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Polish Psychological Bulletin

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Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2021 | vol. 52 | No 4

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Abstract

This study aimed to measure the hope level of Iranian English-major students and also to find out if their gender, academic degree, years spent in a program, and GPA were associated with their hope level. To reach these aims, the Integrative Hope Scale developed by Sharpe, McElheran, and Whelton (2017) was modified, checked for validity, and piloted. Then, it was distributed among 206 English-major students doing their BA, MA, and PhD in different universities of Iran, chosen through random and snowball sampling. The analysis of the data through non-parametric tests showed that although undergraduate and postgraduate students enjoyed a higher level of hope, there was no significant difference in the students’ hope level based on their academic degree. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between students’ levels of hope, on the one hand, and their GPA and the number of years spent in a program, on the other hand. However, there was a significant difference between male and female students, with males having a higher level of hope.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mansoor Ganji
1
ORCID: ORCID
Farzane Safarzade Samani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elahe Sadeghi
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
  2. Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract

Changing a problem’s representation is a crucial process when solving insight problems. Recently, Laukkonen and Tangen (2017) found that observing ambiguous figures such as a Necker Cube before solving problems can increase insight frequency. In our research, we extended their procedure by including measures of feelings of insight (e.g., confidence and pleasure). This approach allowed us to test the replicability of relationships between perceptual switching and insight frequency in terms of both accuracy of problem solutions and insight phenomenology. The research took the form of two studies using two different samples (NA = 68 and NB = 198) using online platforms. Our results consistently showed no effect of prior Necker cube perception on accuracy. However, we found a significant difference in self- reported insight (1 - non-aha! experience to 5 – a very strong aha! experience) in our Sample B study. The results suggest the possibility that viewing ambiguous figures may not have a triggering effect on insight problem-solving performance but that it may trigger stronger insight experiences when solving insight problems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Angelika Olszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agata Sobkow
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

This study aims to identify the potential predictors (i.e., financial well-being, mindfulness, and marital duration) of relationship satisfaction among married couples in Malaysia. Respondents were 156 Malaysian married couples from different races – Malay, Chinese, Indian, and others. All respondents responded to three questionnaires which are In Charge Financial Distress/ Financial Well-Being Scale (Prawitz et al., 2006), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003), and Couple Satisfaction Index (Funk & Rogge, 2007). A significant positive relationship was found between financial well-being and mindfulness with relationship satisfaction, meanwhile, no statistically significant relationship was found between marital duration and relationship satisfaction. Moreover, mindfulness is established to be the strongest predictor of relationship satisfaction among married couples in Malaysia. This result emphasized the role of mindfulness within the context of development and sustainability of marital relationships satisfaction in addition to general well-being.
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Authors and Affiliations

Athirah Yasmin Mohd Shakir
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dzilal Abdul Aziz
1
Suwathi Carmergam
1

  1. Management & Science University, Malaysia
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Abstract

Many studies have investigated the relationship between mindfulness and creativity; however, there are a limited number of studies on the neurological basis of this therapeutic approach using electroencephalogram (EEG). This study aimed at evaluating the effect of mindfulness on improving the creativity of healthy individuals. In this study, 7 healthy subjects (1 male and 6 females) with a mean age of 40.37 years and a standard deviation of 14.52 years received group mindfulness training for 8 weeks. They had no experience of mindfulness training up to that time. Before and after mindfulness training, EEG signal was recorded from all participants in eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions on Fz, C3, C4, and Pz electrodes. After data preprocessing, wavelet coefficients were extracted from each frequency band of EEG signal and evaluated using paired sample t-test and correlation methods. The gamma-band on C3 (t = 2.89, p=0.03) and Pz (t= 2.54, P = 0.04) significantly increased as a result of mindfulness training. Also, significant correlations were found between the anxiety and the gamma band in Pz (r = 0.76, P = 0.04) and Fz (r = 0.75, P = 0.04) channels and between arousal and the gamma band in the Fz channel (r=0.88, P = 0.008). Mindfulness training to promote creativity leads to the increase of gamma bands in the central and parietal regions.
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