Life Sciences and Agriculture

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Content

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) is one of the most serious equine diseases worldwide. There is scarce information on the epizootiology of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in Saudi Arabia. Given the importance of the equine industry in Saudi Arabia, this cross- -sectional study aims to provide information about the prevalence of EIAV based on serological surveillance of the equine population in the country. A total of 4728 sera samples were collected (4523 horses and 205 donkeys) between December 2017 and November 2019. All samples were tested using commercially available EIAV ELISA. All tested samples showed negative results for EIAV antibodies with a 95% confidence interval. The results provided evidence that Saudi Arabia’s equine populations (horses and donkeys) are currently free of EIAV. The results also suggest the need for continuous monitoring of EIAV and strict regulation when importing horses from other countries.
Go to article

Bibliography


Alnaeem AA, Hemida MG (2019) Surveillance of the equine infectious anemia virus in Eastern and Central Saudi Arabia during 2014-2016. Vet World 12: 719-723.
Ataseven VS, Arslan HH (2005) Equine infectious anemia in mules, donkeys, and horses: Epidemiologic studies in the different geographic regions of Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci 25: 439-441.
Body M, Al-Rawahi A, Hussain M, Al-Lamki K, Al-Habsy S, Almaawali M, Alrawahi Q (2011) Sero-survey of equine infectious anemia in the Sultanate of Oman during 2007-2009. Pak Vet J 31: 235-238.
Bolfa P, Jeon I, Loftis A, Leslie T, Marchi S, Sithole F, Beck C, Lecollinet S, Zientara S, Hans A, Issel CJ (2017) Detection of west nile virus and other common equine viruses in three locations from the Leeward Islands, West Indies. Acta Trop 174: 24-28.
Bolfa P, Nolf M, Cadoré JL, Catoi C, Archer F, Dolmazon C, Mornex JF, Leroux C (2013) Interstitial lung disease associated with equine infectious anemia virus infection in horses. Vet Res 44: 113.
Cook RF, Leroux C, Issel CJ (2013) Equine infectious anemia and equine infectious anemia virus in 2013: a review. Vet Microbiol 167: 181-204.
Cruz F, Fores P, Ireland J, Moreno MA, Newton R (2015) Freedom from equine infectious anaemia virus infection in Spanish Purebred horses. Vet Rec Open 2: e000074.
Dong J, Cook FR, Zhu W (2014) Equine infectious anemia virus in Japan: viral isolates V70 and V26 are of North American not Japanese origin. Vet Microbiol 174: 276-278.
Ghadrdan-Mashhadi A, Shapoori M, Yoonesi E (2010) Survey on equine infectious anemia in Ahvaz. J Vet Res 65: 245-269.
Issel CJ, Foil LD (1984) Studies on equine infectious anemia virus transmission by insects. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184: 293-297.
Issel CJ, Scicluna MT, Cook SJ, Cook RF, Caprioli A, Ricci I, Rosone F, Craigo JK, Montelaro RC, Autorino GL (2013) Challenges and proposed solutions for more accurate serological diagnosis of equine infectious anaemia. Vet Rec 172: 210.
Kemen MJ, Jr., Coggins L (1972) Equine infectious anemia: transmission from infected mares to foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 161: 496-499.
Mooney J, Flynn O, Sammin D (2006) Equine infectious anaemia in Ireland: characterisation of the virus. Vet Rec 159: 570.
Nagarajan MM, Simard C (2007) Gag genetic heterogeneity of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in naturally infected horses in Canada. Virus Res 129: 228-235.
OIE (2019) Equine infectious anaemia. OIE Terrestrial Manual [Online]. Available: https://www.oie.int/fileadmin//Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.05.06_EIA.pdf.
Oliveira FG, Cook RF, Naves JHF, Oliveira CHS, Diniz RS, Freitas FJC, Lima JM, Sakamoto SM, Leite RC, Issel CJ, Reis JKP (2017) Equine infectious anemia prevalence in feral donkeys from Northeast Brazil. Prev Vet Med 140: 30-37.
Piza AS, Pereira AR, Terreran MT, Mozzer O, Tanuri A, Brandão PE, Richtzenhain LJ (2007) Serodiagnosis of equine infectious anemia by agar gel immunodiffusion and ELISA using a recombinant p26 viral protein expressed in Escherichia coli as antigen. Prev Vet Med 78: 239-245.
Reis JK, Diniz RS, Haddad JP, Ferraz IB, Carvalho AF, Kroon EG, Ferreira PC, Leite RC (2012) Recombinant envelope protein (rgp90) ELISA for equine infectious anemia virus provides comparable results to the agar gel immunodiffusion. J Virol Methods 180: 62-67.
Sellon DC, Fuller FJ, Mcguire TC (1994) The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus. Virus Res 32: 111-138.
Sharav T, Konnai S, Ochirkhuu N, Ts EO, Mekata H, Sakoda Y, Umemura T, Murata S, Chultemdorj T, Ohashi K (2017) Detection and molecular characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in Mongolian horses. J Vet Med Sci 79: 1884-1888.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

S. Kasem
1 2
O. Hashim
1
A. Alkarar
1
A. Hodhod
1 3
A. Elias
1
M. Abdallah
1
A. Al-Sahaf
1
A. Al-Doweriej
1
I. Qasim
1
A.S. Abdel-Moneim
4

  1. Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, 65 King Abdulaziz Road, Riyadh, 11195, Saudi Arabia
  2. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, El Geish Street, 33516, Egypt
  3. Animal Health Research Institute – Virology Department – Damanhur Branch – Egypt
  4. Microbiology Department, Virology Division, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Helicobacter pullorum ( H. pullorum) is a bacterium that colonizes the intestines of poultry and causes gastroenteritis. Because these species are known as human and/or animal pathogens, identification of H. pullorum is becoming increasingly necessary. The bacterium has been linked to colitis and hepatitis in humans after being transmitted by infected meat consumption. Misdiagnosis of other enteric zoonotic pathogens such as Campylobacter and other Helicobacter species makes the diagnosis of H. pullorum extremely difficult. This study focused on the molecular detection of H. pullorum from the stomach (proventriculus and gizzard) of different avian species as new target organs for detection and transmission between avian species. Proventriculus and gizzards were obtained from 40 freshly dead chickens and resident wild birds (n=40). Diarrhea was found in the farms that were surveyed. DNA was extracted from all collected samples to conduct PCR amplification. The samples were screened for Helicobacter genus-specific 16s using C97 and C05 primers. To confirm the existence of H. pullorum, the positive samples were sequenced.
H. pullorum was recorded in two out of 40 chicken samples. In addition, H. pullorum was recorded in one out of 40 resident wild birds. The 16S rRNA gene sequence for Helicobacter genus-specific in poultry and wild birds showed a 100% homology. In conclusion, broiler chickens and resident wild birds are possible reservoirs for H. pullorum, according to this report, and possibly act as a source of infection for humans via the food supply.
Go to article

Bibliography

Atabay HI, Corry JE, On SL (1998) Identification of unusual Campylobacter-like isolates from poultry products as Helicobacter pullorum. J. Appl. Microbiol. 84: 1017-1024.
Azevedo NF, Almeida C, Fernandes I, Cerqueira L, Dias S, Keevil CW, Vieira MJ (2008) Survival of gastric and enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. in water: implications for transmission. Appl Environ Microbiol 74: 1805-1811.
Borges V, Santos A, Correia CB, Saraiva M, Ménard A, Vieira L, Sampaio DA, Pinheiro M, Gomes JP, Oleastro M (2015) Helicobacter pullorum isolated from fresh chicken meat: antibiotic resistance and genomic traits of an emerging foodborne pathogen. Appl Environ Microbi-ol 81: 8155-8163.
Burnens A, Stanley J, Morgenstern R, Nicolet J (1994) Gastroenteritis associated with Helicobacter pullorum. Lancet 344: 1569-1570.
Ceelen LM, Decostere A, Chiers K, Ducatelle R, Maes D, Haesebrouck F (2007) Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pullorum infections in broilers. Int J Food Microbiol 116: 207-213.
Ceelen LM, Decostere A, Van den Bulck K, On SL, Baele M, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F (2006) Helicobacter pullorum in chickens, Bel-gium. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 263-267
Colles FM, Dingle KE, Cody AJ, Maiden MC (2008) Comparison of Campylobacter populations in wild geese with those in starlings and free-range poultry on the same farm. Appl Environ Microbiol 74: 3583-3590.
Corry JE, Atabay HI (2001) Poultry as a source of Campylobacter and related organisms. J Appl Microbiol 90: 96-114.
Dewhirst FE, Seymour C, Fraser GJ, Paster BJ, Fox JG (1994) Phylogeny of Helicobacter Isolates from Bird and Swine Feces and Descrip-tion of Helicobacter pametensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriolol 44: 553-560.
Elhariri M, Elhelw R, Hamza D, El-Mahallawy HS (2017) Serologic evidence and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection in animals and humans. J Infect Dev Ctries 11: 414-419.
Elhariri M, Hamza D, Elhelw R, Hamza E (2018) Occurrence of cagA+ vacA s1a m1 i1 Helicobacter pylori in farm animals in Egypt and ability to survive in experimentally contaminated UHT milk. Sci Rep 8: 1-13.
Elhelw R, Elhariri M, Ragab E, Kadry M, Hamza D (2020) Dog as Potential Source of Helicobacter Pylori in Egypt: Public Health Significance. World 10: 446-450.
Fox JG, Chien CC, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ, Shen Z, Melito PL, Woodward DL, Rodgers FG (2000) Helicobacter canadensis sp. nov. isolat-ed from humans with diarrhea as an example of an emerging pathogen. J Clin Microbiol 38: 2546-259.
Fox JG, Taylor NS, Howe S, Tidd M, Xu S, Paster BJ, Dewhirst FE (2006) Helicobacter anseris sp. nov. and Helicobacter brantae sp. nov., isolated from feces of resident Canada geese in the greater Boston area. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 4633-4637.
Hamza D, Elhelw R, Elhariri M, Ragab E (2018) Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori in human and dogs associated with A2142G and A2143G point mutations in clarithromycin resistance. Microb Pathog 123: 330-338.
Hassan AK, Shahata MA, Refaie EM, Ibrahim RS (2014) Detection and identification of Helicobacter pullorum in poultry species in upper Egypt. J Advanced Vet Res 4: 42-48.
Jones K (2001) Campylobacters in water, sewage and the environment. J Appl Microbiol 90: 68S-79S.
Manfreda G, Parisi A, Lucchi A, Zanoni RG, De Cesare A (2011) Prevalence of Helicobacter pullorum in conventional, organic, and free-range broilers and typing of isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 77: 479-784.
Miller KA, Blackall LL, Miflin JK, Templeton JM, Blackall PJ (2006) Detection of Helicobacter pullorum in meat chickens in Australia. Aust Vet J 84: 95-97.
Mohamed M, Ibrahim R, Shahata M and El-Refaie E (2010) Helicobacter pullorum among poultry in Assiut-Egypt: genetic characterization, virulence and MIC. Int J Poult Sci 9: 521-526.
Mladenova-Hristova I, Grekova O, Patel A (2017) Zoonotic potential of Helicobacter spp. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 50: 265-269.
Nebbia P, Tramuta C, Ortoffi M, Bert E, Cerruti Sola S, Robino P (2007) Identification of enteric Helicobacter in avain species. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 149: 403-407.
On SL, Hynes S, Wadström T (2002) Extragastric Helicobacter species. Helicobacter 7: 63-67.
Robino P, Tomassone L, Tramuta C, Rodo M, Giammarino M, Vaschetti G, Nebbia P (2010) Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylo-bacter coli and enteric Helicobacter in domestic and free living birds in North-Western Italy. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 152: 425-431.
Shen Z, Sheh A, Young SK, Abouelliel A, Ward DV, Earl AM, Fox JG (2014) Draft genome sequences of six enterohepatic Helicobacter species isolated from humans and one from rhesus macaques. Genome Announc 2: e00857-14.
Seymour C, Lewis RG, Kim M, Gagnon DF, Fox JG, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ (1994) Isolation of Helicobacter strains from wild bird and swine feces. Appl Environ Microbiol 60: 1025-1028.
Stanley J, Linton D, Burnens AP, Dewhirst FE, On SL, Porter A, Owen RJ, Costas M (1994) Helicobacter pullorumsp. nov.-genotype and phenotype of a new species isolated from poultry and from human patients with gastroenteritis. Microbiology 140: 3441-3449.
Steinbrueckner B, Haerter G, Pelz K, Weiner S, Rump JA, Deissler W, Bereswill S, Kist M (1997) Isolation of Helicobacter pullorum from patients with enteritis. Scand J Infect Dis 29: 315-318.
Svobodova I, and Boribova G (2003) Incidence of Helicobacter pullorum and Campylobacter spp. In healthy broilers in the Czech republic. Zoo Public Health 54: 54:75.
Wainø M, Bang DD, Lund M, Nordentoft S, Andersen JS, Pedersen K, Madsen M (2003) Identification of campylobacteria isolated from Danish broilers by phenotypic tests and species‐specific PCR assays. J Appl Microbiol 95: 649-655.
Wai SS, Abdul Aziz S, Bitrus AA, Zunita Z, Abu J (2019) Helicobacter pullorum in broiler chickens and the farm environment: A one health approach. Int J One Heal 5: 20-25.
Waldenström J, On SL, Ottvall R, Hasselquist D, Harrington CS, Olsen B (2003) Avian reservoirs and zoonotic potential of the emerging human pathogen Helicobacter canadensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 69: 7523-7526.
Waldenström J, On SL, Ottvall R, Hasselquist D, Olsen B (2007) Species diversity of campylobacteria in a wild bird community in Sweden. Journal of applied microbiology 102: 424-432.
Whary MT, Fox JG (2004) Natural and experimental Helicobacter infections. Comp Med 54: 128-158.
Zanoni RG, Rossi M, Giacomucci D, Sanguinetti V, Manfreda G (2007) Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility of Helicobacter pullorum from broiler chickens and commercial laying hens in Italy. Int J Food Microbiol 116: 168-173.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

R. Elhelw
1
M. Elhariri
1
H.M. Salem
2
H.S. Khalefa
3
D.A. Hamza
4
Z.S. Ahmed
4

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
  2. Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  3. Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
  4. Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Classical swine fever (CSF) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are responsible for major economic losses and represent a threat to the swine industry worldwide. Routine surveillance serology for CSF and PRRS viruses is critical to maintaining the health status of sow farms in Hunan Province, which is one of the top pig production provinces in China. The aim of our study was to investigate the serological statistics of CSF virus (CSFV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV) in Hunan Province. The cohort serum samples were collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs. Our findings showed that the average rates of CSFV and PRRSV antibody seropositivity were 82.2% (95% CI: 80.1-84.3) and 84.8% (95% CI: 82.5-87.1), respectively, in the immunized group and that these rates were higher than those in the unvaccinated group (58.6% for CSFV and 47.8% for PRRSV). Additionally, the level of CSFV antibody in piglet serum declined gradually with age, whereas PRRSV-specific antibody level increased initially (1 to 2 weeks old) and then declined with age (2 to 4 weeks old). In summary, we investigated the difference in CSFV/PRRSV antibody levels among piglets at various weeks old (1 to 4 weeks) to further establish the duration of maternal immunity in piglets. In addition, routine monitoring of CSFV/PRRSV antibodies in immunized pigs was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination.
Go to article

Bibliography


Brown VR, Bevins SN (2018) A Review of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Routes of Introduction into the United States and the Potential for Virus Establishment. Front Vet Sci 5: 31.
Chae C (2021) Commercial PRRS Modified-Live Virus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 9: 185.
Deka D, Barman NN, Deka N, Batth BK, Singh G, Singh S, Agrawal RK, Mukhopadhyay CS, Ramneek (2021) Sero-epidemiology of por-cine parvovirus, circovirus, and classical swine fever virus infections in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 53: 180.
Farsang A, Lévai R, Barna T, Fábián K, Blome S, Belák K, Bálint Á, Koenen F, Kulcsár G (2017) Pre-registration efficacy study of a novel marker vaccine against classical swine fever on maternally derived antibody positive (MDA+) target animals. Biologicals 45: 85-92.
Gao JC, Xiong JY, Ye C, Chang XB, Guo JC, Jiang CG, Zhang GH, Tian ZJ, Cai XH, Tong GZ, An TQ (2017) Genotypic and geographical distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in mainland China in 1996-2016. Vet Microbiol 208: 164-172.
Gong W, Li J, Wang Z, Sun J, Mi S, Lu Z, Cao J, Dou Z, Sun Y, Wang P, Yuan K, Zhang L, Zhou X, He S, Tu C (2019) Virulence evalua-tion of classical swine fever virus subgenotype 2.1 and 2.2 isolates circulating in China. Vet Microbiol 232: 114-120.
Goraya MU, Ziaghum F, Chen S, Raza A, Chen Y, Chi X (2018) Role of innate immunity in pathophysiology of classical swine fever virus infection. Microb Pathog 119: 248-254.
Guo Z, Chen XX, Li R, Qiao S, Zhang G (2018) The prevalent status and genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China: a molecular epidemiological perspective. Virol J 15: 2.
Han M, Yoo D (2014) Engineering the PRRS virus genome: updates and perspectives. Vet Microbiol 174: 279-295.
Luo Y, Li S, Sun Y, Qiu HJ (2014) Classical swine fever in China: a minireview. Vet Microbiol 172: 1-6.
Madapong A, Saeng-Chuto K, Chaikhumwang P, Tantituvanont A, Saardrak K, Pedrazuela Sanz R, Miranda Alvarez J, Nilubol D (2020) Immune response and protective efficacy of intramuscular and intradermal vaccination with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vi-rus 1 (PRRSV-1) modified live vaccine against highly pathogenic PRRSV-2 (HP-PRRSV-2) challenge, either alone or in combination with of PRRSV-1. Vet Microbiol 244: 108655.
Montaner-Tarbes S, Del Portillo HA, Montoya M, Fraile L (2019) Key Gaps in the Knowledge of the Porcine Respiratory Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV). Front Vet Sci 6: 38.
Stoian AM, Rowland RR (2019) Challenges for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Vaccine Design: Reviewing Virus Glycoprotein Interactions with CD163 and Targets of Virus Neutralization. Vet Sci 6: 9.
Suradhat S, Damrongwatanapokin S, Thanawongnuwech R (2007) Factors critical for successful vaccination against classical swine fever in endemic areas. Vet Microbiol 119: 1-9.
VanderWaal K, Deen J (2018) Global trends in infectious diseases of swine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115: 11495-11500.
Yin B, Qi S, Sha W, Qin H, Liu L, Yun J, Zhu J, Li G, Sun D (2021) Molecular Characterization of the Nsp2 and ORF5 (ORF5a) Genes of PRRSV Strains in Nine Provinces of China During 2016-2018. Front Vet Sci 8: 605832.
Zhang H, Leng C, Tian Z, Liu C, Chen J, Bai Y, Li Z, Xiang L, Zhai H, Wang Q, Peng J, An T, Kan Y, Yao L, Yang X, Cai X, Tong G (2018) Complete genomic characteristics and pathogenic analysis of the newly emerged classical swine fever virus in China. BMC Vet Res 14: 204.
Zhou B (2019) Classical Swine Fever in China-An Update Minireview. Front Vet Sci 6: 187.
Zhou L, Ge X, Yang H (2021) Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Virus Vaccine: A “Leaky” Vaccine with Debatable Efficacy and Safety. Vaccines (Basel) 9: 362.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

H. Yu
1
L. Zhang
1
Y. Cai
1
Z. Hao
2
Z. Luo
3
T. Peng
1
L. Liu
N. Wang
1
G. Wang
1
Z. Deng
1
Y. Zhan
1

  1. Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
  2. Yongzhou Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Affairs Center, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000, China
  3. Dingcheng Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Affairs Center, Changde, Hunan 415100, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in detail both the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of the enzyme agents, ZYMOX® Plus Otic (ZYMOX-P), in the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE). Eight dogs with a diagnosis of non-seasonal severe chronic OE were recruited for the study. ZYMOX-P was administered for 2-4 weeks. The Otitis Index Score (OTIS3) and bacteria or yeast colony growth were measured. Also, minimum biofilm (BF) formation inhibition concentration (MBIC) and BF bactericidal concentration (BBC) were measured in vitro. OTIS3 showed a statistically significant reduction after treatment (88.2%, p<0.001; pre-treatment = 11.0 ± 0.9; post-treatment = 1.3 ± 0.4, mean ± SEM). The individual OTIS scores, erythema, edema, erosions/ ulcerations, exudate and pruritus showed significant reduction (85.7%, 95.7%, 83.3%, 80.0%, and 89.3%, respectively). Microscopic examination revealed the presence of BF exopolysaccharide in all 8 ear samples when stained with alcian blue. Seven of the 8 dogs (87.5%) showed a reduction in colony growth. ZYMOX-P was effective at 34-fold and 16-fold dilutions on MBIC and BBC, respectively. These findings indicate that ZYMOX-P has efficacy against BF-related infection and is beneficial when used for the management of canine OE.
Go to article

Bibliography

Ayrapetyan M, Williams T, Oliver JD (2018) Relationship between the viable but nonculturable state and antibiotic persister cells. J Bacteriol 200: e00249-18.
Bowen WH (2016) Dental caries - not just holes in teeth! A perspective. Mol Oral Microbiol 31: 228-233.
Bradley CW, Lee FF, Rankin SC, Kalan LR, Horwinski J, Morris DO, Grice EA, Cain CL (2020) The otic micro- biota and mycobiota in a referral population of dogs in eastern USA with otitis externa. Vet Dermatol 31: 225-e49.
Carlsson J, Iwami Y, Yamada T (1983) Hydrogen peroxide excretion by oral streptococci and effect of lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide. Infect Immun 40: 70-80.
Chan WY, Hickey EE, Hickey, Page SW, Trott DJ, Hill PB (2019) Biofilm production by pathogens associated with canine otitis externa and the antibiofilm activity of ionophores and antimicrobial adjuvants. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 42: 682-692.
Cunha E, Trovão T, Pinheiro A, Nunes T, Santos R, Moreira da Silva J, São Braz B, Tavares L, Veiga AS, Oliveira M (2018) Potential of two delivery systems for nisin topical application to dental plaque biofilms in dogs. BMC Vet Res 14: 375.
Davies D (2003) Understanding biofilm resistance to antibacterial agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2: 114-122.
Ding L, Su X, Yokota A (2011) Research progress of VBNC bacteria-a review. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 51: 858-862.
Forssten SD, Björklund M, Ouwehand AC (2010) Streptococcus mutans, caries and simulation models. Nutrients 2: 290-298.
Harms A, Maisonneuve E, Gerdes K (2016) Mechanisms of bacterial persistence during stress and antibiotic exposure. Science 354: aaf4268.
Holá V, Růzicka F, Votava. M (2004) Differences in antibiotic sensitivity in biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from blood cultures. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 53: 66-69.
Jacobson LS (2002) Diagnosis and medical treatment of otitis externa in the dog and cat. J S Afr Vet Assoc 73: 162-170.
Klancnik A, Guzej B, Jamnik P, Vucković D, Abram M, Mozina SS (2009) Stress response and pathogenic potential of Campylobacter jejuni cells exposed to starvation. Res Microbiol 160: 345-352.
Li H., Wei X, Yang J, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Yang J (2019) The bacteriolytic mechanism of an invertebrate-type lysozyme from mollusk Octo-pus ocellatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 93: 232-239.
Nuttall T, Bensignor E (2014) A pilot study to develop an objective clinical score for canine otitis externa. Vet Dermatol 25: 530-537.
Otsuka R., Imai S, Murata T, Nomura Y, Okamoto M, Tsumori H, Kakuta E, Hanada N, Momoi Y (2015) Application of chimeric glucanase comprising mutanase and dextranase for prevention of dental biofilm formation. Microbiol Immunol 59: 28-36.
Peters JL, DeMars PL, Collins LM, Stoner JA, Matsumoto H, Komori N, Singh A, Feasley CL, Haddock JA, Levine M (2012) Effects of immunization with natural and recombinant lysine decarboxylase on canine gingivitis development. Vaccine 30: 6706-6712.
Qekwana DN, Oguttu JW, Sithole F, Odoi A (2017) Patterns and predictors of antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus spp. from canine clinical cases presented at a veterinary acadeic hospital in South Africa. BMC Vet Res 116.
Schulthess B, Bloemberg GV, Zbinden R EC, Böttger EC, Hombach MJ (2014) Evaluation of the Bruker MALDI Biotyper for identification of Gram-positive rods: deve- lopment of a diagnostic algorithm for the clinical laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 52: 1089-1097.
Stone VN, Xu P (2017) Targeted antimicrobial therapy in the microbiome era. Mol Oral Microbiol 32: 446-454.
Su X, Chen X, Hu J, Shen C, Ding L (2013) Exploring the potential environmental functions of viable but non-culturable bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29: 2213-2218.
Tsukatani T, Sakata F, Kuroda R (2020) A rapid and simple measurement method for biofilm formation inhibitory activity using 96-pin micro-titer plate lids. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 36: 189.
Wu MT, Burnham CA, Westblade LF, Dien Bard J, Lawhon SD, Wallace MA, Stanley T, Burd E., Hindler J, Humphries RM (2016) Evaluation of oxacillin and cefoxitin disk and MIC breakpoints for prediction of methicillin resistance in human and veterinary isolates of Staphy-lococcus intermedius Group. J Clin Microbiol 54: 535-542.
Zarzosa-Moreno D, Avalos-Gómez C, Ramírez-Texcalco LS, Torres-López E, Ramírez-Mondragón R, Hernández-Ramírez JO, Serra-no-Luna J, de la Garza M (2020) Lactoferrin and its derived peptides: an alternative for combating virulence mechanisms developed by patho-gens. Molecules 25: 5763.
Zhu K, Zheng J, Xing J, Chen S, Chen R, Ren L (2022) Mechanical, antibacterial, biocompatible and microleakage evaluation of glass iono-mer cement modified by nanohydroxyapatite/polyhexamethylene biguanide. Dent Mater J 41: 197-208.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

M. Fujimura
1

  1. Fujimura Animal Allergy Hospital, Aomatanihigashi 5-10-26, Minou-city, Osaka 562-0022, Japan
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of repeated low doses of GnRH agonist buserelin once a day for 5 days on follicle development and ovulation in anovulatory dairy cows with follicles growth only to emergence. The study was conducted on 71 anovulatory Polish Holstein Friesian cows. Anovulation with growth of follicles to emergence was defined as small ovaries with follicles of ≤ 5 mm in diameter and without corpus luteum on two examinations in a 7-10 day interval between 50-60 days after parturition. Cows were allocated to one of two group. Cows from group 1 (n = 58) received 0.4 μg of buserelin (Receptal, MSD, Poland) i.m. once a day for 5 days. Control cows from group 2 (n = 13) received saline. Ovarian structures were monitored weekly after the end of treatment by ultrasound for 4 weeks. The diameter of ovarian follicles on the ovaries was measured and recorded. Occurrence of ovulation was determined by the presence of corpus luteum. Overall, ovulation occurred in 46.6% (27/58) of cows treated with repeated doses of GnRH, while no corpus luteum was observed in the control group during the study period. There were significantly (p<0.05) more follicles 6-9 mm in diameter and 10-20 mm in diameter in cows treated with GnRH than in control cows. In conclusion, repeated low doses of GnRH analogue buserelin once a day for 5 days stimulate the development of ovarian follicles in anovulatory dairy cows with small ovarian follicles and led to ovulation in 46.6% of cows during 4 weeks after the end of the treatment.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

W. Barański
1
A. Nowicki
1
S. Zduńczyk
1
D. Tobolski
1

  1. Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Nowadays, a high incidence of cutaneous tumors is observed in domestic carnivorous in pet clinic, the sebaceous glands being the starting point for the development of these tumors. The hormonal imbalances are considered to be the most common etiology for these tumors, so the current research is based on the effects of an androgenic like hormonal drug on the functionality of the sebaceous glands in dogs. For this purpose, 32 dogs were distributed in 4 groups: control group 1 (8 dogs - females), control group 2 (8 dogs - males), experimental group 1 (8 dogs - females) and experimental group 2 (8 dogs - males).
The investigation targeted the pH of skin and the rate of sebum’s secretion. The animals from the experimental groups were treated with Anabolin forte for 2 days at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight/day, intramuscular.
The obtained results revealed that administration of Anabolin forte in males induced a significantly distinct intensification (with 10.66%) of sebum’s secretion and a significant decrease of pH of the skin (with 17.1%) compared to the animals from the control group. The administration of Anabolin forte in females induced a significantly distinct intensification (with 17.47%) of sebum’s secretion and a significant decrease of the pH of the skin (with 14.32%) compared to the animals from the control group.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

G. Gâjâilă
1
M. Ghiță
1
G. Zagrai
2 3
D.C. Cotor
2 4
A.M. Ionescu
1
A.M. Zagrai (Măierean)
2
A. Damian
2
G. Cotor
1

  1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest-050097, Splaiul Independentei 105, Bucharest, Romania
  2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca-400372, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  3. Saint Sylvester Secondary School, Bucharest-20764, Oltarului 11, Romania
  4. Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Osetoarticular TB “Foișor”, Bucharest-030167, Bd. Ferdinand nr. 35-37, Romania
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Videodermoscopic examinations have only recently started to be used in veterinary medicine and usually involve a small group of animals.
The aim of this study was to compare specific dermoscopic parameters in selected areas of the body of Arabian horses in the summer and winter seasons. The research was conducted between 2018-2019. The procedure was performed on the left side of the horse’s body in seven areas: head, neck, chest, flank, rump, mane, and tail. 42 purebred Arabian horses aged 1-25 (median), 39 mares and 3 stallions were qualified for the study. An Italian Video-Dermascope 7 (Medici Medical SRL with the 3 VIDIX 5Mpx camera and the VX1 overlay - Contact type cap Ø 3.5 cm) was used in the dermatoscopic evaluation. Specialist Cellsens Olympus software for analysing microscopic images was used to perform the measurements. Regardless of the area assessed, the skin in the summer months is darker than in the winter months. Hair thickness ranged from 44.82 (chest in summer) to 87.45 um (mane in winter). Regarding hair density, the number of hairs in the field of view of the dermatoscope ranged from 990 (summer mane) to 3680 (head in winter). Our research showed that the season of the year influences the amount of hair without significantly affecting its thickness.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

A. Pomorska-Zniszczyńska
1
M.P. Szczepanik
2
G. Kalisz
3
N. Adamczyk
4
M. Tarach
4
M. Sobuś
4
B. Abramowicz
5

  1. Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
  2. Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
  3. Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
  4. Students, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
  5. Sub-Department of Internal Diseases of Accompanying Animals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Brucella canis infection is one of the most important causes of infertility in dogs and is a zoonosis for which no effective treatment or vaccines exist. It is not a mandatory notifiable disease. Following an increase of cases in Europe and worldwide, an investigation was performed to evaluate how much Italian and Polish veterinarians and breeders know about canine brucellosis and understand their perceptions of this infection. For this reason, two questionnaires were prepared, in Italian and Polish. Eighteen Italian and Polish veterinarians, specialists in canine reproduction, responded to the first survey and 44.4% of them affirmed having diagnosed canine brucellosis at least once in their clinical practice, and different perceptions emerged regarding the infection in the two countries. The second survey was completed by 145 Italian and Polish breeders; the disease was completely unknown to 22.8% of them, whereas 2.1% had diagnosed infection by B. canis in their kennels. In conclusion, knowledge of B. canis infection differs between these countries, with extremes ranging from diagnosed cases to complete underestimation of the presence of the problem. However, based on international data and reporting of a recent large outbreak in Italy, awareness of this contagious infectious disease and its management must be increased.
Go to article

Bibliography


Brower A, Okwumabua O, Massengill C, Muenks Q, Vanderloo P, Duster M, Homb K, Kurth K (2007) Investigation of the spread of Brucella canis via the U.S. interstate dog trade. Int J Infect Dis 11: 454-458.
Buhmann G, Paul F, Herbst W, Melzer F, Wolf G, Hartmann K, Fischer A (2019) Canine Brucellosis: Insights into the Epidemiologic Situation in Europe. Front Vet Sci 6: 151.
Corrente M, Franchini D, Decaro N, Greco G, D’Abramo M, Greco MF, Latronico F, Crovace A, Martella V (2010) Detection of Brucella canis in a dog in Italy. New Microbiol 33: 337-341.
Cosford KL (2018) Brucella canis: un update on research and clinical management. Can Vet J 59: 74-81.
De Massis F, Sacchini F, Averaimo D, Garofolo G, Lecchini P, Ruocco L, Lomolino R, Santucci U, Sgariglia E, Crotti S, Petrini A, Migliorati G, D’Alterio N, Gavaudan S, Tittarelli M (2021) First Isolation of Brucella canis from a breeding kennel in Italy. Vet Ital 57: 215-226.
Galarce N, Escobar B, Martínez E, Alvarado N, Peralta G, Dettleff P, Dorner J, Martínez V, Borie C (2020) Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Brucella canis Strains Isolated from Kennels, Household, and Stray Dogs in Chile. Animals (Basel) 10: 2073.
Gyuranecz M., Szeredi L, Ronai Z, Denes B, Dencso L, Dan A, Palmai N, Hauser Z, Lami E, Makrai L, Erdelyi K, Janosi S (2011) Detection of Brucella canis-induced reproductive diseases in a Kennel. J Vet Diagn Invest 23: 143-147.
Hensel ME, Negron M, Arenas-Gamboa AM (2018) Brucellosis in Dogs and Public Health Risk. Emerg Infect Dis 24: 1401-1406.
Hollett RB (2006) Canine brucellosis: outbreaks and compliance. Theriogenology 66: 575-587.
Holst BS, Löfqvist K, Ernholm L, Eld K, Cedersmyg M, Hallgren G (2012) The first case of Brucella canis in Sweden: background, case report and recommendations from a northern European perspective. Acta Vet Scand 54: 18.
Johnson CA, Carter TD, Dunn JR, Baer SR, Schalow MM, Bellay YM, Guerra MA, Frank NA (2018) Investigattion and characterization of Brucella canis infections in pet-quality dogs and associated human exposures during a 2007- 2016 outbreak in Michigan. J Am Vet Med Assoc 253: 322-336.
Kaden R, Ågren J, Båverud V, Hallgren G, Ferrari S, Börjesson J, Lindberg M, Bäckman S, Wahab T (2014) Brucellosis outbreak in a Swedish kennel in 2013: determination of genetic markers for source tracing. Vet Microbiol 174: 523-530.
Kauffman LK, Petersen CA (2019) Canine Brucellosis: Old Foe and Reemerging Scourge. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 49: 763-779.
Keid LB, Chiebao DP, Batinga MC, Faita T, Diniz JA, de S Olivieira TM, Ferreira HL, Soares RM (2017) Brucella canis infection in dogs from commercial breeding kennels in Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 64: 691-697.
Lucero NE, Corazza R, Almuzara MN, Reynes E, Escobar GI, Boeri E, Ayala SM (2010) Human Brucella canis outbreak linked to infection in dogs. Epidemiol Infect 138: 280-285.
Lucero NE, Jacob NO, Ayala SM, Escobar GI, Tuccillo P, Jacques I (2005) Unusual clinical presentation of brucellosis caused by Brucella canis. J Med Microbiol 54: 505-508.
Marzetti S, Carranza C, Roncallo M, Escobar GI, Lucero NE (2013) Recent trends in human Brucella canis infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 36: 55-61.
Middlemiss C (2021) Brucella canis in dogs in the UK. Vet Rec 188: 155.
Pickerill PA, Carmichael LE (1972) Canine brucellosis: control programs in commercial kennels and effect on reproduction. J Am Vet Med Assoc 160: 1607-1615.
Reynes E, López G, Ayala SM, Hunter GC, Lucero NE (2012) Monitoring infected dogs after a canine brucellosis outbreak. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 35: 533-537.
Santos RL, Souza TD, Mol JP, Eckstein C, Paíxão TA (2021) Canine Brucellosis: An Update. Front Vet Sci 8: 594291.
van Dijk MA, Engelsma MY, Visser VX, Keur I, Holtslag ME, Willems N, Meij BP, Willemsen PT, Wagenaar JA, Roest HI, Broens EM (2016) Transboundary Spread of Brucella canis through Import of Infected Dogs, the Netherlands, November 2016-December 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 27: 1783-1788.
Weese JS, Hrinivich K, Anderson ME (2020) Brucella canis in Commercial Dog Breeding Kennels, Ontario, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis 26: 3079- 3080.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

M. Tymczak
1
B. Favi
2
M. Beccaglia
3
M.C. Pisu
4
V. Tarducci
5
M.P. Franciosini
1
M.L. Marenzoni
1

  1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06124, Italy
  2. Servizio di Sanità Animale, ASL 1 Umbria, Perugia, 06126, Italy
  3. Private practitioner, Ambulatorio Veterinario Beccaglia, Lissone, Monza-Brianza, 20851, Italy
  4. Private practitioner, Centro di Referenza Veterinario, Torino, 10138, Italy
  5. Private practitioner, Ambulatorio Veterinario Le Coccinelle, Mogliano, Macerata, 62010, Italy
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effects of dexamethasone and minocycline alone and combined treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin E on serum coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in rats administered aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The study was carried out on 66 male Wistar rats. Following the intraperitoneal (IP) administration of AFB1 at dose of 2 mg/kg, minocycline (45 and 90 mg/kg, IP) and dexamethasone (5 and 20 mg/kg, IP) were administered alone and combined with NAC (200 mg/kg, IP) and vitamin E (600 mg/kg, IP). CoQ10 and MMP-9 levels were analyzed using the HPLC-UV method and a commercial kit by ELISA, respectively. AFB1 increased MMP-9 level and decreased CoQ10 level compared to the control group. After dexamethasone and minocycline administration, there is no increase in CoQ10 level, which is caused by AFB1. However, dexamethasone and minocycline combined with NAC+vitamin E caused significant increases in CoQ10 levels. Dexamethasone and minocycline alone and combined with NAC+vitamin E decreased MMP-9 levels compared to the single AFB1 treated group. The use of MMPs inhibitors and oxidative stress-reducing agents is anticipated to be beneficial in the poisoning with AFB1.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

B. Tras
1
H. Eser Faki
1
Z. Ozdemir Kutahya
2
E. Bahcivan
3
B. Dik
1
K. Uney
1

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Alaeddin Keykubat Campus, New Istanbul Road. No:371, Konya, 42130, Turkey
  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, University of Cukurova, Fatih Sultan Mehmet District, Inonu Boulevard, No: 242, Adana, 01330, Turkey
  3. Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Amasya, Akbilek District. Dominion Street, National Sovereignty Campus, No:4/3, 05100, Turkey
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Trypanosomiasis is one of the severe pathogenic infections, caused by several Trypanosoma species, affecting both animals and humans, causing substantial economic losses and severe illness. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular diagnosis and the risk factors associated with trypanosomiasis in District Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, blood samples were randomly collected from 200 horses. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors before the sample collection. The microscopy examination through Giemsa staining, formol gel test and PCR techniques were used to find the prevalence. The prevalence was recorded as 22.5% with microscopy examination, 21% through formol gel test and 15.5% with PCR based results. Analysis of risk factors associated with Trypanosoma brucei evansi occurrence was carried out using Chi-square test. It showed the prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei evansi was significantly (p<0.05) associated with sex, age, rearing purpose and body condition whereas non-significantly (p>0.05) with insects control practices. This study supports the idea that PCR is a sensitive, robust and more reliable technique to diagnose trypanosomiasis. It was concluded that Trypanosoma brucei evansi is widely prevalent in Jhang (Pakistan), highlighting a dire need to develop control strategies and education programmes to control this disease in developing countries.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

J. Zahoor
1
M. Kashif
1
A. Nasir
1
M. Bakhsh
1
M.F. Qamar
2
A. Sikandar
3
A. Rehman
2

  1. Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
  2. Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Pakistan
  3. Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Pakistan
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Calf diarrhea continues to be the major problem of calves in the neonatal period. The effect of zeolites has been increasingly studied in ruminant health in recent years. In the present study, the efficacy of cristobalite, a zeolite, in neonatal calf diarrhea was studied first time. For this purpose, twenty-five neonatal calves with diarrheas were divided into two groups, and Group 1 (n=12) received conventional treatment and Group 2 (n=13) received cristobalite (Zoosorb 10 mg/kg) orally 3 times a day in addition to conventional treatment. Escherichia coli k99 and CS31a, bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus were isolated from fecal samples at the beginning of the treatment, on the third day and before discharge. It was determined that the recovery period in Group 2 was 0.95 (20.6%) days shorter than in Group 1 (p<0.05) while no viral agents were found on the fifth day in Group 2, viral shedding continued in 4 of 5 calves in Group 1. In conclusion, the study revealed that cristobalite speeds the recovery time and possibly decreases viral shedding in neonatal calf diarrhea, demonstrating a remarkable efficiency in the treatment.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

U. Ozcan
1
M.G. Sezener
2
B.U. Sayilkan
1
E. Kulluk
1
A. Akman
3
H. Cetiner
1
V.E. Erguden
2
S. Yaman
2
S. Gumusova
4
A. Ciftci
2
Y. Meral
1
D. Dalgın
1

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, TR-55200, Samsun, Turkey
  2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, TR-55200, Samsun, Turkey
  3. Samsun Veterinary Control Institute, TR-55200, Samsun, Turkey
  4. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Ondokuz Mayis University, TR-55200, Samsun, Turkey
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin E on mouse adrenal glands in immobilization stress. Twenty-eight male, 10-week-old, BALB/C mice weighing 30-45 grams were divided into four groups. Mice were placed in a cage where no movement was allowed 6 hours/day for 7 days for immobilization stress. 10 ml/kg vitamin E was administered orogastrically 1 hour before immobilization stress in the vitamin E and stress+vitamin E group. At the end of the 7th day, all the animals were subjected to elevated-plus maze (anxiety) and forced swimming (depression) tests. Left adrenal glands were dissected for routine paraffin tissue embedding protocol. Adrenal sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Azan. Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels were also measured in the adrenal tissues. Anxiety level (0.023), depression level (p=0.042) and MDA values (p=0.01) were significantly increased in the stress group. Histological sections of the stress group showed cortical atrophy, medullary hypertrophy, vascular dilation and hemorrhage. Azan staining revealed a thinned capsule and corticomedullary fibrosis in the stress group. Pathologies induced by immobilization stress were mostly reversed after vitamin E administration. The results suggested that vitamin E alleviates adverse effects of immobilization stress (oxidative, behavioral and histopathologic changes) in mice.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

F. Aşır
1
Y. Nergiz
1
A. Pala
1

  1. Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and devastating viral infectious disease that causes important economic losses to the swine industry. Currently, there are no effective vaccines or drugs available. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially cytosine methylation of cytosine- -phosphate-guanine (CpG) islands, have a significant impact on the life cycle of several viruses. Hence, drugs targeting DNA methylation may potentially be used for the treatment of ASF. Here, we selected the inner core, core shell, inner membrane, capsid, and external envelope membrane, to analyze the characteristics of CpG islands in the ASF virus (ASFV) genomes. Furthermore, we analyzed the promoters and CpG islands in the upstream regions of these genes. Results showed that the CpG islands of seven genes were conserved in the genomes of two genotype of ASFV strains, whereas the CpG islands of other genes were relatively conserved (ASFV strains differed mainly in the quantity of CpG islands). The different distribution of CpG islands in the genomes of different ASFV strains may affect their methylation status, which may in turn affect the regulation of viral gene expression, leading to different clinical outcomes. In addition, the predicted promoter regions based on the upstream sequences of most genes overlapped with CpG island positions. Methylation of the binding sites of the promoter regions inhibits the binding of the transcription factors to the promoters, thus inhibiting the activation of the promoters and limiting the synthesis of viral proteins. The results of this study provide a basis for exploring new antiviral therapeutic strategies from an epigenetic perspective.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Y.-Y. Yu
1
M.-S. X
2
Q. Liu
1

  1. Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131, China
  2. Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Wanzhou 404155, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Colistin is being used as a last-resort drug to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in humans. In veterinary medicine, colistin has been used for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. In the first study of mcr genes by multiplex PCR in healthy pigs from Serbia, we discovered mcr-1 in 4.85% out of 350 fecal samples. The presence of mcr-1 gene was detected on three farms located less than 100 km apart from each other, predominantly in piglet samples. The results point to the necessity of monitoring of colistin resistance and the mcr genes in food producing animals as well as restricting colistin usage on farms.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

G. Kozoderović
1
V. Lalošević
2
T. Süli
3
V. Vračar
2

  1. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Education in Sombor, Podgorička 4, 25000 Sombor, Republic of Serbia
  2. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
  3. Veterinarski zavod Subotica, Beogradski put 123, 24000 Subotica, Serbia
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in sheep (Ovis aries) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae. Even though sheep have been considered less sensitive to BTB than other ruminants, they have been subject to increasing numbers of tuberculosis cases and it has been suggested that they may act as a disease reservoir in some regions. Aim of the study: Following a report of tuberculous-like gross lesions (repeated cases of purulent or caseous lymphadenitis and a single case of serosal tubercles on the peritoneum) from veterinarians working in a slaughterhouse in the Małopolskie Voivodeship, southern Poland, the aim of this study was to conduct ante-mortem BTB diagnostics in three flocks with suspected BTB. The animals for testing were selected randomly from the flocks; a blood sample for interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) and a single tuberculin skin test (TST) was performed on each sheep. All TST results were negative. The IGRA result was positive in two ewes from the same flock (four and five years of age); these two sheep were tested microbiologically using Stonebrink and Löwenstein-Jensen media. No gross lesions suggesting BTB were observed, and the culture results were negative. Based on the positive IGRA results, together with its high specificity in sheep, and the potential risk to humans posed by consuming local unpasteurized dairy products, we recommend introducing serological BTB screening in sheep from this area, and subjecting the positive results to confirmation by culture.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

A. Didkowska
1
P. Żmuda
2
B. Orłowska
1
M. Nowak
1
K. Filip-Hutsch
1
K. Cuper
1
M. Krajewska-Wędzina
3
K. Anusz
1

  1. Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
  2. University Centre of Veterinary Medicine UJUR, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30059 Kraków, Poland
  3. Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The aim of this study was to reveal the potentially genotoxic effect of zearalenone on bovine lymphocytes by comet assay in vitro. The bovine lymphocytes were exposed to various zearalenone concetrations (50; 10; 2; 0.4 and 0.08 ppm). The viability and DNA damage of lymphocytes was monitored after 2 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. After 2 hours of zearalenone exposure, statistically significant DNA damage occurred at all tested concentrations of 0.08 ppm (12.2±1.25; p<0.05), 0.4 ppm (12.7±0.88; p<0.01), 2 ppm (12.0±0.51; p<0.01), 10 ppm (11.2±0.47; p<0.01) and at 50 ppm (14.2±0 61; p<0.001). Significantly greater DNA damage was also found after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The obtained results showed that zearalenone may induce DNA damage of the bovine lymphocytes.
Go to article

Bibliography


Bouaziz C, Bouslimi A, Kadri R, Zaied C, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S (2013) The in vitro effects of zearalenone and T-2 toxins on Vero cells. Exp Toxicol Pathol 65: 497-501.
Collins AR (2004) The comet assay for DNA damage and repair. Principles, applications, and limitations. Mol Biotechnol 26: 249-261.
Gao F, Jiang LP, Chen M, Geng CY, Yang G, Ji F, Zhong LF (2013) Genotoxic effects induced by zearalenone in a human embryonic kidney cell line. Mutat Res 755: 6-10.
Jackson SP (2002) Sensing and repairing DNA double-strand breaks. Carcinogenesis 23: 687-696.
Kachlek M, Szabó-Fodor J, Blochné Bodnár Z, Horvatovich K, Kovács M (2017) Preliminary results on the interactive effects of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 on porcine lymphocytes. Acta Vet Hung 65: 340-353.
Klarić MŠ, Daraboš D, Rozgaj R, Kašuba V, Pepeljnjak S (2010) Beauvericin and ochratoxin A genotoxicity evaluated using the alkaline comet assay: single and combined genotoxic action. Arch Toxicol 84: 641-650.
Koleničová S, Holečková B, Galdíková M, Schwarzbacherová V, Drážovská M (2021) Genotoxicity testing of bovine lymphocytes exposed to epoxicon-azole using alkaline and neutral comet assay. Caryologia 11: 99-109.
Końca K, Lankoff A, Banasik A, Lisowska H, Kuszewski T, Góźdź S, Koza Z, Wojcik A (2003) A cross-platform public domain PC im-age-analysis program for the comet assay. Mutat Res 534: 15-20.
Marin DE, Taranu I, Burlacu R, Manda G, Motiu, M, Neagoe I, Dragomir C, Stancu, M, Calin L (2011) Effects of zearalenone and its deriva-tives on porcine immune response. Toxicol In Vitro 25: 1981-1988.
Reddy KE, Song J, Lee HJ, Kim M, Kim DW, Jung HJ, Kim B, Lee Y, Yu D, Kim DW, Oh YK, Lee SD (2018) Effects of high levels of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on growth performance, and hematological and immunological parameters in pigs. Toxins (Basel) 10: 114.
Szabo RT, Kovács-Weber M, Erdélyi M, Balogh K, Fazekas N, Horváth Á, Mézes M, Kovács B (2019) Comet assay study of the genotoxic effect of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in chicken hepatocytes. Biol Fut 70: 330-335.
Thapa A, Horgan KA, White B, Walls D (2021) Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone-synergistic or antagonistic agri-food chain co-contaminants? Toxins (Basel) 13: 561.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

M. Harcarova
1
E. Conkova
2
S. Kolenicova
3
B. Holeckova
3
M. Proskovcova
2

  1. Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic
  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic
  3. Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have recently emerged as important bacterial pathogens of both animals and humans. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination of ten antibiotics with an inhibitor of efflux pumps (EPI), i.e. berberine (BER), against 6 strains of NTM. Our results showed that the BER potentiated the anti-mycobacterial activities of the antibiotics. Overall, our findings show the importance of BER in increasing the efficacy of antibiotics in NTM.
Go to article

Bibliography


Gaba S, Saini A, Singh G, Monga V (2021) An insight into the medicinal attributes of berberine derivatives: a review. Bioorg Med Chem 38: 116143.
Gentry EJ, Jampani HB, Keshavarz-Shokri A, Morton MD, Velde DV, Telikepalli H, Mitscher LA, Shawar R, Humble D, Baker W (1998) Antitubercular natural products: berberine from the roots of commercial hydrastis canadensis powder. Isolation of inactive 8-oxotetrahydrothalifendine, canadine, beta-hydrastine, and two new quinic acid esters, hycandinic acid esters-1 and -2. J Nat Prod 61: 1187-1193.
Guz L, Puk K (2022) Antibiotic susceptibility of mycobacteria isolated from ornamental fish. J Vet Res 66: 69-76.
Menichini M, Lari N, Rindi L (2020) Effect of efflux pump inhibitors on the susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium complex to clarithromycin. J Antibiot 73: 128-132.
Puk K, Guz L (2020) Occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. in ornamental fish. Ann Agric Environ Med 27: 535-539.
Song L, Wu X (2016) Development of efflux pump inhibitors in antituberculosis therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 47: 421-429.
Van Ingen J, Boeree MJ, Van Soolingen D, Mouton JW (2012) Resistance mechanisms and drug susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Drug Resist Updat 15: 149-161.
Wang Y, Fu H, Li Y, Jiang J, Song D (2012) Synthesis and biological evaluation of 8-substituted berberine derivatives as novel an-ti-mycobacterial agents. Acta Pharm Sin B 2: 581-587.
Zhou XY, Ye XG, He LT, Zhang SR, Wang RL, Zhou J, He ZS (2016) In vitro characterization and inhibition of the interaction between ciprofloxacin and berberine against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antibiot 69: 741-746.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

K. Puk
1
L. Guz
1

  1. Department of Biology and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Combined retrograde tracing and double-labelling immunofluorescence were used to investigate the distribution and chemical coding of neurons in testicular (TG) and aorticoerenal (ARG) ganglia supplying the urinary bladder trigone (UBT) in juvenile male pigs (n=4, 12 kg. of body weight). Retrograde fluorescent tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the wall of the bladder trigone under pentobarbital anesthesia. After three weeks all the pigs were deeply anesthetized and transcardially perfused with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde. TG and ARG, were collected and processed for double-labelling immunofluorescence. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), galanin (GAL), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) were investigated. The cryostat sections were examined with a Zeiss LSM 710 confocal microscope equipped with adequate filter blocks.
The TG and ARG were found to contain many FB-positive neurons projecting to the UBT (UBT-PN). The UBT-PN were distributed in both TG and ARG. The majority of them were found in the right ganglia, mostly in TG. Immunohistochemistry disclosed that the vast majority of UBT-PN were noradrenergic (TH- and/or DBH-positive). Many noradrenergic neurons contained also immunoreactivity to NPY, SOM or GAL. Most of the UBT-PN were supplied with VAChT-, or NOS- IR (immunoreactive) varicose nerve fibres.
This study has revealed a relatively large population of differently coded prevertebral neurons projecting to the porcine urinary bladder. As judged from their neurochemical organization these nerve cells constitute an important element of the complex neuro-endocrine system involved in the regulation of the porcine urogenital organ function.
Go to article

Bibliography

De Groat WC (1995) Mechanisms underlying the recovery of lower urinary tract function following spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 33: 493-505.
De Groat W, Yoshimura N (2015) Anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract. Handb Clin Neurol 130: 61-108.
De Groat WC, Griffiths D, Yoshimura N (2015) Neural control of the lower urinary tract. Compr Physiol 5: 327-396.
Lepiarczyk E, Bossowska A, Skowrońska A, Majewski M (2019) A study on preganglionic connections and possible viscerofugal projec-tions from urinary bladder intramural ganglia to the caudal mesenteric ganglion in the pig. J Anat 234: 263-273.
Pidsudko Z (2013) Immunohistochemical characteristics and distribution of neurons in the intramural ganglia supplying the urinary bladder in the male pig. Pol J Vet Sci 16: 629-638.
Pidsudko Z (2014) Immunohistochemical characteristics and distribution of neurons in the paravertebral, prevertebral and pelvic ganglia sup-plying the urinary bladder in the male pig. J Mol Neurosci 52: 56-70.
Pidsudko Z, Majewski M (2004) The distribution and chemical coding of porcine urinary bladder trigone-projecting neurons located in pre-vertebral ganglia other than IMG. Pol J Vet Sci 7 (Suppl): 97-99.
Pidsudko Z, Kaleczyc J, Majewski M, Lakomy M, Scheuermann DW, Timmermans JP (2001) Differences in the distribution and chemical coding between neurons in the inferior mesenteric ganglion supplying the colon and rectum in the pig. Cell Tissue Res 303: 147-158.
Pidsudko Z, Listowska Z, Franke-Radowiecka A, Klimczuk M, Załȩcki M, Kaleczyc J (2019) Distribution and chemical coding of urinary bladder apex-projecting neurons in aorticorenal and testicular ganglia of the male pig. Pol J Vet Sci 22: 427-430.
Russo D, Clavenzani P, Sorteni C, Bo Minelli L, Botti M, Gazza F, Panu R, Ragionieri L, Chiocchetti R (2013) Neurochemical features of boar lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion neurons and characterization of sensory neurons innervating the urinary bladder trigone. J Comp Neurol 521: 342-366.
Yamanishi T, Chapple C, Yasuda K, and Chess-Williams R (2002) The role of M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes in mediating contraction of the pig bladder base after cyclic adenosine monophosphate elevation and/or selective M3 inactivation. J Urol 167: 397-401.
Yoshimura N, Chancellor MB (2003) Neurophysiology of lower urinary tract function and dysfunction. Rev Urol (Suppl 8): S3-S10.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Z. Pidsudko
1
J. Godlewski
2
K. Wąsowicz
3

  1. Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  2. Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
  3. Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more