The present paper descriptively analyzes how the diminutive meaning of the adjectives belonging to the semantic field of SIZE in Polish and Russian, specifically mały and маленький respectively, has changed differently in each language, although both words come from the PS word *malъ. The aim of this article is to show, through dictionary entries and translation equivalents, that because the Russian standard adjective is effectively a diminutive with an -еньк- diminutive suffix (< малый), it typically conveys a stronger sense of ‘littleness’ than the Polish adjective mały, which typically conveys the meaning of ‘smallness’ than emotive meaning. Because of this, the semantic-pragmatic meanings of the derived/underived diminutive forms diverge. The differences between these adjectives plays an important role in the process of understanding the relationship between diminutive constructions in East and West Slavic languages, which is especially relevant to translators.
The paper presents results of numerical calculations of a diaphragm wall model executed in Poznań clay formation. Two selected FEM codes were applied, Plaxis and Abaqus. Geological description of Poznań clay formation in Poland as well as geotechnical conditions on construction site in Warsaw city area were presented. The constitutive models of clay implemented both in Plaxis and Abaqus were discussed. The parameters of the Poznań clay constitutive models were assumed based on authors’ experimental tests. The results of numerical analysis were compared taking into account the measured values of horizontal displacements.