This study focuses on the diachronic development of the discourse marker after all in English. Unlike other approaches by Traugott (1997) or Lewis (2007), the present analysis suggests that the uses of after all are not contingent on conventionalization, whereby stable meaning-form pairings emerge. The alternative proposed here is that the justificative and concessive uses of this and similar expressions follow naturally from the meanings of the individual lexical items found in these expressions. Thanks to the intuitive connection between the original meaning and the newly acquired uses, this discourse marker does not require as much consolidation as in the case of grammaticalized forms where the connection is less obvious.

The paper deals with the rituals performed by party participants, both hosts and guests. The theoretical basis for the study is Erving Goffman’s (1955, 1967) seminal work on interaction rituals. The rituals discussed here include greetings and introductions, compliments and responses to compliments, food offers and responses to them, and parting rituals. They are presented against two different cultural backgrounds, Polish and generally understood Anglo-Saxon. The data used in the analysis were gathered in Poland, England and the English-speaking part of Canada. Participant observation, interviews and introspection were the methods used to collect them.

Wodór postrzegany jest jako konkurencyjny ekonomicznie, przyjazny środowisku nośnik energii. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych procesu zgazowania polskiego węgla kamiennego ukierunkowanego na produkcję gazu bogatego w wodór, z jednoczesnym wychwytywaniem CO2 z otrzymanego gazu syntezowego na drodze absorpcji z zastosowaniem CaO. Badany węgiel pochodzi! z pokładów KWK Piast uważanej za jedną z potencjalnych dostawców węgla dla zgazowania przemysłowego, ze względu na zasoby, jakość, cenę i reaktywność surowca. Testy prowadzono w reaktorze ze złożem stałym w zakresie temperatur 948-I I 73K w trzech seriach: z dodatkiem CaO w układzie warstwowym (li), z dodatkiem CaO wymieszanym z próbką węgla (III) oraz bez dodatku CaO (!). Zastosowanie CaO wpłynęło na zwiększenie produkcji oraz zawartości procentowej wodoru w mieszaninie gazowych produktów reakcji w porównaniu z wynikami serii I. Zgodnie z oczekiwaniami lepsze wyniki w zakresie ilości produkowanego wodoru oraz jego zawartości procentowej uzyskano w przypadku wymieszania CaO z próbką węgla niż w układzie warstwowym. Efektywna absorpcja CO2 zaobserwowana została w przypadku testów prowadzonych z zastosowaniem CaO zmieszanego z węglem w stosunkowo niskich temperaturach. W wyższych temperaturach zaobserwowano zwiększenie stężenia CO2 w powstającym gazie.

Jonas Hassen Khemiri, born in 1978, is one of the most interesting contemporary Swedish and European writers with a Tunisian immigrant background. His second novel Montecore: en unik tiger ( Montecore: The Silence of the Tiger), published in 2006, has got an epistolary form deducted from the exchange of letters between Kadir and Jonas. However, the main character of the novel is Abbas Khemiri – the disappearing, estranged father of Jonas – a figure close to the real writer. Khemiri’s book has got an innovative linguistic form and contains many erudite references to the phenomena of popular culture. It is also a complex portrayal of the different generations of (mainly Arab-based) immigrant and post-immigrant communities in Sweden coupled with a nuanced look on bright and dark sides of the Swedish state, model of identity and integration. This material is enriched by the examples taken from Khemiri’s novel Everything I Don’t Remember and short story As You Would Have Told It To Me (Sort Of) If We Had Known Each Other Before You Died.

In this paper, a new class of bidimensional fractional linear systems is considered. The stability radius of the disturbed system is described according to the H _∞ norm. Sufficient conditions to ensure the stability margins of the closed-loop system are offered in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The concept of D stability region for these systems is also considered. Examples are provided to verify the applicability of our main result.

The Corded Ware culture societies inhabiting the Carpathian zone used various outcrops of flints to processing axes: Volhynian, Turonian (the Świeciechów and the Gościeradów types), Jurassic A and G-type, cretaceous K-type as well as siliceous marl and radiolarite. From the analysed area 81 axes associated with the Corded Ware culture are known. Most of them come from funeral sites — from grave pits or burial mounds. The predominance of the Volhynian flint is observable in the whole area to the east of Wisłok River, basins of the San River, and in the upper basins of the Tisza and Dniester Rivers. Axes from niche graves on the Rzeszów Foothills, where the Świeciechów flint prevails, are specific in this scope or raw materials distribution. Dispersion of flints can be used indirectly as basis for reconstructing movements of human groups using these raw materials, as well as determining directions of their interactions. It can be noticed that communities of the Corded Ware culture from the Dniester Basin resembled in this respect their counterparts from the Roztocze and the Sokal Ridge, while those from the Rzeszów Foothills shows connections both with the“Volhynian zone” and the Lesser Polish Małopolska Upland.

There may be circumstances where academic degrees or the title of professor are obtained deceitfully, i.e. in breach of copyrights or moral principles in science. Dishonesty in scientific research constitutes gross misconduct because it is executed in order to appropriate ideas, findings, collocations and theses of others, without accurate citation of the source. It also entails infringement of intellectual property rights. Scientific misconduct in ethical and legal aspect is explicit. It disqualifies the offender as a scientist. The unlawful act of obtaining an academic degree (Ph.D.) or the title of professor in such a deceitful manner, irrespective of how much time has passed, shall not make the resumption condition fall under the statute of limitations. Thus, it enables the reopening of procedures to deprive the person who deceitfully obtained an academic degree or title of this degree or title.