Humanities and Social Sciences

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

Description

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria jest polskim kwartalnikiem naukowym poświęconym tematyce filozoficznej. Pod obecnym tytułem ukazuje się od roku 1992.
Przegląd Filozoficzny publikuje teksty prezentujące doniosłe koncepcje filozoficzne oraz oryginalne i twórcze idee. Kluczowym kryterium doboru tekstów do publikacji jest ich wartość naukowa.
W Przeglądzie Filozoficznym publikowane są przede wszystkim rozprawy naukowe. W wybranych numerach ukazują się też polemiki, przekłady, wywiady, recenzje, szkice popularyzatorskie oraz materiały archiwalne. Zeszyty ukazujące się w trzech pierwszych kwartałach każdego roku mają zróżnicowaną tematykę. W niektórych z nich zamieszamy bloki tekstów poświęconych konkretnym postaciom czy istotnym zagadnieniom filozoficznym. Czwarty numer ma charakter monograficzny i jest poświęcony myśli wybranego wybitnego filozofa.

ISSN

ISSN 1230-1493

Publishers

Komitet Nauk Filozoficznych PAN, Wydział Filozofii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Redaktor naczelny:

Bogdan Dziobkowski

Sekretarz redakcji:

Łukasz Kowalik

Członkowie redakcji:

Alicja Chybińska, Justyna Grudzińska, Jacek Hołówka, Jakub Kloc-Konkołowicz, Joanna Odrowąż-Sypniewska

Rada programowa:

Adam Chmielewski (Uniwersytet Wrocławski)

Jan Hertrich-Woleński (Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie)

Paweł Kawalec (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II)

Małgorzata Kowalska (Uniwersytet w Białymstoku)

Anna Latawiec (Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie)

Adam Nowaczyk (Uniwersytet Łódzki)

Jacek Paśniczek (Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie)

Andrzej Przyłębski (Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu)

Andrzej Szahaj (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu)

Renata Ziemińska (Uniwersytet Szczeciński)

Wydział Filozofii UW
ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 3, pok. 310
00-927 Warszawa
e-mail: przegfil@uw.edu.pl
tel. (22) 55-23-718
Sekretarz redakcji odbywa dyżury od poniedziałku do piątku w godz. 11.00−15.00.

http://pf.uw.edu.pl/

Volumes
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Content

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2

1 Spis treści / Contents

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 3-6

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2 O nowych tomach Biblioteki Klasyków Filozofii i Biblioteki Współczesnych Filozofów

Bogdan Dziobkowski , Krzysztof Wójtowicz

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 7-9 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153059

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Authors and Affiliations

Bogdan Dziobkowski

Krzysztof Wójtowicz

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ORCID:

3 Nieco osobista historia Biblioteki Klasyków Filozofii

Kazimierz Czarnota

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 11-14 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153060

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Authors and Affiliations

Kazimierz Czarnota

Polskie Towarzystwo Filozoficzne, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 3, 00-047 Warszawa

4 Carnap’s Semantics and the Problems of Inductive Logic

Paweł Kawalec

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 15-31 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153061

Keywords: analyticity confirmation theory logical syntax of language „Spielraum”

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Abstract

Rudolf Carnap’s work in semantics provided the basis for the definition of the most important concepts in his logic of induction, necessary for the quantitative notion of the degree of confirmation. Therefore, it can be assumed that Carnap’s concept of semantics significantly influenced his solutions in the logic of induction. So far, however, little attention has been paid to this issue. A recent publication by Jan Woleński (2021), outlining a definition of confirmation which is alternative to that given by Carnap but also using a different semantic background, provides important insights into the aforementioned issue. This is because its main definitions are based on categories drawn from Alfred Tarski’s work. This article presents Woleński’s proposition and his resulting conclusions concerning Carnap’s theory of confirmation. Next follows a presentation of some discrepancies in Carnap’s conception of semantics in relation to Tarski’s. The basic historical sources of Carnap’s concept are also outlined, especially the category of ‘range’ (Spielraum). Carnap’s modification of the original determinations of this category as introduced by Johannes von Kries seems to underlie the problems of his theory of confirmation and finds its motivation already in his syntax period.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Kawalec

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ORCID:

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydział Filozofii, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin

5 On Rudolf Carnap’s ‘Engineering’ Approach to Philosophy: The Method of Explication

Artur Kosecki

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 33-59 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153062

Keywords: abolitionism amelioration R. Carnap conceptual engineering explication

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Abstract

In recent years, discussions of so-called ‘conceptual engineering’ have gained popularity in philosophy of language and philosophical methodology. It is noteworthy that this term is also popular among scholars of Rudolf Carnap’s philosophy. The aim of this article is to discuss interpretations that present Carnap as a conceptual engineer, analyze his method of explication, and present Carnap’s philosophical program. This program is then compared with selected projects discussed within conceptual engineering, specifically Sally Haslanger’s ameliorative approach and Herman Cappelen’s abolitionism.

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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Kosecki

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ORCID:

Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Instytut Filozofii i Kognitywistyki, ul. Krakowska 71-79, 71-017 Szczecin

6 Carnap’s Three Monographs

Jan Woleński

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 61-78 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153063

Keywords: induction logic logical analysis logical syntax probability

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Abstract

The paper presents three books by Rudolf Carnap, published in the Polish series “The Library of Contemporary Philosophers”. They are discussed here in the same succession in which they were originally published: Logical Structure of the World (1928), Logical Syntax of Language (1934) and Logical Foundations of Probability (1950). The content of these books is briefly discussed in the light of their historical context and with the focus on their significance for the development of analytic philosophy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Woleński

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Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania w Rzeszowie, Katedra Nauk Społecznych, ul. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów

7 The Social Construction of Perception: The Private Vision Argument

Adam Chmielewski

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 79-111 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153064

Keywords: aspect-perception perceptual hysteresis political aesthetics regime of perception

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Abstract

The subject of this article is a critical assessment of Alvin I. Goldman’s theory of perception which constitutes a part of his social epistemology. I argue that although perception is an important part of traditional epistemology, its social dimension in Goldman’s social epistemology is negligible and, as a result, his theory of perception remains indelibly individualistic and thus deficient. In opposition to such an under-standing of perception, I develop an alternative view which enables one to understand perception as endowed with a much broader social dimensions. To do so, I employ selected insights from the contemporary theory of perception and claim that individual perceptive faculties are inescapably exposed to various influences that contribute not only to their contents but also, more importantly, play a crucial role in the emergence and development of perceptive abilities in the first place. Relying on the discussion of Wittgenstein’s early views on perception, and his idea of the captivating effect of a picture, I argue that by practicing the art of seeing and understanding a picture we master the rules of sensory orders, or perceptual regimes, which are sustained by a collective perceptual hysteresis, and which enable us to see the world in a specifically ordered way. I also claim that though the sense of sight is a natural human endowment, the ability to see, like many other abilities, needs to be learned through a process which I call ‘seeing-with-others’. Since all cognitive subjects unavoidably take part in the creation of perceptual regimes – though they engage in the process to a varying degree – such interactive processes may be interpreted as democratic, though not in the consensual but rather in an agonistic sense.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Chmielewski

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ORCID:

Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Koszarowa 3, 51-149 Wrocław

8 Democracy from the Epistemological Point of View

Adam Grobler

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 113-122 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153065

Keywords: civic panels constitutional requirements core voter’s knowledge democracy Polish vs. American background

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Abstract

In the paper I try to make up for some understatements on democracy that are found in Alvin Goldman’s Knowledge in a Social World (1999). I also aim at expanding some motifs therefrom and applying them to the realities in Poland. First, I try to explain the very idea of democracy that is obscured in the book by a bit puzzling postulate of making law comply with constitutional requirements. In this context I discuss the function of voting as an instrument of executing the interest of the majority. Its effectiveness depends on the so-called core voter’s knowledge, otherwise defective and susceptible to propaganda. On this score, I consider some further complications that result from interferences between the voters’ aims. I also point to the fact that the majority required for the passing any bill can be formed only in result of bargaining. Finally, I refer to an attempt to mitigate the effect of the deficiency of the core voter’s knowledge by the idea of national issues convention. I claim that civic panels known from the second decade of the present century can do better and bring into force the ideal of deliberative democracy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Grobler

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ORCID:

Uniwersytet Opolski, Katedra Filozofii, ul. Strzelców Bytomskich 2, 45-084 Opole

9 Controversy over the Value of Truth in Judicial Process

Wojciech Załuski

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 123-139 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153066

Keywords: adversary process judicial process quasi-inquisitorial process social welfare truth

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Abstract

In chapter 9 (Law) of his book Knowledge in a Social World (1999) Alvin I. Goldman conducts an insightful analysis of the nature of judicial process and defends two main theses. According to the first, truth (factual accuracy of judicial decisions) is (and ought to be) the central value in judicial process; according to the second, adversary process (characteristic for common law system) is a less effective mechanism of establishing facts (discovering truth) than quasi-inquisitorial process (characteristic for continental legal system). In this article both theses are confronted with the results of the research conducted within Law & Economics movement. The article defends the claim that whereas the first thesis of Goldman is, generally speaking, a correct one, even if it requires some modifications weakening its message, the second one raises serious doubts.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Załuski

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Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, ul. Bracka 12, 31- 005 Kraków

10 Hybrid Expressions

Tadeusz Ciecierski

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 141-153 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153067

Keywords: demonstratives hybrid names indexicals

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Abstract

The article discusses the idea of hybrid expressions. It briefly reviews and compares three theories of hybrid names (by Wolfgang Künne, Saul Kripke and Mark Textor) and highlights problems that they face. I briefly outline however an alternative conception of hybridity of expressions. According to it, expressions are contextually extended objects. I argue that in order to determine the contextual dimensions of an utterance, it is necessary to take into account the permissible distributions of the relevant aspects of the context, their potential values and the intentions of the speaker.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Ciecierski

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Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Filozofii, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 3, 00-927 Warszawa

11 Game of Fiction: Remarks on Saul Kripke’s Theory of Fictional Names

Paweł Grabarczyk

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 155-171 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153068

Keywords: fictional names Kripke’s semantics theory of fiction

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Abstract

The paper concerns Saul Kripke’s theory of fictional names. I point out that such a theory was badly needed in Kripke’s thought as his standard semantics for proper names and natural kind names does not work in this context quite well. Kripke proposes a hybrid approach that incorporates ideas that have been more developed in the philosophy of fiction: in fictionalism of the type attributable to K. Walton, ‘in the novel...’ operator that is part of D.K. Lewis’ theory, and in ontology of abstract fictional entities. In the further part of the paper I develop an alternative to Kripke’s account based on the metaphor of a ‘game’ instead of the metaphor of ‘pretense’. I argue that this alternative suggestion better reflects ordinary fictional discourse while remaining compatible with Kripke’s standard semantics.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Grabarczyk

1 2

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ORCID:

Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. W.H. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź
IT University of Copenhagen, Rued Langgaards Vej 7, 2300 København, Dania

12 Can Metaphysical Naturalism Be Rationally Accepted?

Marcin Iwanicki

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 173-200 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153069

Keywords: defeater evolution naturalism proper function rationality self-defeat

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Abstract

In the essay, I present Alvin Plantinga’s argument for the thesis that metaphysical naturalism cannot be rationally accepted, even if this thesis is true. I point out some modifications this argument has undergone over the years, discuss how to justify its premises, and outline the main strategies of response.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Iwanicki

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Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski, Wydział Filozofii, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin

13 Science, Religion and Naturalism: On Alvin Plantinga’s Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism

Elżbieta Łukasiewicz , Dariusz Łukasiewicz

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 201-224 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153070

Keywords: evolution naturalism A. Plantinga religion science

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Abstract

Last year (2023), Alvin Plantinga’s book Where the Conflict Really Lies: Science, Religion and Naturalism (2011), was published in a Polish translation by the Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, in the series of the „Library of Contemporary Philosophers”. The aim of this article is to present the main theses of Plantinga’s book, his argumentation that supports these theses, and especially Plantinga’s much discussed evolutionary argument against naturalism, which is essential for the book’s final conclusion that a deep conflict separates not science and theistic beliefs, but science and naturalism. In the last section of the paper, we propose a modification of certain premises of the argument and try to assess whether indeed Plantinga’s evolutionary argument is convincing and naturalism should be viewed as self-referentially incoherent.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Łukasiewicz

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Dariusz Łukasiewicz

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Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Wydział Językoznawstwa, ul. Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Wydział Filozofii, ul. Ogińskiego 16, 85-094 Bydgoszcz

14 A Brief Intellectual Biography of Wilfrid Sellars

Piotr Gutowski

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 225-241 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153071

Keywords: K. Ajdukiewicz J. Bremer A. Chrudzimski H. Feigl intellectual biography R.W. Sellars W. Sellars T. Szubka

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Abstract

This article is a slightly revised version of the first part of my introduction to the Polish translation of Wilfrid Sellars’ book Science, Perception, and Reality (1963) which was published in 2023. I discuss and comment on the facts of Sellars’ life, relying on his Autobiographical Reflections and the memoirs of his students and friends that appeared after his death. I list Sellars’ most important books, with special emphasis on his references to the works of Polish philosophers that he knew, especially K. Ajdukiewicz. I also list the most important books on Sellars’ philosophy and works on various aspects of his thought authored by contemporary Polish philosophers such as J. Bremer, T. Szubka, A. Chrudzimski.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Gutowski

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Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Wydział Filozofii, Al. Ra-cławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin

15 Wilfrid Sellars on Practical Reasoning in Ethics

Józef Bremer

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 243-265 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153072

Keywords: ethical emotivism ethical expressivism intersubjective intentions subjective intentions

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Abstract

Over the course of several decades, most studies of the philosophy of Wilfrid Sellars (1912–1989) have focused on his synoptic view of epistemology, metaphysics, and the philosophy of language and mind. Nevertheless, in the last dozen or so years we have observed an increased interest on the part of philosophers in his naturalistic ethical theory, which is unprecedented and unique. According to him, moral judgments express a special type of intention and possess an intersubjective form of shall_we intentions (‘we shall do’), which he contrasts with individual shall_I intentions. Considering the ‘we-shall’ form, we aim to reveal the Kantian inspiration that lies behind his ethics and compare it to ethical expressivism and emotivism.

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Authors and Affiliations

Józef Bremer

Uniwersytet Ignatianum w Krakowie, ul. Kopernika 26, 31-501 Kraków

16 Manifest and Scientific Images of the World: Variations on Themes from Tatarkiewicz and Sellars

Tadeusz Szubka

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 267-287 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153073

Keywords: D.J. Chalmers D.C. Dennett manifest image of the world H. Putnam scientific image of the world W. Sellars W. Tatarkiewicz B.C. van Fraassen

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Abstract

The contrast between the manifest or common sense image of the world and the scientific image or picture of the world is one of the most frequently invoked distinctions, though its nature is usually not meticulously scrutinized, but merely illustrated with suggestive examples. However, careful analysis shows that it can be construed in various ways, and its delineation and justification are not simple. The article first evokes the account of this distinction given by W. Tatarkiewicz. Then I point to the distinction that was elaborated by W. Sellars and to its popular uses by D.C. Dennett and D.J. Chalmers, which I discuss in more detail. The last and main part of the article presents the arguments of H. Putnam and B.C. van Fraassen in favor of the inextricable interpenetration of both images of the world, the lack of superiority of the scientific image, and the possibility of deflationary rejection of discourses involving the idea of comprehensive images of the world.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Szubka

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Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Instytut Filozofii i Kognitywistyki, ul. Krakowska 71–79, 71-017 Szczecin

17 Meaning and Knowledge Without ‘The Myth of the Given’: Sellars and Brandom on Rules and Linguistic Games in Inferring

Tomasz Zarębski

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 289-304 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2024.153074

Keywords: R.B. Brandom inferentialism the myth of the given W. Sellars semantics

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Abstract

The article presents Wilfrid Sellars’ account of meaning and empirical knowledge as motivated by the paramount requirement of avoiding ‘the myth of the given’. It explicates the sense of Sellarsian anti-foundationalism about meaning as a stance that combines both naturalism and behaviorism with the idea of contingency and Wittgensteinian ‘forms of life’; and that, at the same time, combines normativism with the idea of language games. In this context, anti-foundationalism places Sellars’ account of knowledge without the myth of the given within the space of reasons – i.e. in the game of giving and asking for reasons – and presents it as a unique variety of Wittgenstein’s language games, where observational reports are positions in that game. Next, it sets out Robert Brandom’s interpretation of Sellars, by putting stress on reliabilism and inferentialism, as a legitimate continuation of Sellarsian project and inferentialism which itself is a positive, systematic response to the threat of the myth of the given.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Zarębski

Uniwersytet Dolnośląski DSW, Instytut Studiów Społecznych, ul. Strzegom-ska 55, 53-611 Wrocław

18 Streszczenia

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 305-311

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19 Noty o Autorach

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2024 | No 2 | 313-316

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