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Abstract

The paper is focused on the research of ecotoxicological properties of mortar prisms produced with partial cement replacement by ash from energy recovery of municipal waste. Two types of ash were used: ash from incineration and ash from municipal waste gasifi cation. According to the Waste Catalogue, ash is considered other waste, which is non-hazardous and nowadays it is predominantly landfi lled. Negative results of standardized biotests are inevitable precondition for the use of ash for construction products. The results from both biotests (acute toxicity test on aquatic organisms Daphnia magna and growth inhibition test of higher cultivated plants Sinapis alba) confi rmed suitability of cement replacement by ash from energy recovery of municipal waste. Environmental safety of produced mortar prisms is different. Recommended replacement of cement with ash, obtained from municipal waste gasifi cation, is 10% and with ash gained from incineration is 15%. The use of this type of waste in construction industry will lead to the decrease of landfi lled waste. Due to the replacement of cement with waste (from industrial branches) natural resources of raw materials used in the process of cement production are saved.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarmila Fialová
Helena Hybská
Dagmar Samešová
Martina Lobotková
Darina Veverková
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Abstract

The article deals with the possibilities of regenerating operating fluids, assessing the composition of new, used, and regenerated oils by evaluating their toxicity and proposing the environmentally friendly regeneration method. The focus lies on two methods of regeneration of waste operating fluids: distillation and electrostatic cleaning. Oil samples, regenerated through these methods, were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass detection. The variance in composition among new, used, and regenerated oils depends on the method of regeneration. Properties of hydrocarbons exhibiting ecotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and other effects were identified using safety data sheets and databases like Pubchem, ChemicalBook. Analyzing HLP 46 oil (samples of new, unused, used and regenerated oil) revealed that the most toxic hydrocarbons (acetane, heptacosane, nonacosane) were absent after regeneration through electrostatic cleaning. Comparing the composition of operating fluids before and after regeneration, it was established that the most environmentally favorable regeneration method is electrostatic cleaning, which maintains the original properties of the operating fluids intended for use. Operating fluids regenerated via electrostatic cleaning contain fewer toxic hydrocarbons, making them more favorable concerning human health and the environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Helena Hybská
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eszter Turčániová
1
ORCID: ORCID
Martin Krempa
2
Pavel Timár
3
ORCID: ORCID
Ladislav Štibrányi
4
ORCID: ORCID
Tamás Rétfalvi
5
ORCID: ORCID
Martina Mordáčová
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia
  2. Hireco Fluid s.r.o., Bytča, Slovakia
  3. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
  4. Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
  5. Institute of Environment and Nature Protection, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary

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