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Abstract

A volume of poems Życia mego kwiat [ The Flower of My Life] by Maria Czajkowska, née Grabińska, published posthumously in 1921 – alongside her brother's (Stefan Grabiński) horror play Ciemne siły [ Dark Forces] – includes just over twenty poems, mostly sonnets, written in the poetic style characteristic of the Young Poland movement. Most of them seem to have been written between 1917 and 1918, after the death of Maria Czajkowska’s sister Jarosława; yet even those that may predate that tragic event are steeped in a mood of unrelieved melancholy and grief. Together, they can be read as a record of the poet’s spiritual biography, dominated by the trauma of waiting for death and the burden of a miserable and unhappy life. With her allegiance to Young Poland's mannered style, replete with metaphors of illness, demise and destruction, Czajkowska may appear outmoded in the post-war literary scene, and yet her poems cannot be denied an originality and authenticity of their own. Moreover, her dark introvertism is not unlike the Gothic strain of her brother’s popular fiction.
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Bibliography

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●Mazur A., Pod znakiem Saturna. Topika melancholii w późnej twórczości Elizy Orzeszkowej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Opole 2010.
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●Samborska-Kukuć D., Stefan Grabiński w świetle nowych źródeł, „Pamiętnik Literacki” 2021, z. 1, s. 163–170.
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●Sontag S., Choroba jako metafora. AIDS i jego metafory, przeł. Jarosław Anders, Wydawnictwo Karakter, Kraków 2016.
●Światy melancholii: w 500-lecie „Melencolii” Albrechta Dürera (1514–2014), red. M. Dybizbański, A. Mazur, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Opole 2016.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Samborska-Kukuć
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wydział Filologiczny, Instytut Filologii Polskiej i Logopedii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź
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Abstract

The research covered the determination: of the numbers or hcicrorrophic bacteria: psychrophil ic, psychrctolcrant, mcsophilic and percentage participation or hemolytic bacteria and .ieromonas hydrophila (with acrolysinc and hcmolysine genes) in the waters of the Drwęca River depending on environmental Ilictors and fishery management. The mean quantities 01· hclcrotrophic bacteria (Ht'C) at 4, 14 and 2~°C ranged: O. 78-7.57-101, 1.40-6.65-101 and 1.93-16.23- 103 efuen -3, respectively. The percentage participation 01· hemolytic heterotrophic bacteria (HemPC) and A. hvdrophila among psychrophilic, psychrotolcrant, mcsophilic microorganisms determined at 4, 14, 28°C, ranged: 7.9-10.4, 6.8-12.2, 8.6-22.0 ,111d 1.1-6.4%, respectively. Statistically significant correlation between examined bacteria and temperature values, flows and O2 saturations confirm that the occurrence of those microorganisms depends on the degree of microbiological contamination of that ecosystem, resulting from the fishery management and environmental factors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iwona Gołaś
Karol Korzekwa
Monika Harnisz
Izabella Zmysłowska
Mariusz Todorowicz
Elżbieta Terech-Majewska
Wiesława Rodziewicz
Mariola Bieńkowska
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Abstract

The paper presents research on using natural zcolitc modified for cleaning municipal sewage thoroughly. The research was carried out in laboratory scale in system composed of Sequencing Batch Reactors and filter bed with zeolitc modified with manganese ions. Synthetic sewage prepared on the basis of organic and mineral components was used for cleaning process. After biological treatment with activated sludge in the reactor, the sewage was directed to filtration column. Due to the fact that reactor was operating in cycles; the sewage was treated on the bed in portioned way and kept submerged. The research was carried out in a few stages: without regeneration of the bed, with periodic regeneration and cyclical after cach cycle of SBR reactor operation. Obtained results of nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon compounds removal were verified on real sewage. For that purpose biologically treated sewage was directed in a continuous way to a filtration column from secondary settling tank of sewage treatment plant, regenerating bed with different methods after exhausting its catalytic properties. Verification showed great effectiveness of used configuration for removal ammonia nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous compound from sewage. Decrease in electrical conductivity of sewage and a slight increase of nitrate nitrogen concentration was observed. The research showed great effectiveness of proposed filtration configuration for sewage treatment and a possibility of bed regeneration with keeping its work effectiveness.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna M. Anielak
Mariusz Wojnicz
Krzysztof Piaskowski

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