Medical sciences

Folia Medica Cracoviensia

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Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2023 | Vol. 63 | No 3

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Abstract

The venous plexus of Rektorzik is a network of small veins, which enlace outside the wall of the internal carotid artery while it traverses the petrous part of the temporal bone. The anatomical and clinical issues related to the communication between the plexus of Rektorzik and other cranial venous structures were discussed in this paper.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
1
Grzegorz Goncerz
1

  1. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Objective: Evaluation of serum lactadherin level, its correlation with disease activity and certain biochemical parameters in IBD patients.
Methods: The study involved adult IBD patients, comprising 50 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 68 with Crohn’s disease (CD), and 29 healthy controls.
Results: The MFGE8 median concentration was significantly higher in UC versus controls (1914.54 vs. 1392.21; p = 0.017), but not in CD. The median MFGE8 levels in UC and CD patient groups didn’t significantly differ. There was a significant inverse correlation between MFGE8 and CRP (r = –0.283; p = 0.044) and fibrinogen (r = –0.362, p = 0.017) in UC. In active UC, MFGE8 median concentration was higher versus controls (1974.36 vs. 1392.21; p = 0.04) and negatively correlated with CRP (r = –0.482; p = 0.005), WBC (r = –0.391; p = 0.027), and fibrinogen (r = –0.473; p = 0.015). Inactive UC showed negative correlation only with fibrinogen (r = –0.567; p = 0.018). No correlations were found with disease activity measured using appropriate scales, age, BMI, or gender.
Conclusions: Active UC patients show higher MFGE8 levels. These increase inversely with inflamma-tory markers (CRP, WBC, fibrinogen) in active UC, but not in CD.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kamil Kozioł
1
Danuta Owczarek
1
Dorota Cibor
1
Małgorzata Zwolińska-Wcisło
1

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Introduction: The main goal of the present umbrella review was to provide the most up-to- date and evidence-based results regarding the various treatment options for tennis elbow (TE), which hopefully will significantly decrease the confusions existing in the literature. Furthermore, our study differs from past analytical studies because, as to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the first to provide independent (not in comparison to other treatment) statistical results regarding the effectiveness of each TE treatment.
Materials and Methods: Major medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, BIOSIS, and EBSCO were searched. The overall search process was conducted in 3 stages.
Results: A total of 40 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Out of those 40 meta-analyses, a total of 160 primary studies were screened in order to extract the data and perform a statistical analysis.
Conclusion: The present umbrella review underlines the efficiency of injection therapies, especially autologous blood, and platelet-rich plasma, while simultaneously proving the ineffectiveness of acupunc-ture and shock wave therapy as treatments for TE. Furthermore, the value of other known conservative treatment modalities, such as physical therapy, has been demonstrated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Bonczar
1 2
Patryk Ostrowski
1 2
Dawid Plutecki
2 3
Martyna Dziedzic
1 2
Jakub Florek
4
Weronika Michalik
1
Wojciech Przybycień
1
Paweł Depukat
1
Bartosz Rutowicz
1
Ewa Walocha
1 2
Mateusz Koziej
1 2

  1. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Youthoria. Youth Research Organization, Kraków, Poland
  3. Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
  4. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rydygier Hospital, Brzesko, Poland
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Abstract

Background: Despite advanced research and great progress in understanding the chronic pancreatitis (CP) pathogenesis, no current causal treatment for the condition is available. For preclinical studies, the existence of a well-characterized CP animal model is essential.
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of chronic pancreatitis on the antioxidant enzymes activity in rat blood serum and on the level of glutathione (intracellular antioxidant) in rat pancreas.
Methods: The experiments were carried out on the Wistar Kyoto rats in two groups: control and study group (CP), in which chemical induction of pancreatitis with dibutyl dichloride was performed. Serum enzyme activities of amylase, lipase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were analyzed. The levels of the following biochemical parameters were also investigated: total protein, albumin, calcium, magnesium, and triglycerides. Levels of low-molecular-weight thiols: reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, were determined in pancreatic homogenates.
Results: Histopathological imaging of rat pancreatic parenchyma with induced inflammation confirmed focal lymphocytic interstitial chronic pancreatitis with fibrosis features and mild parenchymal atrophy, as well as pancreatic islets degeneration. In the CP group, we observed a statistically significant decrease in serum amylase and lipase activities and in total protein/albumin levels. Also, the elevated catalase activity was registered. In CP rats’ tissues, we observed a 15-fold reduction in GSH levels. The other examined parameters remained unchanged. Clinically relevant are hypoalbuminemia and a moderate decrease in lipase activity. The described changes are most probably indicative of the impaired exocrine pancreas function, however without organ failure features.
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Authors and Affiliations

Patrycja Bronowicka-Adamska
1
Tomasz Hutsch
2
Dominika Szlęzak
1
Anna Bentke-Imiolek
1
Kinga Kaszuba
1
Piotr Ceranowicz
3
Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
1

  1. Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
  3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Eating disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting mainly young people in devel-oped countries. Among them, anorexia nervosa (AN) is the one with the highest mortality, up to five times higher compared to healthy individuals. The etiology of this medical condition is complex and still un-certain. However, disturbances of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and increased lipolysis resulting in a decrease of the adipose tissue volume are common findings among AN patients. Since ANS is directly connected to adipocyte tissue, thus significantly affecting the body’s metabolic homeostasis, we suspect that this relationship may be a potential pathophysiological underpinning for the development of AN. In this narrative review, we have analyzed scientific reports on ANS activity in AN considering different phases of the disease in humans as well as animal models. Due to the different effects of the disease itself on the ANS as well as specific variations within animal models, the common feature seems to be dysre-gulation of its function without the identification of one universal pattern. Nonetheless, higher norepi-nephrine concentrations have been reported in adipocyte tissue, suggesting local dominance of the sym-pathetic nervous system. Further studies should explore in depth the modulation of sympathetic in adipose tissue factor and help answer key questions that arise during this brief narrative review.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Boryczko
1 2
Kamil Skowron
1
Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
1
Krzysztof Gil
1

  1. Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The prevalence of TMD indicates a need to develop new tools that are useful in the case of screening examinations. These methods can support diagnosis at the early stage of the disorder. The purpose of this research was to develop a comprehensive tool that would function as both a database of sounds generated by TMJ and as software which facilitates automated diagnosis. The software would also use the data from the RDC/TMD questionnaire. Such a tool may significantly reduce the time spent by dentists on making manual RDC/TMD diagnoses. Moreover, this solution would enable dentists who do not specialise in TMD to make effective diagnoses. 95 patient took part in the clinical examination: 30 man and 65 females. The mean age of the participants was 33 years. Patients participating in the clinical process were examined according to the Polish version of the RDC/TMD questionnaire (Axis I and Axis II). Subsequently, all subjects were auscultated with an electronic stethoscope. An application has been im-plemented based on the RDC/TMD diagnostic flow chart. This tool was used for the automated generation of RDC/TMD diagnoses for all patients. As a result of the kind permission and participation of the patients under examination, it was possible to store records of ninety-five people. Each record contains RDC/TMD questionnaire data, auscultation signals and RDC/TMD diagnoses. For the first time, a database was created that has the potential to facilitate further examination. However, the developed system is universal and can therefore be adapted to new DC/TMD criteria.
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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Grochala
1
Marcin Kajor
2
Małgorzata Pihut
1
Jolanta E. Loster
3

  1. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Dental Prosthetics and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Kraków, Poland
  2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Kraków, Poland
  3. Prof. Loster’s Orthodontics, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Introduction: Our umbrella review aimed to summarize and revisit the evidence from all of the meta-analyses and systematic reviews regarding the treatments of oropharyngeal squamous cell carci-noma (OPSCC).
Materials and Methods: Major medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, BIOSIS, and EBSCO were searched. The overall search process was conducted in 3 stages.
Results: Finally, a total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Out of those 28 meta-analyses, a total of 315 primary studies were screened in order to extract the data and perform the statistical analysis. In total, data from 22,619 patients was analyzed.
Conclusion: The main objective of the present umbrella review was to summarize and analyze all of the evidence-based data provided by numerous meta-analyses and systematic reviews regarding the treatment of OPSCC. Our study delivers the most up-to-date and evidence-based results regarding the different therapeutic modalities of this malignancy in one concise review, making it the ultimate tool for physicians treating OPSCC.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dawid Plutecki
1
Elżbieta Szczepanek
2 3
Małgorzata Szczepanek
2
Ameen Nasser
4
Paweł Hajdyła
4
Paweł Wrona
4

  1. Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
  2. Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  3. Doctoral School in Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  4. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors with peak incidence between 5–14 and between 65–74 years of age. Treatment of choice is surgical resection, sometimes associated with radiation therapy. Complete tumor resection may be challenging. Radical surgery is particularly risky in older patients. Authors evaluate three cases of large cystic craniopharyngioma in patients in their 7th and 8th decade of life operated with the use of endoscopic technique. The postoperative follow-up period in which out-patient controls with imaging examinations were performed was up to 6 years. Symptoms of intracranial hypertension resolved in all patients in the immediate postoperative period. Visual acuity improved in two patients. No cases of aseptic meningitis have been reported. One patient underwent subsequent radio-therapy. The well-being of the operated patients continued.
Endoscopic transventricular approach to cystic craniopharyngiomas may be a safe and effective approach in older patients, being an alternative to microsurgical procedures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Stachura
1
Ewelina Grzywna
1
Maciej J. Frączek
1

  1. Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to review the current knowledge based on in vitro and in vivo studies, that evaluated the enamel damage connected with removal of metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets taking into account different debonding methods. Brackets fracture was also assessed. The protocol for this study was constructed according to the PRISMA statement. The literature review was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases in May 2021. The searching was repeated in Journal of Stomatology, Orthodontic Forum and grey literature was screened using Google Scholar. Out of eligible studies 207 were screened by title and abstract, 85 subjected to full-text analysis and 30 were qualified for the research. The prevalence of enamel fracture ranged from 0 to 94.4%. The results of our review do not allow to identify the manual method of debonding that minimizes the risk of enamel damage. Thermal method and laser irradiation reduce the risk of enamel fracture.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Gibas-Stanek
1
Piotr Pełka
2
Małgorzata Pihut
1

  1. Department of Prosthodontics and Orthodontics, Dental Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. 5th Military Clinical Hospital with Policlinic, Orthodontic Clinic, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The clinical issues related to the anatomical variation of the mandibular canal have been extensively analyzed since the 19th century. Evolving dentistry techniques and advancements in the prosthetics forced to collect detailed information about anatomical variations of the mandibular canal due to its neurovascular content. Therefore, its radiographic imaging became an essential part of the oral surgery, in order to avoid complications resulted from an accidental damage of the mandibular canal.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
1
Wojciech Ryniewicz
2
Grzegorz Goncerz
1
Magdalena Kozerska
1

  1. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Prosthodontics and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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