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Hardware Implementation of an Enhanced Security and Authentication-Related Automotive CAN Bus Prototype

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 1 | 83-88 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.144335

Keywords CAN automotive security attack authentication

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Abstract

In this paper a new security technique aiming to ensure safe and reliable communications between different nodes on an automotive Controller Area Network (CAN) is presented. The proposed method relies on a robust authentication code using Blake-3 as a hash algorithm within an adapted structure that includes a monitor node. A prototype is implemented and run effectively to perform hardware simulations of real case-based security problems of automotive embedded CAN systems. As a result, data transfer can take place on a newly enhanced CAN bus according to the standard protocol without being intercepted nor tampered with by unauthorized parties thereby highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

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Authors and Affiliations

Asmae Zniti

Nabih EL Ouazzani

Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FST), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Signals Systems and Components Laboratory (LSSC), Fez, Morocco

The Effect of Reclaim Primary Quality on Moulding Sand Parameters and Quality of Ductile Iron Casting Surface Layer

J. Kamińska M. Angrecki S. Puzio M. Stachowicz

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2022 | vol. 22 | No 2 | 83-88 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2022.140229

Keywords Foundry industry Furfuryl resin Reclaim Self-hardening moulding sand Surface quality

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Abstract

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the primary quality of reclaim from dry mechanical reclamation on the strength properties and service life of moulding sands based on this reclaim. Another aim was to establish the effect of the quality of reclaim, sulphur content - in particular, on the surface quality and thickness of the deformed surface layer in ductile iron castings. The research has revealed differences in the strength parameters and service life (mouldability) of sands based on the tested reclaims, depending on the type of the furfuryl resin used, including resins whose synthesis was done as part of the Żywfur project. Examinations of the structure of the surface layer of test castings poured in moulds made of loose self-hardening sands containing the addition of reclaim have confirmed the occurrence of degenerated spheroidal graphite in this part of the casting. It should be noted here that when massive castings with a long solidification time are made, the graphite degeneration effect can be more visible and the layer with the changed structure can increase in thickness. The research has clearly shown that it is necessary to control the parameters of the reclaim, including sulphur content which is transferred from the hardener and accumulates on the grains. This phenomenon has a negative impact not only on the sand strength and technological properties but also on the surface layer of castings.

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Bibliography

[1] Lewandowski, J.L. (1997). Materials for foundry moulds. Kraków: WN Akapit. ISBN: 83-7108-21-2 (in Polish).
[2] Kamińska, J., Puzio, S., Angrecki, M., Stachowicz, M. & Łoś, A. (2019). Preliminary tests of innovative eco-friendly furfuryl resins and foundry sand mixtures based on these resins. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 20(9), 285-292, DOI: 10.12911/22998993/112510.
[3] Acharya, S.G., Vadher, J.A. & Kanjariya, P.V. (2016). Identification and quantification of gases releasing from furan no bake binder. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 16(3), 5-10. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0039.
[4] Chate, G.R., Patel, GC M., Deshpande, A.S. & Parappagoudar, M.B. (2018). Modeling and optimization of furan moulding sand system using design of experiments and particle swarm optimization. Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering. 232(5), 1-20. DOI: 10.1177/0954408917728636.
[5] Sappinen, T., Orkas, J. & Konqvist, T. (2018). Thermal Reclamation of Foundry Sands Using Repurposed Sand Dryer Equipment. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 18(4), 99-102. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2018.125176.
[6] Kamińska, J., Puzio, S., Angrecki, M. & Łoś, A. (2020). Effect of reclaim addition on the mechanical and technological properties of moulding sands based on pro-ecological furfuryl resin. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 65(4), 1425-1429. DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.133709.
[7] Yan-lei, L., Guo-hua, W., Wen-cai, L., An-tao, C., Liang, Z. & Ying-xin Wang, W. (2017). Effect of reclaimed sand additions on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of furan no-bake resin sand. China Foundry. 14(2), 128-137. DOI: 10.1007/s41230-017-6024-3.
[8] Holtzer, M., Dańko, R., Kmita, A., Drożyński, D., Kubecki, M., Skrzyński, M. & Roczniak, A. (2020). Environmental impact of the reclaimed sand addition to moulding sand with furan and phenol-formaldehyde resin—A comparison, Materials. 13(19), 4395; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194395.
[9] Holtzer, M., Dańko, R. & Kmita, A. (2016). Influence of a reclaimed sand addition to moulding sand with furan resin on its impact on the environment. Water Air and Soil Pollution. 227(16), 1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2707-9.
[10] Hosadyna, M. (2012). The effect of sulphur contained in self-hardening moulding sands on the structure of surface layer in ductile iron castings. Doctoral dissertation, Kraków. (in Polish).
[11] Holtzer, M., Zych, J. & Retel, K. (1996). The effect of mould-liquid cast iron interaction on the surface quality of castings. Przegląd Odlewnictwa. 6(1996), 129-134. (in Polish).
[12] Riposan, I., Chisamera, M., Stan, S., Skaland, T. (2008). Surface graphite degeneration in ductile iron castings for resin molds. Tsinghua Science and Technology. 13(2), 157-163.
[13] Linke, T., Sluis, J.R. (1993). The influence of coatings on the graphite structure in the rim-zone of ductile iron castings. 60th World Foundry Congress, The Netherlands
[14] Hosadyna, M., Dobosz, St.M. & Jelinek, P. (2009). The diffusion of sulphur from moulding sand to cast and methods of its elimination. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 9(4), 73-76.
[15] Sheladiya, M.V., Acharya, S.G., Mehta, K., Acharya, G.D. (2019). Evaluate sulphur diffusion at mould-metal interface in no-bake mould system. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 19(1), 63-70. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2018.125193.
[16] Anca, D., Stan, I., Chisamera, M., Riposan, I. & Stan, S. (2021). Experimental study regarding the possibility of blocking the diffusion of sulfur at casting-mold interface in ductile iron castings. Coatings. 11(673), 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060673.
[17] Dańko, J., Dańko, R. & Łucarz, M. (2007). Processes and devices for the matrix regeneration of spent molding sands. Kraków: WN Akapit. ISBN: 978-83-89541-88-8 (in Polish).
[18] Holtzer, M., Bobrowski, A., Drożyński, D., Isendorf, B., Mazur, (2012). Influence of the reclaim on the properties of moulding sands with furfuryl resin applied for moulds for manganese steel castings. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 12(1), 57-62.
[19] Dańko, R., Górny, M., Holtzer, M., Żymankowska-Kumon, S. (2014). Effect of the quality of furan moulding sand on the skin layer of ductile iron castings. ISIJ International. 54(6), 1288-1293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.1288.
[20] Pałyga, Ł., Stachowicz, M., Granat, K. (2015). Evaluation of 2D and 3D surface roughness of die castings from alloy AlSi9Cu3. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 15(1), 75-80.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Kamińska

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M. Angrecki

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S. Puzio

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ORCID:

M. Stachowicz

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ORCID:

Łukasiewicz Research Network – Krakow Institute of Technology, Poland
Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poland

Peritectic Determination by a Melt Deck Thermal Analysis System

R.B. Tuttle

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2019 | vol. 19 | No 1 | 83-88 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2018.125196

Keywords thermal analysis solidification continuous casting Peritectic

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Abstract

There has been a growing interest in the peritectic due to increasing productivity, quality, and alloy development. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has traditionally been used to study steel solidification but suffers significant limitations when measuring the solidus and peritectic. This work covers a new thermal analysis system that can characterize the peritectic reaction. Heats of AISI/SAE 1030 and 4130 steel were poured to provide some benchmarking of this new technique. The peritectic was detected and the reaction temperature measured. Measurements agree reasonably well with reference information. A review of the literature and thermodynamic calculations did find some disagreement on the exact temperatures for the peritectic and solidus. Some of this difference appears to be related to the experimental techniques employed. It was determined that the system developed accurately indicates these reaction temperatures. The system provides a unique method for examining steel solidification that can be employed on the melt deck.

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Authors and Affiliations

R.B. Tuttle

The implementation and the performance analysis of the multi-channel software-based lock-in amplifier for the stiffness mapping with atomic force microscope (AFM)

A. Sikora Ł. Bednarz

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2012 | 60 | No 1 | 83-88 | DOI: 10.2478/v10175-012-0012-y

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Sikora

Ł. Bednarz

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Hardware Implementation of an Enhanced Security and Authentication-Related Automotive CAN Bus Prototype

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

The Effect of Reclaim Primary Quality on Moulding Sand Parameters and Quality of Ductile Iron Casting Surface Layer

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Peritectic Determination by a Melt Deck Thermal Analysis System

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

The implementation and the performance analysis of the multi-channel software-based lock-in amplifier for the stiffness mapping with atomic force microscope (AFM)

Authors and Affiliations