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Abstract

Contemporary sensorless AC drives require the use of electromechanical quantities estimation. The skin effect occurring in AC machines with solid secondary or with solid secondary elements causes machines of this type to be represented by equivalent circuits containing distributed elements, which makes the analysis of machine electrodynamic states more complicated and hinders the construction of relatively simple and effective estimators of electromechanical quantities. The variability of rotor parameters is modelled, with a good approximation, by the machine secondary multi-loop equivalent circuit with lumped elements. In this paper the construction procedure of electromechanical state variable estimators basing on this type of equivalent circuit will be presented. The simulation investigations of the created electromechanical quantities estimators, performed for the selected states of solid iron rotor AC machine operation will be shown as well.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Kaplon
G. Utrata
J. Rolek
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Abstract

Accurate information on Induction Motor (IM) speed is essential for robust operation of vector controlled IM drives. Simultaneous estimation of speed provides redundancy in motor drives and enables their operation in case of a speed sensor failure. Furthermore, speed estimation can replace its direct measurement for low-cost IM drives or drives operated in difficult environmental conditions. During torque transients when slip frequency is not controlled within the set range of values, the rotor electromagnetic time constant varies due to the rotor deep-bar effect. The model-based schemes for IM speed estimation are inherently more or less sensitive to variability of IM electromagnetic parameters. This paper presents the study on robustness improvement of the Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) based speed estimator to variability of IM electromagnetic parameters resulting from the rotor deep-bar effect. The proposed modification of the MRAS-based speed estimator builds on the use of the rotor flux voltage-current model as the adjustable model. The verification of the analyzed configurations of the MRAS-based speed estimator was performed in the slip frequency range corresponding to the IM load adjustment range up to 1.30 of the stator rated current. This was done for a rigorous and reliable assessment of estimators’ robustness to rotor electromagnetic parameter variability resulting from the rotor deep-bar effect. The theoretical reasoning is supported by the results of experimental tests which confirm the improved operation accuracy and reliability of the proposed speed estimator configuration under the considered working conditions in comparison to the classical MRAS-based speed estimator.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Rolek
Grzegorz Utrata
Andrzej Kaplon
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Abstract

The process of investment casting of AZ91 magnesium alloy open-cell porosity foams was analysed. A basic investment casting technique was modified to enable the manufacturing of magnesium foams of chosen porosities in a safe and effective way. Various casting parameters (mould temperature, metal pouring temperature, pressure during metal pouring and solidifying) were calculated and analysed to assure complete mould filling and to minimize surface reactions with mould material. The foams manufactured with this method have been tested for their mechanical strength and collapsing behaviour. The AZ91 foams acquired in this research turned out to have very high open porosity level (>80%) and performed with Young’s modulus of ~30 MPa on average. Their collapsing mechanism has turned out to be mostly brittle. Magnesium alloy foams of such morphology may find their application in fields requiring lightweight materials of high strength to density ratio or of high energy absorption properties, as well as in biomedical implants due to magnesium’s high biocompatibility and its mechanical properties similar to bone tissue.
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Bibliography

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[5] Sivasankaran, S. & Mallawi, F.O.M. (2021). Numerical study on convective flow boiling of nanoliquid inside a pipe filling with aluminum metal foam by two-phase model. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 26, 101095, 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/J.CSITE.2021.101095.
[6] Naplocha, K., Koniuszewska, A., Lichota, J. & Kaczmar, J. W. (2016). Enhancement of heat transfer in PCM by cellular Zn-Al structure. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 16(4), 91-94. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0090.
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[11] Anglani, A. & Pacella, M. (2018). Logistic regression and response surface design for statistical modeling of investment casting process in metal foam production. Procedia CIRP. 67, 504-509. DOI: 10.1016/J.PROCIR.2017.12.252.
[12] Wang, Y., Jiang, S., Wu, Z., Shao, H., Wang, K., & Wang, L. (2018). Study on the inhibition influence on gas explosions by metal foam based on its density and coal dust. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 56, 451-457. DOI: 10.1016/J.JLP.2018.09.009.
[13] Hua, L., Sun, H. & Gu Jiangsu, J. (2016). Foam metal metamaterial panel for mechanical waves isolation. Proceedings of the SPIE, 9802 (id.98021R), 8. DOI: 10.1117/12.2219470.
[14] Marx, J., & Rabiei, A. (2017). Overview of composite metal foams and their properties and performance. Advanced Engineering Materials, 19(11), 1600776. DOI: 10.1002/ADEM.201600776.
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Authors and Affiliations

H. Kapłon
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Dmitruk
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Naplocha
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
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Abstract

A method for the open-cell aluminum foams manufacturing by investment casting was presented. Among mechanical properties, compressive behaviour was investigated. The thermal performance of the fabricated foams used as heat transfer enhancers in the heat accumulator based on phase change material (paraffin) was studied during charging-discharging working cycles in terms of temperature distribution. The influence of the foam on the thermal conductivity of the system was examined, revealing a two-fold increase in comparison to the pure PCM. The proposed castings were subjected to cyclic stresses during PCM’s subsequent contraction and expansion, while any casting defects present in the structure may deteriorate their durability. The manufactured heat transfers enhancers were found suitable for up to several dozen of cycles. The applied solution helped to facilitate the heat transfer resulting in more homogeneous temperature distribution and reduction of the charging period’s duration.
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Bibliography

[1] Bisht, A., Patel, V.K. & Gangil, B. (2019). Future of metal foam materials in automotive industry. In Jitendra K. K., Shantanu B., Vinay K. P. & Vikram K. (Eds.), Automotive Tribology, (pp. 51-63). Springer, Singapore, DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0434-1_4.
[2] Almonti, D., Baiocco, G., Mingione, E. & Ucciardello, N. (2020). Evaluation of the effects of the metal foams geometrical features on thermal and fluid-dynamical behavior in forced convection. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 111(3), 1157-1172. DOI: 10.1007/S00170-020-06092-1.
[3] Sivasankaran, S. & Mallawi, F.O.M. (2021). Numerical study on convective flow boiling of nanoliquid inside a pipe filling with aluminum metal foam by two-phase model. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 26, 101095. DOI: 10.1016/J.CSITE.2021.101095.
[4] Anglani, A., Pacella, M. (2021). Binary Gaussian Process classification of quality in the production of aluminum alloys foams with regular open cells. In 14th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, 15-17 July 2020 (pp. 307–312). Gulf of Naples, Italy: The International Academy for Production Engineering.
[5] Anglani, A., Pacella, M. (2018). Logistic Regression and Response Surface Design for Statistical Modeling of Investment Casting Process in Metal Foam Production. In 11th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, 19-21 July 2017 (pp. 504–509). Gulf of Naples, Italy: The International Academy for Production Engineering.
[6] Kryca, J., Iwaniszyn, M., Piątek, M., Jodłowski, P.J., Jędrzejczyk, R., Pędrys, R., Wróbel, A., Łojewska, J., Kołodziej, A. (2016). Structured foam reactor with CuSSZ-13 catalyst for SCR of NOx with ammonia. Topics in Catalysis. 59(10), 887-894. DOI: 10.1007/S11244-016-0564-4.
[7] Alamdari, A. (2015). Performance assessment of packed bed reactor and catalytic membrane reactor for steam reforming of methane through metal foam catalyst support. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 27, 934-944. DOI: 10.1016/J.JNGSE.2015.09.037.
[8] Vilniškis, T., Januševičius, T. & Baltrėnas, P. (2020). Case study: Evaluation of noise reduction in frequencies and sound reduction index of construction with variable noise isolation. Noise Control Engineering Journal. 68(3), 199-208. DOI: 10.3397/1/376817.
[9] Hua, L., Sun, H. & Gu Jiangsu, J. (2016). Foam metal metamaterial panel for mechanical waves isolation. Conference: SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring. DOI: 10.1117/12.2219470.
[10] Wang, Y., Jiang, S., Wu, Z., Shao, H., Wang, K. & Wang, L. (2018). Study on the inhibition influence on gas explosions by metal foam based on its density and coal dust. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 56, 451-457. DOI: 10.1016/J.JLP.2018.09.009.
[11] Marx, J. & Rabiei, A. (2017). Overview of composite metal foams and their properties and performance. Advanced Engineering Materials. 19(11), 1600776. DOI: 10.1002/ADEM.201600776.
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[25] Naplocha, K., Koniuszewska, A., Lichota, J. & Kaczmar, J. W. (2016). Enhancement of heat transfer in PCM by vellular Zn-Al structure. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 16(4), 91-94. DOI: 10.1515/AFE-2016-0090

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Dmitruk
1
ORCID: ORCID
H. Kapłon
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Naplocha
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Lightweight Elements Engineering, Foundry and Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland

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