Operational amplifies (op amps) are an integral part of many analog and mixed-signal systems. Op amps with vastly different levels of complexity are used to realize functions ranging from DC bias generation to high-speed amplification or filtering. The design of op amps continues to pose a challenge as the supply voltage and transistor channel lengths scale down with each generation of CMOS technologies. The thesis deals with the analysis, design and layout optimization of CMOS op amps in deep Submicron (DSM) from a study case. Finally, layout optimizations of op amps will be given, in which propose optimization techniques to mitigate these DSM effects in the place-and-route stage of VLSI physical design.

The paper aims to review the corrosion properties of selected aluminum alloys applied in the automotive industry which are used in heat exchangers, bodyworks and car wires. Particular attention was focused on application of selected chemical compounds which added to corrosive environment in certain amounts lead to decrease of corrosion rate of protected aluminium alloy. Considered different environmental conditions which are simulating real vehicle exploitation. At review analyzed ability to application mentioned compounds on automotive parts, because there is needed fill of following requirements: environmentally friendly, relatively inexpensive and characterized by long-term performance under certain conditions. Main conclusion of review is that there are needed extension of research regarding to application of inhibitive compounds especially on the surface of cars wires.