Applied sciences

Opto-Electronics Review

Description

Opto-Electronics Review is peer-reviewed and quarterly published by the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers (SEP) in electronic version. It covers the whole field of theory, experimental techniques, and instrumentation and brings together, within one journal, contributions from a wide range of disciplines. The scope of the published papers includes any aspect of scientific, technological, technical and industrial works concerning generation, transmission, transformation, detection and application of light and other forms of radiative energy whose quantum unit is photon. Papers covering novel topics extending the frontiers in optoelectronics or photonics are very encouraged.
It has been established for the publication of high-quality original papers from the following fields:

Optical Design and Applications,
Image Processing (without AI Algorithm Optimisation)
Plasmonics, nanooptics, and metamaterials,
Optoelectronic Materials,
Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems,
Infrared Physics and Technology,
Modelling of Optoelectronic Devices, Semiconductor Lasers

Technology and Fabrication of Optoelectronic Devices,
Photonic Crystals,
Laser Physics, Technology and Applications,
Optical Sensors and Applications,
Photovoltaics,
Biomedical Optics and Photonics

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Journal Metrics:

JCR Impact Factor 2022:	1.6
5 Year Impact Factor 2021:	2.038
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2022:	0.414
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022:	0.815
CiteScore 2022:	4.4
Ministry of Education and Science 2021*:	100 points

* changed Dec. 1st, 2021

From 1992 to 2005 the Journal was published only in the paper form. From 2006 it was available also online. Since 2017 Opto-Eelectronics Review is published only in electronic form. All volumes issued online by the end of 2019 can be found on the following websites:

Years 2017-2019: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/opto-electronics-review/issues
Years 2015-2016: https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/oere
Years 2006-2014: https://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/11772
Years 1992-2005 (scanned version): https://optor.wat.edu.pl/contents.htm

ISSN

ISSN 1896-3757

Publishers

Polish Academy of Sciences (under the auspices of the Committee on Electronics and Telecommunication) and Association of Polish Electrical Engineers in cooperation with Military University of Technology

Opto-Electronics Review - Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief:
L. R. JAROSZEWICZ, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Deputy Editor-in Chief:
P. MARTYNIUK, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Board of Co-editors:

Optical Design and Applications
V.O. ANGELSKY, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

Image Processing
M. JÓŹWIK, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Plasmonics, nanooptics, and metamaterials
T. ANTOSIEWICZ, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland

Modelling of Optoelectronic Devices. Semiconductor Lasers
M. DEMS, Łódź Technical University, Łódź, Poland

Optoelectronics Materials
D. DOROSZ, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland

Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems
T.P. GOTSZALK, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland

Infrared Physics and Technology
M. KOPYTKO, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
F. WANG, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Technology and Fabrication of Optoelectronic Devices
J. MUSZALSKI, Institute of Electron Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Photonic Crystals
K. PANAJOTOV, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

Laser Physics, Technology and Applications
J. ŚWIDERSKI, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Optical Sensors and Applications
M. ŚMIETANA, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Photovoltaics
A. IWAN, Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Wroclaw, Poland

Biomedical Optics and Photonics
A. LIEBERT, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland

International Editorial Advisory Board

D. BIMBERG, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany

F. CAPASSO, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

A.I. DIROCHKA, Production Center ORION, Moscow, Russia

P.G. ELISEEV, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA

P. HARING−BOLIVAR, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany

M. HENINI, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England

B. JASKORZYNSKA, Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden

M. KIMATA, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan

R. KLETTE, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

S. KRISHNA, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA

H.C. LIU, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

J. MISIEWICZ, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland

E. OZBAY, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey

J.G. PELLEGRINI, Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, Fort Belvoir, USA

M. RAZEGHI, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

A. ROGALSKI, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

P. RUSSELL, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany

V. RYZHII, University of Aizu, Aizu, Japan

C. SIBILIA, Universita' di Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy

A. TORRICELLI, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

T. WOLIŃSKI, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

W. WOLIŃSKI, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

S.−T. WU, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA

Y.P. YAKOVLEV, Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

J. ZIELŃSKI, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Language Editor

J. Kulesza, e-mail: jolanta.kulesza@wat.edu.pl

Technical Editors:

R.Podraza, e-mail: renata.podraza@wat.edu.pl

E.Sadowska, e-mail: elzbieta.sadowska@wat.edu.pl

Publisher:

Polish Academy of Sciences and Association of Polish Electrical Engineers

Editorial office:

Military University of Technology,

ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2

00 – 908 Warsaw, Poland

opelre@wat.edu.pl

Opto-Electronics Review is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1

1 Investigation of a simple energy management system of a hybrid PV-battery system

Baqer Saleh Mahdi , Nasri Sulaiman , Mohanad Abd Shehab , Siti Lailatul Mohd Hassan , Suhaidi Shafie , Hashim Hizam

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e148249 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2023.148249

Keywords: renewable energy grid-connected system energy management system control strategy disturbances hybrid system

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Abstract

Growing energy demands are expected to render existing energy resources insufficient. Solar energy faces challenges in terms of providing continuous and reliable power supply to consumers. However, it has become increasingly important to implement renewable energy (RE) and energy management (EM) systems to increase the supply of power, improve efficiency, and maintain the stability of energy systems. As such, this present study integrated energy storage (ES) devices; namely, batteries and direct current (DC) to DC converters; into energy systems that support battery operation and effectively manage power flow, especially during peak load demands. The proposed system also addresses low solar irradiation and sudden load change scenarios by enabling the battery to operate in a discharge state to supply power to the load. Conversely, when the demand matches or exceeds the available solar energy, the battery is charged using solar power. The proposed system highlights the significance of RE systems and EM strategies in meeting growing energy demands and ensuring a reliable supply of power during solar variability and fluctuating loads. A MATLAB® Simulink model was used to evaluate the integration of a 200 kW photovoltaic (PV) array with a 380 V grid and 150 kW battery. The loads, consisting of a 100 kW and a 150 kW unit, were parallel connected. The results indicated that boost and three-phase (3Ph) inverters can be used to successfully integrate PV systems to the power grid to supply alternating current (AC) power. The inclusion of a battery also addressed power shortages during periods of insufficient power generation and to store surplus power.

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Authors and Affiliations

Baqer Saleh Mahdi

Nasri Sulaiman

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohanad Abd Shehab

Siti Lailatul Mohd Hassan

Suhaidi Shafie

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hashim Hizam

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2 Characterisation of a graphene/NPB structure with Re₂O₇ as an interfacial layer for OLED application

Paweł Krukowski , Michał Piskorski , Maciej Rogala , Paweł Dąbrowski , Iaroslav Lutsyk , Witold Kozłowski , Dorota A. Kowalczyk , Patryk Krempiński , Maxime Le Ster , Aleksandra Nadolska , Klaudia Toczek , Przemysław Przybysz , Rafał Dunal , Wojciech Ryś , Shankhanil Sarkar , Beata Łuszczyńska , Paweł J. Kowalczyk

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e147913 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.148441

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Abstract

A graphene/NPB structure with Re₂O₇ as an interfacial layer in the context of its potential use in the design of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is investigated. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study shows the formation of the Re₂O₇ phase on a monolayer graphene on quartz during thermal deposition in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) study shows an enhancement of the work function of the graphene heterostructure after deposition of the Re₂O₇ layer up to 5.4 eV. The hole injection barrier between the Re₂O₇/graphene heterostructure and the N-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N-diphenyl-(1,1-biphenyl)-4,4-diamine (NPB) layer was estimated to be 0.35 eV, which is very promising for a good OLED performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Krukowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Michał Piskorski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Maciej Rogala

e-mail:

ORCID:

Paweł Dąbrowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Iaroslav Lutsyk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Witold Kozłowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dorota A. Kowalczyk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Patryk Krempiński

e-mail:

ORCID:

Maxime Le Ster

e-mail:

ORCID:

Aleksandra Nadolska

e-mail:

ORCID:

Klaudia Toczek

e-mail:

ORCID:

Przemysław Przybysz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rafał Dunal

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wojciech Ryś

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shankhanil Sarkar

e-mail:

ORCID:

Beata Łuszczyńska

e-mail:

ORCID:

Paweł J. Kowalczyk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Solid State Physics (member of National Photovoltaic Laboratory, Poland), Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
Department of Solid State Physics (member of National Photovoltaic Laboratory, Poland), Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, 149/153 Pomorska St., 90–236 Łódź, Poland
Department of Physics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
Department of Molecular Physics (member of National Photovoltaic Laboratory, Poland), Lodz University of Technology, ul. Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland

3 Coded GFDM with decision feedback equaliser for enhanced performance in underwater wireless optical communication

R. Hema , Ananthi A. , Diana D. C.

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e148697 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.148697

Keywords: generalised frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) turbulence pointing error forward error correction (FEC) decision feedback equaliser (DFE)

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Abstract

Underwater wireless optical communication is the best alternative for many applications especially for high bandwidth data communication between underwater objects and vehicles. The implementation of coding scheme along with advanced modulation technique and equalisation methods is identified as a key research scope for enhancing the performance of the system. In this paper, the coded generalised frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) technology is employed to provide high-data rates and less out-of-band emission. The Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) and Reed-Solomon (RS) coding schemes along with equalisation techniques namely normalised least mean square (NLMS)-based decision feedback equalisers (DFE), minimum mean square error (MMSE) and zero forcing (ZF) are utilized to reduce inter symbol interference (ISI). The bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated in the presence of pointing error (PE) and turbulence using Monte Carlo channel modelling simulations. The results showed that RS coding with NLMS-DFE outperforms other techniques and achieves a BER of roughly 10−5 with a signal-to-noise ratio levels below 20 dB. The simulation results demonstrate that RS code with 15 total symbols per code word and 3 data symbols, i.e., RS (15, 3) and BCH code with 31 total symbols in a code word and 6 data symbols, i.e., BCH (31, 6) provided the best error performance among other coding schemes employed. It is inferred that RS (15, 3) coded 2 × 2 multiple input multiple output systems with NLMS-DFE achieved a BER value of 1.1925 × 10−5 at 11 dB which is 16 dB less than uncoded system. Thus, the coded GFDM improves overall BER performance and has the potential to provide higher reliability for internet of underwater things (IoUT) applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Hema

Ananthi A.

Diana D. C.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, 162 Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089, India

4 Rigorous optical modelling of long-wavelength infrared photodetector with 2D subwavelength hole array in gold film

Andrzej Janaszek , Piotr Wróbel , Maciej Dems , Omer Ceylan , Yasar Gurbuz , Łukasz Kubiszyn , Józef Piotrowski , Rafał Kotyński

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e148831 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.148831

Keywords: plasmonics infrared detector enhanced absorption surface plasmon polariton Fano resonance Sommerfeld-Zenneck wave

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Abstract

The quantum efficiency of an InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) high operating temperature (HOT) long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) photodetector may be significantly improved by integrating a two-dimensional subwavelength hole array in a metallic film (2DSHA) with the detector heterostructure. The role of the metallic grating is to couple incident radiation into surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes whose field overlaps the absorber region. Plasmon-enhanced infrared photodetectors have been recently demonstrated and are the subject of intensive research. Optical modelling of the three-dimensional detector structure with subwavelength metallic components is challenging, especially since its operation depends on evanescent wave coupling. Our modelling approach combines the 3D finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) and the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) with a proposed adaptive data-point selection for calculation time reduction. We demonstrate that the 2DSHA-based detector supports SPPs in the Sommerfeld-Zenneck regime and waveguide modes that both enhance absorption in the active layer.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Janaszek

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Piotr Wróbel

e-mail:

ORCID:

Maciej Dems

e-mail:

ORCID:

Omer Ceylan

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yasar Gurbuz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Łukasz Kubiszyn

e-mail:

ORCID:

Józef Piotrowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rafał Kotyński

e-mail:

ORCID:

Janaszek, Andrzej :VIGO Photonics, Poznańska 129/133, 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki, Poland
Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 217/221, 93-005 Łódź, Poland
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
Kubiszyn, Łukasz :VIGO Photonics, Poznańska 129/133, 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki, Poland
Piotrowski, Józef :VIGO Photonics, Poznańska 129/133, 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki, Poland

5 Intermetallic compound layer formation in indium-based micro-bump array fabrication technology for IR detectors

Paweł Kozłowski , Agata Jasik , Adam Łaszcz , Krzysztof Czuba , Krzysztof Chmielewski , Krzysztof Zdunek

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e148833 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.148833

Keywords: indium micro-bump under bump metallization intermetallic alloy focused ion beam energy dispersive spectrometry

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Abstract

This work reports on the investigation of homogeneity of the inside of indium micro-bumps/ columns placed on Ti/Pt/Au under bump metallisation. This is very important for connection resistivity, long-time durability, and subsequent hybridisation process (e.g., die-bonding). Gold reacts with indium to form intermetallic alloys with different chemo-physical parameters than pure indium. The geometrical and structural parameters of intermetallic alloys were analysed based on transmission electron microscope images. Distribution of elements in the investigated samples was determined using the transmission electron micro-scope with energy dispersive spectroscopy method. A thickness of intermetallic alloy was 1.02 μm and 1.67 μm in non-annealed (A) and annealed (B) indium columns, respectively. The layered and column-like interior structure of alloys was observed for both samples, respectively, with twice bigger grains in sample B. The graded chemical composition of Au-In intermetallic alloy was detected for the non-annealed In columns in contrast to the constant composition of 40% of Au and 60% of In for the annealed sample B. The atomic distribution has a minor impact on the In column mechanical stability. A yield above 99% of an In column with a 25 µm diameter and a 11 µm height is possible for a uniform columnar structure of intermetallic alloy with a thickness of 1.67 μm.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Kozłowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Agata Jasik

e-mail:

ORCID:

Adam Łaszcz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Krzysztof Czuba

e-mail:

ORCID:

Krzysztof Chmielewski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Krzysztof Zdunek

e-mail:

ORCID:

Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland

6 Application of a deep-learning neural network for image reconstruction from a single-pixel infrared camera

Sebastian Urbaś , Bogusław Więcek

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e148877 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.148877

Keywords: single-pixel imaging compressive sensing thermal imaging convolutional neural network dataset augmentation

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Abstract

The article presents the simulation results of a single-pixel infrared camera image reconstruction obtained by using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Simulations were carried out for infrared images with a resolution of 80 × 80 pixels, generated by a low-cost, low-resolution thermal imaging camera. The study compares the reconstruction results using the CNN and the ℓ1 reconstruction algorithm. The results obtained using the neural network confirm a better quality of the reconstructed images with the same compression rate expressed by the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM).

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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Urbaś

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bogusław Więcek

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924 Lodz, Poland

7 Development of the hybrid distributed Bragg reflectors for mid-infrared applications

Monika Mikulicz , Mikołaj Badura , Michał Rygała , Tristan Smołka , Wojciech Macherzyński , Adriana Łozińska , Marcin Motyka

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e149168 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.149168

Keywords: distributed Bragg reflector mid-infrared meatal coating InP GaAs FTIR

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Abstract

In this study, an analysis of the optical performance of two types of distributed Bragg reflector structures based on GaAs and InP material systems was carried out. The structures were designed for maximum performance at 4 µm with their reflectivity achieving between 80 and 90% with eight pairs of constituent layers. To further enhance the performance of these structures, additional Au layers were added at the bottom of the structure with Ti pre-coating applied to improve the adhesivity of the Au to the semiconductor substrate. The optimal range of Ti layer thickness resulting in the improvement of the maximum reflectivity was determined to be in between 5 and 15 nm.

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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Mikulicz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mikołaj Badura

e-mail:

ORCID:

Michał Rygała

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tristan Smołka

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wojciech Macherzyński

e-mail:

ORCID:

Adriana Łozińska

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Motyka

e-mail:

ORCID:

Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Department of Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland

8 Reliable 5G waveform detection from an optical fibre transmitter system

Zeyad T. Yaseen , Waleed Algriree

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e149181 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.149181

Keywords: optical fibre 5G NOMA hybrid technique cognitive radio CR probability of detection SNR

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Abstract

The integration of optical fibre communication with multiple input multiple output-non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) waveforms in cognitive radio (CR) systems is examined in this study. The proposed system leverages the advantages of optical fibre, including high bandwidth and immunity to electromagnetic interference to facilitate the transmission and reception of MIMO-NOMA signals in a CR environment. Moreover, MIMO-NOMA signal was detected and analysed by the hybrid-discrete cosine transform-Welch (H-DCT-W) method. Based on the modes results, a detection probability greater than 0.96%, a false alarm probability equal to 0.06, and a global system error probability equal to 0.09% were obtained with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) less than 0 dB, while maintaining a simple level of complexity. The results obtained in this paper indicate the potential of the optical fibre-based MIMO-NOMA system based on H-DCT-W technology in CR networks. Therefore, its suitability for practical CR applications is demonstrated by the improvements obtained in false alarms, detection probability, and error rates at low levels of SNR. This study contributes to the development of efficient and reliable wireless communication systems by linking cooperation and synergy concerning MIMO-NOMA, optical fibres, as well as the proposed detection technique (H-DCT-W).

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Authors and Affiliations

Zeyad T. Yaseen

Waleed Algriree

Department of Medical Device Technology Engineering, Al Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

9 Sareenet: saree texture classification via region-based patch generation with an optimized efficient Aquila network

Krishnan Ashok , Dharmaraj Karthika Priya , Appathurai Ahilan , Palanisamy Jayapriya

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e149164 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.149164

Keywords: Saree texture classification patch generation deep learning efficient net Aquila optimizer

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Abstract

Online saree shopping has become a popular way for adolescents to shop for fashion. Purchasing from e-commerce is a huge time-saver in this situation. Female apparel has many difficult-to-describe qualities, such as texture, form, colour, print, and length. Research involving online shopping often involves studying consumer behaviour and preferences. Fashion image analysis for product search still faces difficulties in detecting textures based on query images. To solve the above problem, a novel deep learning-based SareeNet is presented to quickly classify the tactile sensation of a saree according to the user’s query. The proposed work consists of three phases: i) saree image pre-processing phase, ii) patch generation phase, and iii) texture detection and optimization for efficient classification. The input image is first denoised using a contrast stretching adaptive bilateral (CSAB) filter. The deep learning-based mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) divides the region of interest into saree patches. A deep learning-based improved EfficientNet-B3 has been introduced which includes an optimized squeeze and excitation block to categorise 25 textures of saree images. The Aquila optimizer is applied within the squeeze and excitation block of the improved EfficientNet to normalise the parameters for improving the accuracy in saree texture classification. The experimental results show that SareeNet is effective in categorising texture in saree images with 98.1% accuracy. From the experimental results, the proposed improved EfficientNet-B3 improves overall accuracy by 2.54%, 0.17%, 2.06%, 1.78%, and 0.63%, for MobileNet, DenseNet201, ResNet152, and InspectionV3, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krishnan Ashok

Dharmaraj Karthika Priya

Appathurai Ahilan

Palanisamy Jayapriya

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
Centre for Future Networks and Digital Twin, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Eshwar Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

10 The method for extracting defect levels in the MCT multilayer low-bandgap heterostructures

Kinga Majkowycz , Małgorzata Kopytko , Krzysztof Murawski , Piotr Martyniuk

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e149182 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.149182

Keywords: deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) traps MOCVD MCT

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Abstract

A method for defects extraction for a mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) multilayer low-bandgap heterostructure is presented. The N⁺/T/p/T/P⁺/n⁺ epitaxial layer was deposited on a GaAs substrate by a metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The absorber was optimized for a cut-off wavelength of λ_c = 6 μm at 230 K. Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were conducted for the isolated junctions of the N⁺/T/p/T/P⁺/n⁺ heterostructure. Three localised point defects were extracted within the p-type active layer. Two of them were identified as electron traps and one as a hole trap, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kinga Majkowycz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Małgorzata Kopytko

e-mail:

ORCID:

Krzysztof Murawski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Piotr Martyniuk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland

11 Experimental investigation of SRS polarization pulling in depleted pump regime for various pump SOPs

Robert K. Cybulski , Krzysztof Perlicki

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e149381 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.149381

Keywords: stimulated Raman scattering all-optical polarization control polarization pulling

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Abstract

This article presents an experimental investigation of polarization pulling based on stimulated Raman scattering induced by a continuous, fully polarized pump wave in an optical fibre. By means of probe wave states of polarization aggregation, degree of polarization and gain analysis, an assessment of all-optical polarization control, repolarization and amplification in a standard single mode fibre in depleted pump regime is presented. Polarization pulling is proved to be dependent on fibre length, pump power, and pump state of polarization, with respect to pump depletion effect, acting oppositely to the polarization pulling effect. Authors evaluate results aiming to obtain a configuration of stimulated Raman scattering parameters, which allows for the most effective polarization pulling, with respect to statistical stability of the process measured by standard deviation of polarization degree and polarization-dependent gain of the probe wave. The highest polarization attraction efficiency was obtained for 15 km, 0.97 W and the horizontal polarization state of the pump wave.

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Authors and Affiliations

Robert K. Cybulski

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Krzysztof Perlicki

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Dawis IT Sp. z o.o., ul. Staszica 1, 05-800 Pruszków, Poland
Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland

12 Comparison of selected methods for measuring the luminous flux of solid-state light sources

Krzysztof Górecki , Aleksandra Kalinowska , Przemysław Ptak

Opto-Electronics Review | 2024 | 32 | 1 | e149234 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2024.149234

Keywords: LED light sources measurement method luminous flux integrating sphere goniometer

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Abstract

The paper presents a simple method of measuring the luminous flux value dedicated to LED light sources. This method uses information about a spatial radiation pattern of the lighting source under test and the results of illuminance measurements at the axis of this source. The method is described and the results of the measurements obtained using this method and the classical method are compared and discussed. Tests have been carried out for LED modules of different geometries. The measurement error of the considered method is analysed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Górecki

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Aleksandra Kalinowska

Przemysław Ptak

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Department of Marine Electronics, Gdynia Maritime University, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland

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