The purpose of the present article is an analysis of the possible applications of translation to psycholinguistic research. It is argued that it offers valuable insights into foreign language processing, especially comprehension, the mental representation of words, the interaction of different kinds of information and, last but not least, affective states. However, the use of translation also has some limitations which should be taken into account and, if necessary, it should be combined with other research tools.

The work concerns the influence of the method of numerical modelling of the connections of the roof truss and vaults with the walls of historic masonry objects structures on the local stress distribution in the walls. At the outset, the need to search for rational modelling was justified due to the large size of the calculation models and the erroneous results obtained with oversimplification of the model. Four methods of modelling the connections between the walls and roof truss and vaults were analysed. The first method was to describe the elements of walls and foundations as solid elements, the ribs of the vaults and the roof truss as beam elements, and the vaulting webs as shell elements. The remaining methods 2–4 describe the walls as shell elements. In places where the walls join with the roof truss and vaults, fictitious/fictional elements in the form of rigid horizontally-oriented shells were used in model No. 2. In model No. 3, fictitious rigid horizontally-oriented shell elements in addition to local rigid vertically-oriented shells were used, while in model No. 4, only fictitious rigid vertically-oriented shell elements with stepwise decreasing protrusions were introduced. The best solution in terms of local stress distribution turned out to be the description of connections with fictitious shell elements in the case of model No. 4. This approach slightly increases the number of unknowns, and makes the results of stresses in the connection areas realistic in relation to full modelling with solid finite elements.