in the water aerated in the PVC pipe aerator. The investigations showed that the lowest oxygen dissolution occurred at Qa = 0.5 m3∙h−1, and the highest at Qa = 3.0 m3∙h−1, both for the rings with diameters of 12 mm and 25 mm.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marek Kalenik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Morawski
1
Marek Chalecki
2
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Wichowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Kiczko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Chmielowski
3
ORCID: ORCID
Kamil Świętochowski
4
Joanna Gwoździej-Mazur
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Hydraulics, Water and Sanitary Engineering, Nowoursynowska St 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Civil Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Building Structures, Nowoursynowska St 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  3. University of Science and Technology in Krakow – AGH, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Department of Gas Engineering, Adama Mickiewicza al. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  4. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Department of Information Science and Environment Quality Research, Nowowiejska St 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
  5. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Wiejska St 45E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland

Abstrakt

This study investigates heavy metal contamination in water sources in Shafa Badran, Jordan, focusing on Pb, Cd, and bromate (BrO3). Over a 12-month period, water samples were collected monthly from 22 sites representing industrial, agricultural, residential, and urban runoff zones. The concentrations of Pb (25 μg∙dm−3), Cd (5 μg∙dm−3), and BrO3− (1.48 μg∙dm−3) exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, indicating significant contamination risks. To identify contamination sources, principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) were used to reduce data complexity and reveal patterns. These methods identified strong correlations between high levels of Pb and Cd with industrial zones, while BrO3 levels were linked to urban runoff and water treatment processes. Spatial contamination patterns were mapped using inverse distance weighting (IDW), which identified contamination hotspots in industrial and agricultural zones, reinforcing statistical findings. A random forest (RF) model was applied to predict contamination levels, with cross-validation (10-fold) showing moderate accuracy for Pb and promising results for Cd and BrO3−. The RF model highlighted key predictors of contamination, such as industrial discharge and agricultural runoff. The findings emphasise the critical role of industrial discharges and agricultural runoff in heavy metal contamination in Shafa Badran’s water sources. These insights are essential for directing targeted remediation efforts and improving water quality management strategies in urbanising regions.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Omar Asad Ahmad
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Amman Arab University, Collage of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Jordan Street – Mubis, P.O. Box, 2234, Amman 11953, Jordan

Abstrakt

Early yield prediction is essential for optimising fruit crop management. This study evaluates three machine learning models—random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and support vector machines (SVM)—to predict peach (‘N48-52’) yields across four tree levels using non-destructive pre-bloom architectural measurements. Data on structural dimensions, fruit count, and weight were collected in 2019, 2021, and 2022. Eighty percent of the dataset was used for model training and 20% for validation. The results showed that SVM performed best for the third level (R2 = 0.91), while RF achieved the highest accuracy for the first, second, and fourth levels (R2 = 0.79, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively). Additional data collected in 2023 were used to further validate model stability and accuracy. The models maintained strong predictive performance with R2 values of 0.9054, 0.7684, 0.8768, and 0.7964. A comparison between estimated and actual production showed statistically similar results at a significance level of α = 0.05, confirming the reliability of the proposed models for early yield prediction in peach orchards.

For fruit crop management to be optimised, early yield prediction is essential. In order to predict peach yields (‘N48-52’) across four tree levels using non-destructive, pre-bloom architectural measurements, this study assesses three machine learning (ML) models: random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and support vector machines (SVM). Structural dimensions, fruit count, and weight were among the data gathered in 2019, 2021, and 2022. In order to train the models, 80% of the dataset was used, and the remaining 20% was used for validation. According to the results, SVM performed best for the 3rd level (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.91), while RF was the most accurate for the 1st, 2nd, and 4th levels (R2 = 0.79, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively). To further enhance the accuracy of the proposed models, additional data points were randomly collected from different trees in 2023. These data included measurements of the complete path to a given level along with its fruit production, allowing for verification of the precision and stability of the proposed models. In 2023, the models maintained an accuracy of R2 = 0.9054, 0.7684, 0.8768, and 0.7964, respectively, for RF (1st level; 2nd level; 4th level) and SVM (3rd level). A comparison between the estimated production from the trees and the actual production showed a statistically similar result (accepted statistical error for the analysis of variance statistical test (α = 0.05).
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Abderrahim Zegoumou
1
Mohammed Ibriz
1
Zakariae El Housni
2
Badr Bounsir
1
Ayoub Ba-ichou
3
Chaymaa Lamini
3
Abdelaziz Ait Elkassia
4
Reda Meziani
5
ORCID: ORCID
Hicham Bouzelmate
6
ORCID: ORCID
Mustapha Fagroud
7
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ibn Tofail University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Vegetal, Animal and Agro Productions Industry, University Campus, P.O. Box 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
  2. Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 11201, Zitoune, 50000 Meknes, Morocco
  3. Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Computer Science, Lab TSI, P.O. Box 11201, Zitoune, 50000 Meknes, Morocco
  4. ENSAM of Rabat, Mohamed V University, Ave des Forces Armées Royales, P.O. Box 6207, 10100 Rabat, Morocco
  5. National Institute for Agronomic Research, CRRA, km 10 Haj Kaddour Rd, P.O. Box 578, 50000 Meknes, Morocco
  6. Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Biodiversity, Environment and Plant Protection Team, National Rd No. 13 (RN13), 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
  7. National School of Agriculture of Meknes, Department of Sciences and Techniques in Plant Production, km 10 Haj Kaddour Rd, P.O. Box S/40, 50001 Meknès, Morocco

Abstrakt

This study evaluated the Droogers and Allen modification of the Hargreaves model for estimating potential evapotranspiration (ETp), determining crop coefficients (kc), and assessing the water requirements of Catalpa bignonioides grown in row plantings on light soils. A field experiment ran from 2019 to 2022 at the Białe Błota forest nursery on sandy soil with limited water retention. Subsurface drip irrigation was applied in two variants based on soil water potential: W1 (−40 kPa) and W2 (−20 kPa). Meteorological data came from the Mochełek weather station. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was computed with the Hargreaves approach and converted to ETp using kc and shading-dependent correction factors (kr). Seasonal ETp under W1 ranged from 240.30 to 422.83 mm, whereas W2 produced higher totals of 251.83–455.46 mm. The kc coefficients differed between irrigation variants, most clearly during the first three years after planting, and were consistently higher under W2; this pattern continued in subsequent years. Correlation analysis between field water consumption and Hargreaves-based ETp showed very strong, highly significant relationships (r > 0.94 for July and r > 0.93 for June and August), confirming the robustness of the methodology. The derived kc values provide the first climate-criterion-based estimate of C. bignonioides water needs in central Poland and support irrigation scheduling for row-planted nursery species on light soils. Field water consumption (S) was determined using a soil water-balance method for the 0–60 cm soil layer. These parameters offer a straightforward framework for planning irrigation dates and doses in nurseries.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ariel Łangowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Roman Rolbiecki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland

Abstrakt

The depletion of natural nutrient resources, rising fertiliser production costs, and increasing environmental pressures have intensified interest in the recovery of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from waste streams. This review critically examines nutrient-rich waste streams and systematically evaluates key nutrient recovery technologies according to their technology readiness levels (TRL). The analysis distinguishes between well-established biological processes and emerging innovative methods. It also addresses a persistent research and implementation gap between rapid technological development and limited political, municipal, and infrastructural readiness for large-scale deployment, particularly within existing wastewater treatment systems. Particular attention is given to regulatory drivers, including EU Directive 2024/3019, which introduces stricter effluent limits of 10 mg N∙dm–3 and 0.7 mg P∙dm−3 for agglomerations with a population equivalent between 10,000 and 150,000. These requirements necessitate costly infrastructure modernisation and process adaptation. The review identifies infrastructural constraints as the main barrier to implementation. At the same time, it highlights opportunities for integrating multi-stage approaches to ensure both environmental safety and resource efficiency. Social and legal aspects are also evaluated, with particular emphasis on psychological resistance and the necessity of compliance with Regulation EU No. 2019/1009 as critical factors influencing market acceptance. By synthesising technological, regulatory, and economic perspectives, this review contributes to closing knowledge gaps in nutrient cycling and supports stakeholders in advancing circular economy (CE) principles within waste management systems.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Maja Owczarek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hanna Siwek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Department of Bioengineering, Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland

Abstrakt

Solar-powered membrane distillation for agricultural wastewater is limited by temperature polarisation and solar intermittency. This study evaluates stage temperature boosting – injecting low-grade agricultural waste heat at intermediate stages – in an eight-stage air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD) pilot operated at an agricultural research facility in the Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan). Under high irradiance (>800 W∙m−2), distillate flux increased by 88% from 6.5 ±0.4 to 12.2 ±0.6 kg∙m−2∙h−1 (n = 3, p < 0.001), and under low irradiance (<500 W∙m−2) from 2.8 ±0.3 to 9.1 ±0.5 kg∙m−2∙h−1 (n = 3, p < 0.001). Uptime (flux ≥80% of nominal) improved from 67 to 92%. Energy efficiency rose markedly: gained output ratio (GOR) increased by 161% from 3.1 ±0.3 to 8.1 ±0.5 (p < 0.001). Total specific energy consumption decreased by 62% to 145.0 ±11.4 kWh∙m−3, driven by lower thermal demand (specific thermal energy consumption, SECth: from 375 ±28 to 138 ±11 kWh∙m−3) with a modest electrical increase (specific electrical energy consumption, SECel: from 2.8 ±0.2 to 7.0 ±0.4 kWh∙m−3). Permeate quality remained high (total dissolved solids (TDS) rejection >99.5%; Escherichia coli not detected). By sustaining the thermal driving force and mitigating polarisation, stage temperature boosting couples solar input with site-available waste heat to deliver robust, energy- efficient water reclamation for agriculture.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Otabek Mukhitdinov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Doniyor Jumanazarov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Egambergan Khudoynazarov
3
ORCID: ORCID
Elyor Saitov
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Mechanical Engineering, 156 Shota Rustaveli St, Tashkent, 100121, Uzbekistan
  2. Urgench State University, Department of Physics, 14 Kh. Alimdjan St, 220100, Urgench, Uzbekistan
  3. Mamun University, 2 Bolkhovuz St, Khiva, 220900, Uzbekistan
  4. University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences, Department of Materials Science, 1 Gavkhar St, Tashkent, 100149, Uzbekistan

Abstrakt

The human impact, combined with the geomorphological, lithological, and climatic specificities of northern Morocco, makes the soils highly vulnerable to the risk of water erosion. The primary purpose of this research is to map and assess the soil water erosion vulnerability in the Boussekour watershed, located in the Rif Mountain chain in northern Morocco, by applying the erosion potential method (EPM) developed by Gavrilović. It is an approach that involves integrating, within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, six parameters involved in the erosive phenomenon: temperature, rainfall, slope, soil erodibility, current erosion, and soil protection. The input data necessary for applying this model were derived from satellite images, digital elevation models (DEMs), granulometric and physico-chemical analyses of soil samples, and local rainfall data. Results show that the high erosion class (from 20 to 40 Mg∙ha−1∙yr−1) is prevalent and acts on 45% of the watershed, while the low (from 5 to 10 Mg∙ha−1∙yr−1) and very low (from 0 to 5 Mg∙ha−1∙yr−1) erosion classes account for just 6.98% and 1.44% of the area, respectively. This result demonstrates that the Boussekour watershed is profoundly threatened by soil water erosion, and an effort ought to be made to promote operative soil conservation efforts.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Abdelhamid Tawfik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Issam Etebaai
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mustapha Ait Omar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Soukaina Ed-Dakiri
1
ORCID: ORCID
Morad Taher
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Faculty of Science and Technique, Al-Hoceima, Team of Applied Geosciences and Geological Engineering, Quartier M’haneche II, avenue 9 Avril, B.P. 2117, Tetouan, Morocco

Abstrakt

The rainfall records from twelve stations in Algeria were examined to assess the consistency of the time series and to identify any potential breaks or inhomogeneities. Instead of relying on a single method, four different statistical tests were applied: Pettitt, standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT), Buishand, and the Buishand range test. The analysis focused on annual totals. The objective was to identify periods when major changes might have happened and to judge how assess the strength of statistical evidence. For the longer records, such as St40405, St40406, St40414, St40415, St40418, and St40419, breaks were clearly detected. Test values were high and the p-values were very small, indicating stronger confidence in the results. In contrast, for the shorter series, St40423 and St40438, the signal was weak and less stable. This pattern is typical when the data record is short, as it is harder to draw firm conclusions. In a few cases, the break appeared at the very end of the series. This may reflect recent climate shifts, although it could also be the result of noise, and the cause is not always clear. When the results of all four tests were compared, at least two of them identified the same breakpoint for every station. This agreement strengthens the reliability of the detections and is consistent with earlier studies. Overall, the point is clear: rainfall series should be tested for consistency before trends are studied. Otherwise, the results of regional climate studies may be unreliable.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Amel Djouadi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Djamel Boudjemline
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Laboratory of Management and Water Treatment, Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Oran-Mohamed Boudiaf, BP 1505, El M’Naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria

Abstrakt

Introduction: Sidimpuan salak (Salacca sumatrana Becc.) plants as conservation plants can withstand erosion on slopes. Over time, it turns out that the physical environment of the soil on salak land still needs improvement to increase production. Materials and methods: An experimental method is used in the study. Stage I is the composting of salak. The treatments were as follows: P0 = chopped salak leaf stalks (control), P1 = chopped salak leaf stalks + manure, P2 = chopped salak leaf stalks + manure + polyacrylamide (PAM). Each treatment was repeated four times. In stage II the provision of integrated compost with PAM on the soil was completed using a factorial randomised block design with two treatment factors and three replications so that there are 12 treatment combinations and 36 experimental units. Results and discussion: The results of observations of the physical properties of compost are changes in temperature and colour of the compost. Composting in the fourth week can be observed that the physical properties of the compost experienced a decrease in temperature to 26.5°C. The decomposition process is concluded, resulting in a biologically stable and mature compost material. Conclusions: The results of the calculation of the erosion rate from the physical properties of the soil using the USLE method are the lowest at 6.77 Mg∙ha−1∙yr−1 (PAM 30 g + compost + manure). The use of integrated PAM compost has an effect on soil erosion and can reduce soil erosion lower than the tolerance erosion (7.125 Mg∙ha−1∙yr−1).
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yusriani Nasution
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rizky Amnah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Meiliana Friska
1
Rafika Amanda
1
ORCID: ORCID
Erin Alawiyah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ali Hardana
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Graha Nusantara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Street Sutan Soripada Mulia, 17 Batang Ayumi, 22712, Padangsidimpuan, Indonesia
  2. Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Addary Padangsidimpuan, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, T. Rizal Nurdin Street Km. 4.5 Sihitang, 22733, Padangsidimpuan, Indonesia

Abstrakt

The vast majority of large Haitian urban areas are coastal cities and draw their water from groundwater. Located downstream from their watersheds, these aquifers are receptacles for multiple downward materials, including oocysts, which threaten the One Health preservation. Cryptosporidiosis infection from livestock is one of the most important health issues. This study investigates the environmental contamination risk posed by Cryptosporidium oocysts from animal faeces in Les Cayes, Haiti, with a particular focus on water resources quality. A total of 129 stool samples from six animal species were collected, with Cryptosporidium coproantigens detected in 27 samples, supporting previous findings from the same locations. Groundwater samples from wells and boreholes also showed significant concentrations of Cryptosporidium oocysts. To better understand oocyst transmission from soil to groundwater, soil samples were analysed for granulometric properties, physico-chemical characteristics, and percolation behaviour. No oocysts were detected in leachates from percolation tests. This may be explained by the soil’s high content of fine particles, which likely interact with and retain oocysts. Environmental transmission was assessed through a tripartite analysis of water, soil, and seasonal climatic factors. These findings contribute to understanding Cryptosporidium transmission pathways and offer a foundation for environmental risk assessment and mitigation strategies in the perspective of a One Health approach.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ketty Balthazard-Accou
1 2 3
Evens Emmanuel
1 2 4
ORCID: ORCID
Max François Millien
4 5
ORCID: ORCID
Bénédique Paul
3 6 7
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Université Quisqueya, Laboratoire de Qualité de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (LAQUE), 218 Jean Paul II Ave, Haut de Turgeau, HT6113, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
  2. Université Quisqueya, Association Haïtienne Femmes, Science et Technologie (AHFST), 218 Jean Paul II Ave, Haut de Turgeau, HT6113, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
  3. Université des Antilles, UR 6-1 AIHP-GEODE Caraïbe, HT6113, Port-au-Prince, Pôle, Haiti
  4. Université Quisqueya, Espace Universitaire One Health, 218 Jean Paul II Ave, Haut de Turgeau, HT6113, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
  5. Université Quisqueya, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zoonoses et Intoxications Alimentaires (LAREZIA), 218 Jean Paul II Ave, Haut de Turgeau, HT6113, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
  6. Université Quisqueya, CREGED, 218 Jean Paul II Ave, Haut de Turgeau, HT6113, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
  7. Université Quisqueya, AgroUniQ Lab, 218 Jean Paul II Ave, Haut de Turgeau, HT6113, Port-au-Prince, Haiti

Abstrakt

Developing drought-tolerant rice varieties is crucial amid climate change, leading to an increased drought frequency and intensity. One strategy to address this issue is mutation breeding. This study was conducted from March to October 2024 to evaluate performance of M5 mutant genotypes of the irradiated G16 red rice line through two experiments. Experiment #1 examined morpho-physiological responses of several mutant genotypes to drought stress under pot culture in greenhouse conditions, investigating four mutant genotypes under three drought stresses (33%, 66%, and 100% field capacity). Experiment #2 evaluated the yield stability of 20 promising mutant genotypes and one comparison variety across three different growing locations (Sumbawa, West Lombok and East Lombok). The combined analysis of yield and stability was performed using Q-Basic and MS Excel. Greenhouse pot experiments evaluating morphological and physiological responses to drought showed genotype G15 (4-20-13) consistently accumulated the highest proline and maintained relatively high chlorophyll content under severe stress, while genotype G27 (16-9-4) preserved flag leaf length during drought and produced the highest grain yield. These complementary traits identify G15 and G27 as superior drought-tolerant candidates based on proline, chlorophyll content, flag leaf length, and yield. Multilocation Eberhart–Russell stability analysis indicated that genotypes G15 (4-20-13), G13 (11-16- 11), G15 (2-15-11), and G20 (8-3-5) had regression coefficients (βi) near 1 and low regression deviation (Sdi2), reflecting consistent yields across the three test sites and meeting criteria for broad adaptability and general stability. These results confirm their potential as red rice lines with stable performance across environments.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anak A.K. Sudharmawan
1
ORCID: ORCID
I.G.P. Muliarta Aryana
2
ORCID: ORCID
Wayan Wangiyana
1
ORCID: ORCID
Siti Raihanun
3

  1. University of Mataram, Graduate Program in Dryland Agriculture, Postgraduate School, Jalan Majapahit No. 62, Kecamatan Selaparang Mataram 83125 West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  2. University of Mataram, Faculty of Agriculture, Study Program of Agroecotechnology, Jalan Majapahit No. 62, Kecamatan Selaparang Mataram 83125 West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  3. University of Mataram, Student of the Graduate Program in Dryland Agriculture, Jalan Majapahit No. 62, Kecamatan Selaparang Mataram 83125 West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Abstrakt

Nickel slag presents strong potential as a soil improver for post-mining land reclamation, offering benefits across technical, economic, and social dimensions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of nickel slag in improving soil quality and supporting vegetation growth on nutrient-deficient overburden soils. Experimental results indicate that the incorporation of nickel slag enhances the availability of essential nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), and improved soil pH. These changes facilitate the growth of pioneer species (Melaleuca cajuputi) and cover crops (Centrosema pubescens), which are critical for early-stage revegetation.
Melaleuca cajuputi exhibited consistent height and leaf development across treatments, with optimal performance observed in media containing up to 40% nickel slag, even in the absence of topsoil. Meanwhile, Centrosema pubescens showed superior leaf production in a mixture of 80% nickel slag and 20% compost. From an economic perspective, the use of nickel slag reduced reclamation costs by up to 32%, primarily through decreased reliance on organic fertilisers, yielding an estimated cost efficiency of IDR 52,500,000 per hectare.
Socially, the innovation has received positive endorsement from experts and is considered environmentally safe. Furthermore, its application supports community empowerment through training and outreach programs. Overall, the utilisation of nickel slag aligns with the three pillars of sustainable development – environmental integrity, economic viability, and social inclusion – and offers a locally sourced, cost-effective strategy for systematic and responsible land reclamation.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Retno Dewi Handayani S
1
ORCID: ORCID
Suyud Warno Utomo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Irdika Mansur
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dwi Nowo Martono
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universitas Indonesia, School of Environmental Science, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 4, Central Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
  2. IPB University, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Jl. Raya Dramaga Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, 16680, West Java, Indonesia

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The ownership and management of the “Journal of Water and Land Development” (JWLD) belong to the Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute (https://www.itp.edu.pl/) and Polish Academy of Sciences (https://pan.pl/).

Editor-in-Chief – Professor Dr Hab. Mohamed Hazem KALAJI

Managing Editor – PhD, DSc, Associate Professor Adam BRYSIEWICZ


Authors’ duties


Authorship should be limited to individuals who have significantly contributed to the conception, project, execution, and interpretation of the results. All such contributors must be listed as co-authors. Other individuals who influenced key aspects of the study should be acknowledged or mentioned as co-workers. The author must ensure that all co-authors have been properly included, have reviewed and approved the final version of the paper, and have agreed to its submission for publication.

When it comes to changes in authorship, it is crucial that authors carefully consider the authorship list and order before the original submission, as changes are generally not considered by the editors of the “Journal of Water and Land Development” once the manuscript has been submitted. According to the journal’s policy, all authors must be listed in the manuscript and entered into the submission system. Any addition, removal, or rearrangement of authors should be made only prior to acceptance and only with the approval of the journal editor. Requests to change authorship must come from the corresponding author, who must provide a valid reason along with written confirmation from all authors, including those being added or removed, stating their agreement with the proposed changes. These requests must be submitted through a designated form (FORM), and those that fail to follow the instructions in the form will not be considered. Only under exceptional circumstances will changes be considered after acceptance. During the evaluation of such requests, publication may be paused. If approved after publication, changes will be documented through a corrigendum. Unauthorized changes to authorship may lead to rejection of the article.

Authors must disclose all sources of funding for their study, as well as the involvement of scientific institutions, associations, and any other entities. They must also disclose any significant conflicts of interest that could influence the outcomes or interpretation of the study.

In the case of applying AI and AI-assisted technologies in the work, the author is obliged to make a proper declaration within the manuscript. This declaration must include the name of the AI tool or service used and the reasons for its use. Importantly, AI cannot be credited as an author of the manuscript. Since texts generated with the use of AI may be fragmentary or incorrect, the author—who remains fully responsible for the entire submitted article—is obliged to carefully review any AI-generated content and make necessary corrections before submission.

Authors reporting original research should provide an accurate and detailed account of the work performed, along with an objective discussion of its significance. All source data must be accurately presented in the manuscript, and sufficient detail and references should be included to allow others to replicate the study. Deliberate falsification or misrepresentation is unethical and will not be tolerated by the editors.

Authors should also be ready to provide the raw data used in their study for editorial review if requested and must retain this data for a reasonable period after publication.

In terms of publication ethics, authors should not publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Simultaneous submission of the same paper to multiple journals is considered unethical and is prohibited.

Proper citation is essential; authors must always acknowledge and cite all works that influenced the development of the manuscript and confirm any use of other authors’ work.

If an author identifies a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work, it is their responsibility to promptly notify the Editorial Office.

Only original works should be submitted. Authors must ensure that all cited authors and quoted material are properly credited and referenced. Any instances of ghostwriting or guest authorship are considered forms of scientific misconduct and will be addressed accordingly, including notification of relevant authorities. All indications of scientific dishonesty or breaches of ethical standards will be thoroughly documented by the Editorial Office.

Editors’ duties

Editors assess submitted manuscripts solely based on their academic value, including significance, originality, validity of the study, and clarity, as well as their alignment with the journal’s focus. This evaluation is conducted without consideration of the authors' race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic background, nationality, religion, political beliefs, or affiliations. Editorial decisions regarding publication are independent of governmental policies or any external influences. The Editor-in-Chief of JWLD holds complete authority over the journal’s editorial content and the scheduling of its publication.

Editors refrain from utilising AI or AI-assisted technologies for decisions that require critical analysis or the formulation of substantive opinions. They and the editorial team will keep all information related to a submitted manuscript confidential, only sharing it with the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, relevant editorial advisers, and the publisher as necessary.

Editors and editorial board members will not use unpublished information from a submitted manuscript for personal research purposes without the explicit written permission of the authors. Any privileged information acquired during the manuscript review process will remain confidential and not be exploited for personal gain. In cases where there is a conflict of interest, such as competitive or collaborative relationships with authors, editors will recuse themselves and assign the manuscript to another editorial board member.

All manuscripts under consideration for publication will undergo peer review by at least two experts in the relevant field. The Editor-in-Chief will determine which manuscripts are published based on the validation of the work, its relevance to researchers and readers, feedback from reviewers, and adherence to legal standards regarding libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. The Editor-in-Chief may consult with fellow editors or reviewers in this decision-making process.

Additionally, journal editors may seek guidance on submitted papers beyond technical reviews, particularly regarding ethical concerns or issues involving data or materials accessibility. This advisory process typically occurs concurrently with the technical peer-review.

Reviewers’ duties

Peer review plays a crucial role in aiding editors with their decision-making and can also help authors enhance their manuscripts through communications facilitated by the editorial team.

If any reviewer feels unqualified to assess a manuscript or realises they cannot complete the review promptly, they should inform the editor and withdraw from the process.

All manuscripts reviewed must be regarded as confidential and should not be shared or discussed with anyone unless authorised by the editor.

Reviews need to be conducted impartially. Personal criticisms of the author are not acceptable. Reviewers should clearly articulate their opinions and back them up with solid reasoning.

Reviewers are also responsible for identifying relevant works that have not been referenced by the authors. Any claim that a finding, derivation, or argument has been previously noted should include the appropriate citation. Additionally, reviewers should inform the editor if they notice significant similarities or overlaps between the manuscript in question and any other published work they are aware of.

Reviewers must refrain from using AI to make decisions that require critical thinking or to form substantive opinions regarding the manuscript.

Any privileged information or insights gained during the peer review process must remain confidential and should not be exploited for personal gain. Reviewers should avoid evaluating manuscripts where there exist conflicts of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, or any other relationships with the authors, organizations, or institutions involved.

Editors treat any misconduct by reviewers with seriousness and will address any claims of confidentiality breaches.

Publishers’ duties

In instances of alleged or confirmed scientific misconduct, fraudulent publications, or plagiarism, the publisher will work closely with the editors to address the issue and amend the article in question. This may involve the swift publication of an erratum, a clarification, or, in the most serious cases, retraction of the affected work. Furthermore, alongside the editors, the publisher will take responsible measures to identify and prevent the publication of papers involving research misconduct, and will never condone or knowingly permit such misconduct to occur.

The publisher is dedicated to the ongoing availability and preservation of scholarly research and ensures accessibility by collaborating with organisations and maintaining a digital archive.

Corrections, retractions and updates after publication

Sometimes after an article has been published it may be necessary to make a change. This change will be made after careful consideration by the journal’s editorial team to make sure if there are grounds for these changes.

Aside from cases where a minor error is concerned, any necessary changes will be accompanied by a post-publication notice, which will be permanently linked to the original article. These changes can be in the form of a Correction notice, an Expression of Concern, a Retraction, and in rare circumstances, a Removal.

The purpose of linking post-publication notices to the original article is to provide transparency around any changes and to ensure the integrity of the scholarly record. Note that all post-publication notices are free to access from the point of publication.

Authors should notify us as soon as possible if they find errors in their published article, especially errors that could affect the interpretation of data or reliability of information presented. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure consensus has been reached between all listed co-authors prior to requesting any corrections to an article.

If, after reading the guidance, you believe a correction is necessary for your article, please contact the Editorial Office journal@itp.edu.pl.

Correction notice

A Correction notice will be issued when it is necessary to correct an error or omission, where the interpretation of the article may be impacted but the scholarly integrity or original findings remains intact.

A correction notice, where possible, should always be written and approved by all authors of the original article.

Please note that correction requests may be subject to full review, and if queries are raised, you may be expected to supply further information before the correction is approved.

Major and minor errors could be distinguished. For correction notices, major errors or omissions are considered changes that impact the interpretation of the article, but the overall scholarly integrity remains intact. Minor errors are considered errors or omissions that do not impact the reliability of, or the readers’ understanding of, the interpretation of the article.

Major errors are always accompanied by a separate correction notice. The correction notice should provide clear details of the error and the changes that have been made to the published version. Under these circumstances, Editorial team will:

  • correct the published online article;
  • issue a separate correction notice electronically linked back to the corrected version;
  • add a footnote to the article displaying the electronic link to the correction notice.

Minor errors may not be accompanied by a separate correction notice. instead, a footnote will be added to the article detailing to the reader that the article has been corrected.

Concerns regarding the integrity of a published article should be raised via email to the Editorial Office journal@itp.edu.pl.

Retractions

A Retraction will be issued where a major error (e.g., in the methods or analysis) invalidates the conclusions in the article, or where it appears research or publication misconduct has taken place (e.g., research without required ethical approvals, fabricated data, manipulated images, plagiarism, duplicate publication, etc.).

The decision will follow a full investigation by the journal’s editorial team. Authors and institutions may request a retraction of their articles if they believe their reasons meet the criteria for retraction.

Retractions are issued to correct the scholarly record and should not be interpreted as punishments for the authors.

The COPE guidance can be found here https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing

Retraction will be considered in cases where:

  • there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g., data fabrication or image manipulation) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error);
  • the findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper referencing, permission, or justification (e.g., cases of redundant or duplicate publication);
  • the research constitutes plagiarism;
  • the Editor no longer has confidence in the validity or integrity of the article;
  • there is evidence or concerns of authorship for sale;
  • citation manipulation is evident within the published paper;
  • there is evidence of compromised peer review or systematic manipulation;
  • there is evidence of unethical research, or there is evidence of a breach of editorial policies.
  • the authors have deliberately submitted fraudulent or inaccurate information.

Where the decision has been taken to retract an article, Editorial team will:

  • add “Retraction” on the published version of article;
  • issue a separate retraction statement, titled ‘Retraction: [article title]’, that will be linked to the retracted article.

Article removal

An Article Removal will be issued in rare circumstances where the problems cannot be addressed through a Retraction or Correction notice. Editorial team will consider removal of a published article in very limited circumstances where:

  • the article contains content that could pose a serious risk of harm if acted upon or followed;
  • the article contains content which violates the rights to privacy of a study participant;
  • the article is defamatory or infringes other legal rights;
  • an article is subject to a court order.

In the case of an article being removed from “Journal of Water and Land Development” website, a removal notice will be issued in its place.

Expressions of concern

In some cases, an Expression of Concern may be considered where concerns of a serious nature have been raised (e.g., research or publication misconduct), but where the outcome of the investigation is inconclusive or where due to various complexities, the investigation will not be completed for a considerable time. This could be due to ongoing institutional investigations or other circumstances outside of the journal’s control.

When the investigation has been completed, a Retraction or Correction notice may follow the Expression of Concern alongside the original article. All will remain part of the permanent publication record.

Expressions of Concern notices will be considered in cases where:

  • there is inconclusive evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors, but the nature of the concerns warrants notifying the readers;
  • there are well-founded concerns that the findings are unreliable or that misconduct may have occurred, but there is limited cooperation from the authors’ institution(s) in investigating the concerns raised;
  • there is an investigation into alleged misconduct related to the publication that has not been, or would not be, fair and impartial or conclusive;
  • an investigation is underway, but a resolution will not be available for a considerable time, and the nature of the concerns warrant notifying the readers;

The Expression of Concern will be linked back to the published article it relates to.

 

EDITORIAL PROCEDURE

Preliminary evaluation

All submitted manuscripts undergo an initial evaluation by the Editors to ensure they meet the requirements and editorial policy of the “Journal of Water and Land Development” (JWLD). Submissions that are incomplete or not formatted according to the journal’s guidelines will be returned to the authors with recommendations for correction. Upon successful registration on the editorial platform, authors will receive a reference number for their manuscript. The Editor-in-Chief or a designated Section Editor reviews every submission and assigns it a priority status, resulting in one of the following decisions: (a) the manuscript is forwarded directly for peer review; (b) the manuscript is returned to the authors with suggestions for revising the presentation of data; or (c) the manuscript is rejected. If the authors revise the manuscript adequately, it will be sent to at least two independent reviewers. This preliminary evaluation phase typically takes 1 week.

Authorship statement

As part of the submission process through the editorial platform, authors must confirm the originality of their work, validate the listed authorship, agree to copyright transfer, and accept the terms of the peer review process.

Conflict of interest

Authors are required to disclose any financial or personal relationships that could be viewed as potential conflicts of interest at the time of submission. This information is treated confidentially during the review process and does not influence editorial decisions. Similarly, reviewers and editors must disclose to the Editor-in-Chief any relationships that could be perceived as conflicts of interest in relation to a manuscript under review.

Review process

Manuscripts that pass the initial screening are sent to independent experts for peer review. The Editorial Office retains the right to select appropriate reviewers. Typically, reviewers return their feedback within 3–4 weeks of submission. Authors are expected to address and respond to all reviewer comments thoroughly.

The objective of the peer review is to provide a qualified evaluation of the manuscript’s scientific quality. Reviewers offer constructive feedback to help authors improve their work and enhance its suitability for publication. While confidential remarks to the editors are considered, comments intended to improve the manuscript should also be shared with the authors.

It is important to note that review times can vary depending on factors such as the availability and responsiveness of reviewers, the complexity of the manuscript, and the extent of revisions needed.

Acceptance

The review process at JWLD follows a double-blind model, ensuring that both the authors and reviewers remain anonymous. Manuscripts are accepted for publication only after receiving favourable recommendations from independent reviewers. Reviewers are asked to complete a standardised "Reviewer’s Questionnaire" and provide a clear recommendation regarding the manuscript’s suitability for publication.

If there is a significant difference of opinion among reviewers, the Editor-in-Chief may: (a) share all reviews among the reviewers for additional insight, (b) seek further opinions from additional reviewers, or (c) carefully weigh all feedback and make a balanced final decision. To support this process, reviewers are encouraged to provide detailed justifications for their recommendations. Reviews that clearly outline both strengths and weaknesses of the manuscript are especially valuable.

If a revised manuscript is submitted or if authors believe their arguments were misunderstood during review, reviewers may be asked for further comments. However, the Editorial Office is cautious about repeated reviewer contact to avoid undue pressure and will assess the necessity and relevance of any follow-up requests.

In the case of rejection, authors have the right to appeal if they believe the reviewers have misunderstood or overlooked key aspects of the manuscript. Editors will then evaluate whether the appeal justifies reconsideration.

Common reasons for rejection

Manuscripts may be rejected outright—without being sent for peer review—if they are of insufficient quality. Common reasons for rejection include:

  • A high Similarity Index detected by plagiarism detection software.
  • Absence of key components of a scientific manuscript.
  • Poor English language quality.
  • Incomplete or low-resolution figures and tables.
  • Non-compliance with the journal’s “Instructions for Authors.”
  • A topic of limited significance or relevance to the field.
  • Poor manuscript structure or missing sections.

Complaints and appeals

A complaint may arise over the conduct of editors and/or peer reviewers. Some possible reasons for complaints are:

  • intentional delay of reviewing process,
  • undisclosed conflicts of interest,
  • breach of confidentiality,
  • misuse of confidential information,
  • practical issues, such as unresponsive journal staff.

An appeal is a formal request to reconsider a decision taken by the journal. It might be related to decisions in regular journal operation (e.g. a manuscript being rejected) or to a verdict taken by a team investigating a particular situation (e.g. a published manuscript being retracted due to suspected data manipulation).

The authors submit a formal complaint/appeal to the journal principal contact by email or post (journal@itp.edu.pl). Within a week, the journal will form an investigation group consisting of at least three Editorial Team members (not previously involved in handling the manuscript in question) and report back their names and how they can be contacted.

The actual investigation time may vary depending on the complexity of the case. The investigation team provides fair opportunities to all parties involved to explain their motives and actions. The purpose of the investigation is to establish whether misconduct took place (as reported or in the light of new circumstances discovered), whether it was performed deliberately or as a genuine mistake, and to estimate the scale of its negative consequences.

Based on the facts collected, the investigation team decides on the corrective actions to be taken as well as whether some penalty is to be applied to the person who performed the misconduct. Depending on the misconduct severity, the penalty may range from a reprimand to an expulsion from the reviewer pool/editorial board and a report being sent to the institution to which the person in question is affiliated.

 The authors are informed about the investigation outcome upon its completion.

In its work, the investigation group relies on the recommendations and guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE): https://publicationethics.org/appeals

In complex cases, an external ethical advisor might be called for.

Guidance from COPE ( https://publicationethics.org/ ):

Ethical guidelines for peer reviewers (English)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.9


Sharing of information among editors-in-chief regarding possible misconduct
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.7


How to handle authorship disputes: a guide for new researchers
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2018.1.1


Text recycling guidelines for editors
URL: http://publicationethics.org/text-recycling-guidelines


A short guide to ethical editing for new editors
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.8

Guidelines for managing the relationships between society owned journals, their society, and publishers
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2018.1.2


Retraction guidelines
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.4


Procedura recenzowania

Reviewing procedure

Procedure of reviewing submitted papers agrees with recommendations of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education published in a booklet: „Dobre praktyki w procedurach recenzyjnych w nauce”.

Reviewing form may be downloaded from the Journal’s web page.

1. Papers submitted to the Editorial Office are primarily verified by editors with respect to merit and formal issues. Texts with obvious errors (formatting other than requested, missing references, evidently low scientific quality) will be rejected at this stage.

2. Primarily accepted papers are sent to the two independent referees from outside the author’s institution, who:

- have no conflict of interests with the author,
- are not in professional relationships with the author,
- are competent in a given discipline and have at least doctor’s degree and respective scientific achievements,
- have unblemished reputation as reviewers.

3. In case of papers written in foreign language, at least one referee is affiliated in a foreign institution other than the author’s nationality.

4. Reviewing proceeds in the double blind process (authors and reviewers do not know each other’s names) recommended by the Ministry.

5. A number is attributed to the paper to identify it in further stages of editorial procedure.

6. Potential referee obtains summary of the text and it is his/her decision upon accepting/rejecting the paper for review within a given time period.

7. Referees are obliged to keep opinions about the paper confidential and to not use knowledge about it before publication.

8. Review must have a written form and end up with an explicit conclusion about accepting or rejecting the paper from publication. Referee has a possibility to conclude his/her opinion in a form:

- accept without revision;
- accept with minor revision;
- accept after major revision,
- re-submission and further reviewing after complete re-arrangement of the paper,
- reject.

9. Referee sends the review to the “Journal of Water and Land Development” by Editorial System. The review is archived there for 5 years.

10. Editors do not accept reviews, which do not conform to merit and formal rules of scientific reviewing like short positive or negative remarks not supported by a close scrutiny or definitely critical reviews with positive final conclusion and vice versa. Referee’s remarks are presented to the author. Rational and motivated conclusions are obligatory for the author. He/she has to consider all remarks and revise the text accordingly. Referee has the right to verify so revised text.

11. Author of the text has the right to comment referee’s conclusions in case he/she does not agree with them.

12. Editor-in Chief (supported by members of the Editorial Board) decides upon publication based on remarks and conclusions presented by referees, author’s comments and the final version of the manuscript.

13. Rules of acceptation or rejection of the paper and the review form are available at the web page of the Editorial House or the journal.

14. Present list of cooperating reviewers is published once a year.

15. According to usual habit, reviewing is free of charge.

16. Papers rejected by referees are archived by Editorial System.

Download:
Review Sheet


Recenzenci

Journal of Water and Land Development List of reviewers 2025


  • Dr. Yahiaoui Abdelhalim Institute of Technology, University of Bouira, Algeria
  • Dr. Hudhaifa maan Al-Hamndi Tikrit University, Department of Soil Science and Water Resources, Iraq
  • Prof. Majd Alaali Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
  • Assoc. Prof. Salman Dawood Ammar College of Engineering University of Basrah, Civil Engineering Department, Basrah, Iraq
  • Dr. James Anderson Clemson University, Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, James C. Kennedy Waterfowl and Wetlands Conservation Center
  • Master Hengky Anggoro PT Mitra Setia Tanah Bumbu, Indonesia
  • Prof. Jacek Antonkiewicz University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Jactone Arogo Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Biological Systems, Blacksburg, United States of America
  • Dr. Ozan Artun Cukurova University in Adana, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Turkey
  • Assoc. Prof. Habib-ur-Rehman Athar Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Botany, Multan, Pakistan
  • Prof. Abouabdillah Aziz Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Morocco
  • Prof. Azmeri Azmeri Universitas Syiah Kuala, Engineering Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  • Prof. Amr M.M. Badawy South Valley University, Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Qena, Egypt
  • Dr. Undrakh-od Baatar Central Asian Soil Science Society, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  • Dr. Wojciech Bąba Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Prof. Aleksandra Badora University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Poland
  • Dr. Badriah Asiri University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Saudi Arabia
  • Prof. Henryk Banaszuk Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok, Poland (retired)
  • Master Petra Barroso Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Czech Republic
  • Prof. Sandor Bartha Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
  • Dr. Anna Baryła Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Erum Bashir University of Karachi, Department of Geology, Karachi, Pakistan
  • Dr. Olgirda Belova Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Forestry, Kėdainiai, Lithuania
  • Dr. Nadhira Benhadji Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Dr. Lynn Besenyei Self-employed researcher, previously University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
  • Dr. Małgorzata Biniak-Pieróg Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Development and Protection, Poland
  • Dr. Charles Hin Joo Bong Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, State Public Work Department, Malaysia
  • Prof. Małgorzata Bonisławska West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Poland
  • Dr. Łukasz Borek University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Land Reclamation and Environmental Development, Poland
  • Dr. Abderrezzak Boudjema Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen University, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences and Earth and Universe Sciences, Algeria
  • Dr. Housseyn Bouzeria Abou Bakr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Département d&apos;Hydraulique, Algeria
  • Assoc. Prof. Adam Brysiewicz Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Prof. Dorota Burska University of Gdańsk, Department of Chemical Oceanography and Marine Geology, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Irena Burzyńska Forest Research Institute, Laboratory of Natural Environment Chemistry, Sękocin Stary, Poland
  • Prof. Tzu-Chia Chen Krirk University, International College, Bangkok, Thailand
  • Dr. Erik Chovancek University of Turku, Department of Life Technologies, Finland
  • Dr. Iwona Chwastowska-Siwiecka University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Poland
  • Prof. Roman Cieśliński University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Poland
  • Assist. Prof. André da Silva State University of Londrina, Department of Civil Engineering, Paraná, Brazil
  • Dr. Jarosław Dąbrowski Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Dr. Ewa Dacewicz University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Poland
  • Dr. Ralf Dannowski Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Land Use Research, Institute of Landscape Hydrology (retired), Müncheberg, Germany
  • Dr. Sofia Das National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, India
  • Prof. Tina Dasic University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Serbia
  • Dr. Ander M de Lecea University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Afric
  • Master Alla Demianiuk National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine
  • Dr. Nickolai Denisov Zoï Environment Network, Switzerland
  • Dr. Oussama Derdous Kasdi Merbah University, Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ouargla, Algeria
  • Dr. Jini Devi Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Department of Biotechnology, Abishekapatti, India
  • Prof. Evens Emmanuel Université Quisqueya, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
  • Prof. Said Ezrari Mohammed First University of Oujda, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Lab Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology & Health, Oujda, Algeria
  • Assoc. Prof. Agnieszka Faligowska Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Poland
  • Dr. Stanisław Famielec University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Hiouani Fatima Mohamed Khider University, Biskra, Algeria
  • Assoc. Prof. Marcin Feltynowski University of Lodz, Institute of Urban and Regional Studies and Planning, Poland
  • Prof. Krzysztof Fortuniak University of Lodz, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Poland
  • Prof. Renata Gaj Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Biotechnology, Poland
  • Dr. Bernard Gałka Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection
  • Dr. Abbas Gholami Shoaml University, Department of Environmental sciences, Amol city, Iran
  • Assoc. Prof. Eskinder Gidey Mekelle University, Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Ethiopia
  • Dr. Maciej Gliniak University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Power Engineering and Automation, Poland
  • Dr. Januarius Gobilik Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
  • Dr. Janusz Golski Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Inland Fisheries and Aqaculture, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Renata Graf Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Department of Hydrology and Water Management, Poland
  • Prof. Andrzej Greinert University of Zielona Gora, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Depatment of Environmental Design, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Mateusz Grygoruk Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Wateer Center, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Stanisław Grześ Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Biotechnology, Poland
  • Dr. Justyna Hachoł Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Environmental Protection and Development, Poland
  • Prof. Rania Hadi Mohamed Princess Nourah Bint Abdurahman University, Faculty of Science Biology Department, General Directorate of Emergency, Khartoum, Sudan
  • Dr. Amanda Hale Western EcoSystems Technology (WEST Inc.), Cheyenne, United States
  • Dr. Karolina Hap University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Dr. Islam Hassan National Research Centre, Water Relations and Field Irrigation Departmen, Agricultural and Biology Research Institute,Giza, Egypt
  • Prof. Salim Heddam 20 Août 1955 University, Agronomy Department, Hydraulic Division, Skikda, Algeria
  • Dr. Yevheniy Herasimov National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Research Department, Rivne, Ukraine
  • Dr. Marcin Herkowiak Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Poland
  • Dr. Entin Hidayah University of Jember, Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Indonesia
  • Dr. Muhammad Hilman Fu&apos;adil Amin Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Biology, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Dr. Tomasz Horaczek Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Prof. Lyudmyla Hranovska Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of NAAS, Department of Irrigated Agriculture and Decarbonization Agroecosystems, Ukraine
  • Prof. Katarzyna Ignatowicz Białystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Poland
  • Prof. Gabriela Ioana-Toroimac University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Romania
  • Dr. Khairul Iqbal Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Engineering, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  • Prof. Valentina Iurchenko Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ukraine
  • Dr. Jan Jadczyszyn Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
  • Dr. Mateusz Jakubiak AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Management and Protection, Kraków, Poland
  • Dr. Ewelina Janicka Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Joanna Jaskuła Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Bartosz Jawecki Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Landscape Architecture, Poland
  • Dr. Marcin Jewiarz University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Spain
  • Dr. Anil Joseph GeoStructurals Pvt Ltd, Pullepaddy, Cochin, India
  • Prof. Krzysztof Jóżwiakowski University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Dr. Marta Jurga-Zotow Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Poland
  • Dr. Tomasz Kaczmarek Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Poland
  • Prof. Zbigniew Kaczmarek Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Soil Science and Land Protection, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Grzegorz Kaczor University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Marek Kalenik Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Hydraulics, Water and Sanitary Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Tatiana Kaletova Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Department of Water Resources and Environmental, Slovak Republic
  • Assoc. Prof. Magdalena Kalisiak-Mędelska Calissia University, Poland
  • Prof. Vasyl Karabyn Lviv State University of Life Safety, Department of Civil Protection and Computer Modeling Ecology-Geophysical Processes, Ukraine
  • Dr. Nikolaos Karkalos National Technical University of Athens, Department of Manufacturing Technology, Greece
  • Prof. Jan Kazak Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Spatial Economy, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Cezary Każmierowski Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Department of Remote Sensing of Environment and Soil Science, Poznań, Poland
  • Prof. Nahed Khairy Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
  • Master Ruly Khasanah State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Dr. Mohamed El Amine Khelfi University of Blida 1, WSE, RLPPWR, Algeria
  • Dr. Adam Kiczko Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water Engineering and Environment Restoration, Poland
  • Dr. Adam Kiczko Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Özgür Kişi Technical University of Lübeck, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Germany
  • Prof. Zbigniew Kledyński Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
  • Dr. Kamila Klimek University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Mathematical Statistics, Poland
  • Dr. Anna Kochanek State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Institute of Engineering, Nowy Sącz, Poland
  • Dr. Apoloniusz Kodura Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Marek Kopacz AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Jolanta Korzeniowska Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Tomasz Kosiada Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agicuture, Horticulture and Biotechnology, Poland
  • Master Milica KOSIĆ NanoPoli Centre Ltd., Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Assoc. Prof. Tomasz Kotowski University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Prof. Victor Kovalchuk National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine
  • Prof. Pyotr Kovalenko Institute of Water Problems and Melioration of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  • Dr. Anna Krakowiak-Bal University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Kamil Krasuski Polish Air Force University, Institute of Navigation, Dęblin, Poland
  • Dr. Denik Krisnayanti Nusa Cendana University, Civil Engineering Department, Kupang, Indonesia
  • Prof. Mariusz Kulik University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, Poland
  • Dr. Ramesh Kumar Central University of Rajasthan, School of Earth Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, India
  • Dr. Jerzy Kupiec Poznan University of Life Science, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poland
  • Prof. Krzysztof Kupren University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Poland
  • Dr. Karolina Kurek University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Dr. Alban Kuriqi Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
  • Dr. Stanisław Lach AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Geo-Data Science, Geodesy, and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Management and Protection, Poland
  • Dr. Lenka Lackóová Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Department of Landscape Planning and Ground Design, Slovak Republic
  • Prof. László Lakatos Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Department of Environmental Sciences and Ecology, Eger, Hungary
  • Master Nikolina Landeka University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Dr. Okanlade Lawal-Adebowale Federal University of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Abeokuta, Nigeria
  • Prof. Taras Levsiukov National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Department of Geodesy and Cartograph, Kyiv, Ukraine
  • Dr. Sławomir Ligęza University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Institute of Soil Science and Environment Shaping, Poland
  • Dr. Aleksandra Loba Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Ramin Lotfi Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Iran
  • Prof. Biljana Lubarda University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Biology Department, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Prof. Jurik Lubos Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering (WREE), Slovak Republic
  • Dr. Jamal Mabrouki Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Science, Morocco
  • Prof. Agnieszka Machowska Warsaw University of Technology, Department of Hydroengineering and Hydraulics, Poland
  • Prof. Kamil Maciuk AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Geo-Data, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Mohamed Mahmoud Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
  • Dr. Agnieszka Mąkosza West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Mateusz Malinowski University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Myroslav Malovanyy Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ecology and Sustainable Environmental Management Department, Ukraine
  • Dr. Chiara Martino University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Italy
  • Dr. Magdalena Matusiak Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Poznań, Poland
  • Dr. Manuela Mauro University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Italy
  • Dr. Marcin Małuszyński Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Dijana Mihajlović University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Dr. Florentina Mincu National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Bucharest, Romania
  • Master Norzila Mohd Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Bangi, Malaysia
  • Dr. Katarzyna Moraczewska-Majkut Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Mardhati Muhammad Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Malaysia
  • Master Asep Mulyono Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Assoc. Prof. Ainur Mussina Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  • Dr. Pavel Navitski Oral Roberts University, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Tulsa, United States
  • Prof. Arkadiusz Nędzarek West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Polan
  • Dr. Gauri Nerkar ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Crop Improvement Division, Coimbatore, India
  • Master Nguyen Minh Ngoc Hanoi Architectural Unversity, Faculty of Urban Environmental and Infrastructural Engineering, Viet Nam
  • Dr. Eko Noerhayati Universitas Islam Malang, Fakultas Teknik, Indonesia
  • Prof. Vahid Nourani Tabriz University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Iran
  • Dr. Elida Novita University of Jember, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Indonesia
  • Assoc. Prof. Nurhadi Nurhadi Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Assoc. Prof. Paweł Oglęcki Warsaw University of Life Science, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Beata Olszewska Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Dr. Rafał Olszyński University of Łódź, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Poland
  • Dr. Wojciech Orzepowski Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Grzegorz Orłowski Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Dr. Lavdim Osmanaj University of Pristina, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Kosovo
  • Assoc. Prof. Krzysztof Otremba Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poland
  • Prof. Pelin Ozturk Gocmen Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi, Turkey
  • Prof. Taras Pasternak Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Instituto de Bioingenieria, Spain
  • Dr. Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Department of Environmental Improvement, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Katarzyna Pentoś Wroclaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Nature and Technology, Poland
  • Dr. Ariva Permana Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Thailand
  • Prof. Vasyl Petruk Vinnytsia National Technical University, Department Chemistry and Environmental Safety, Ukraine
  • Dr. Agnieszka Petryk Cracow University of Economics, College of Public Economy and Administration, Poland
  • Prof. Karol Plesiński University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Marek Podlasiński West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Poland
  • Prof. Cezary Podsiadło West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Agriculture, Poland
  • Dr. Krzysztof Podwysocki State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts, Vilnius, Lithuania
  • Assoc. Prof. Ryszard Pokładek Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Dorota Porowska Warsaw University, Faculty of Geology, Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Arkadiusz Przybysz Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Poland
  • Dr. Wiesław Ptach Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Erik Querner Querner Consult, Wageningen, Netherlands
  • Assoc. Prof. Dorota Richter Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant, Poland
  • Prof. Jaromír Říha Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Republic
  • Assoc. Prof. Maimun Rizalihadi Universitas Syiah Kuala, Department of Civil Engineering, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  • Assoc. Prof. Roman Rolbiecki Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Kıvılcım ROMYA BILGIN Başkent University, Faculty of Comunication, Ankara, Turkey
  • Dr. Katarzyna Rozbicka Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Banpu Ruan Hangzhou Normal University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou, China
  • Dr. Oleksandr Rudik Odessa State Agrarian University, Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Ukraine
  • Prof. Mansuor Salem Wadi Alshati University, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Barak, Libya
  • Dr. Salmawati Salmawati Earth Resources Engineering from Kyushu University and Master&apos;s degree, Mining and Mineral Engineering from Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
  • Assoc. Prof. Burak Saltuk Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Biosystem Engineering Department, Antalya, Turkey
  • Dr. Ahmed Saqr Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering, Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Egypt
  • Dr. Dario Savoca University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Italy
  • Dr. Biju Sayed Dhofar University, Department of Computer Science, Salalah, Oman
  • Dr. Delei Shang Tsinghua University, Department of Civil Engineering, Beijing, China
  • Prof. Weishou Shen Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China
  • Dr. Tamara Shevchenko O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Ukraine
  • Dr. Mehrdad Shokatian-Beiragh University of Tabriz, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Iran
  • Dr. Aida Shomali University of Tehran, College of Aburaihan, Department of Horticulture, Iran
  • Dr. Leszek Sieczko Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Edyta Sierka University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Poland
  • Prof. Hanna Siwek West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Janusz Siwek Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Department of Hydrology, Poland
  • Prof. Barbara Skowera University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Ecology, Climatology and Air Protection, Poland
  • Dr. Paulina Śliz Cracow University of Economics, College of Public Economy and Administration, Poland
  • Prof. Sergiy Snizhko Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Ukraine
  • Assoc. Prof. Dini Sofarini University of Lambung Mangkurat, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Banjarmasin, Malaysia
  • Prof. Alfred Stach Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Poland
  • Prof. Piotr Stachowski Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Department of Land Improvement, Environmental Development and Spatial Management, Poland
  • Dr. Julia Stachurska The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Developmental Biology, Kraków, Poland
  • Dr. Donatella Sterpi Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Italy
  • Dr. Radosław Stodolak Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Marcin Stróżecki Poznan University of Life Sciences, Meteorology
  • Dr. Ery Suhartanto Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
  • Prof. Agus Suharyanto Universitas Brawijaya, Fakultas Teknik, Indonesia
  • Prof. Marek Suproniuk Military University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
  • Dr. Marcin Sykuła Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruniu, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Poland
  • Prof. Barbara Symanowicz University of Siedlce, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Wojciech Szewczyk University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Poland
  • Prof. Sławomir Szymczyk University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Poland
  • Prof. Amina Taleb University of Tlemcen, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Algeria
  • Prof. Feng Yenn Teo University of Nottingham Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Prof. Renata Tobiasz-Salach University of Rzeszów, Faculty of Technology and Life Sciences, Poland
  • Dr. Lesly Torres Universidad de la Rioja, EnoIUR, Enología: Química, Tecnología Enológica y Análisis estadístico, Spain
  • Prof. Goran Trbić University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Dr. Milena Truba University of Siedlce, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Grasslands and Landscape Architecture Development, Poland
  • Prof. Eliza Uzunova Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Department of General and Applied Hydrobiology, Bulgaria
  • Dr. Iryna Vaskina Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poland
  • Dr. Ignacio Villanueva Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras, Argentina
  • Prof. Liana Vuta University Politehnica of Bucharest, Department of Hydraulics, Hydraulic Machinery and Environmental Engineering, Romania
  • Dr. Mariusz Wala WSB Merito Chorzów, Poland
  • Prof. Wayan Wangiyana University of Mataram, Faculty of Agriculture, Indonesia
  • Assoc. Prof. Andrzej Wałęga University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Dr. Magdalena Wijata Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agriculture, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Réka Wittmanová Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Slovak Republic
  • Dr. Jakub Wojkowski University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Poland
  • Dr. Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka Poznań Univeristy of Life Sciences, Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poland
  • Prof. Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Soon Yee Wong University of Nottingham Malaysia, Department of Civil Engineering, Malaysia
  • Dr. Edyta Wrzesińska-Jędrusiak Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  • Dr. Janusz Zarajczyk University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Transport Machines, Poland
  • Prof. Jacek Żarski University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Laboratory of Plant Irrigation and Agrometeorology, Poland
  • Dr. Francisco Zavala-García Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Agronomía, Mexico
  • Dr. Anna Zbierska Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Land Improvement, Environmental Development and Geodesy, Poland
  • Assoc. Prof. Agnieszka Ziernicka-Wojtaszek University of Agriculture in Kraków, Department of Ecology, Climatology and Air Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Poland
  • Dr. Maria Zuba-Ciszewska The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Social Sciences, Poland
  • Prof. Grzegorz Żurek Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization – National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
  • Prof. Andrzej Łachacz University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Poland

Polityka antyplagiatowa


Plagiarism Policy

1. The Editorial Team of the “Journal of Water and Land Development” (JWLD) is strictly against any unethical act of copying or plagiarism in any form. According to Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) plagiarism is defined as: When somebody presents the work of others (data, words or theories) as if they were his/her own and without proper acknowledgement. Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All manuscripts submitted for publication to JWLD are cross-checked for plagiarism using iThenticate/Turnitin software.
2. Plagiarism is the unethical act of copying someone else's prior ideas, processes, results or words without explicit acknowledgement of the original author and source. Self-plagiarism occurs when an author utilises a large part of his/her own previously published work without using appropriate references. This can range from getting the same manuscript published in multiple journals to modifying a previously published manuscript with some new data.
3. Manuscripts found to be plagiarised (overall similarity index of the manuscript should not be more than 15% for research articles and 20% for review articles with a limitation of less than 3% similarity from any individual source) during initial stages of review are out-rightly rejected and not considered for publication in the journal. In case a manuscript is found to be plagiarised after publication, the Editor-in-Chief will conduct a preliminary investigation, may be with the help of a suitable committee constituted for the purpose.
4. If the manuscript is found to be plagiarised beyond the acceptable limits, the journal will contact the author's Institute / College / University and Funding Agency, if any. A determination of misconduct will lead JWLD to run a statement bi-directionally linked online to and from the original paper, to note the plagiarism and provide a reference to the plagiarised material.
5. The paper containing the plagiarism will also be marked on each page of the PDF. Upon determination of the extent of plagiarism, the paper may also be formally retracted.

Types of Plagiarism

The following types of plagiarism are considered by JWLD:

1. Full Plagiarism: Previously published content without any changes to the text, idea and grammar is considered as full plagiarism. It involves presenting exact text from a source as one's own.
2. Partial Plagiarism: If content is a mixture from multiple different sources, where the author has extensively rephrased text, then it is known as partial plagiarism.
3. Self-Plagiarism: When an author reuses complete or portions of their pre-published research, then it is known as self-plagiarism. Complete self-plagiarism is a case when an author republishes their own previously published work in a new journal.

JWLD respects intellectual property and aims at protecting and promoting original work of its authors. Manuscripts containing plagiarised material are against the standards of quality, research and innovation. Hence, all authors submitting articles to JWLD are expected to abide by ethical standards and abstain from plagiarism, in any form.

The authors must ensure that the submitted manuscript:
- describes completely the original work;
- is not plagiarism;
- has not been published before in any language;
- the information used or words from other publications are appropriately indicated by reference or indicated in the text.
Existing copyright laws and conventions must be observed. Materials protected by copyright (for example, tables, figures or large quotations) should only be reproduced with the permission of their owner.

In case, an author is found to be suspected of plagiarism in a submitted or published manuscript then, JWLD shall contact the author(s) to submit his/her/their explanation within two weeks, which may be forwarded to the special commission constituted for the purpose, for further course of action. If JWLD does not receive any response from the author within the stipulated time period, then the Director / Dean / Head of the concerned College, Institution or Organization or the Vice Chancellor of the University to which the author is affiliated shall be contacted to take strict action against the concerned author.

JWLD shall take serious action against published manuscripts found to contain plagiarism and shall completely remove them from the JWLD website and other third party websites where the paper is listed and indexed. The moment, any article published in the JWLD database is reported to be plagiarised, JWLD will constitute a special commission to investigate the same. Upon having established that the manuscript is plagiarised from some previously published work, JWLD shall support the original author and manuscript irrespective of the publisher and may take any or all of the following immediate actions or follow the additional courses of actions*:

1. JWLD editorial office shall immediately contact the Director / Dean / Head of the concerned College, Institution or Organization or the Vice Chancellor of the University to which the author(s) is (are) affiliated to take strict action against the concerned author.
2. JWLD shall change the PDF copy of the published manuscript from the website and the term Retraction shall be appended to the published manuscript title.
3. JWLD shall disable the author account with the journal and reject all future submissions from the author for a period of 03 / 05 / 10 years or even ban the authors permanently.

*Any additional courses of action, as recommended by the commission or as deemed fit for the instant case or as decided by the Editor-in-Chief, implemented from time to time.

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