Statistical Process Control (SPC) based on the well known Shewhart control charts, is widely used in contemporary manufacturing

industry, including many foundries. However, the classic SPC methods require that the measured quantities, e.g. process or product

parameters, are not auto-correlated, i.e. their current values do not depend on the preceding ones. For the processes which do not obey this

assumption the Special Cause Control (SCC) charts were proposed, utilizing the residual data obtained from the time-series analysis. In the

present paper the results of application of SCC charts to a green sand processing system are presented. The tests, made on real industrial

data collected in a big iron foundry, were aimed at the comparison of occurrences of out-of-control signals detected in the original data

with those appeared in the residual data. It was found that application of the SCC charts reduces numbers of the signals in almost all cases

It is concluded that it can be helpful in avoiding false signals, i.e. resulting from predictable factors.

The aim of the paper was an attempt at applying the time-series analysis to the control of the melting process of grey cast iron in production conditions. The production data were collected in one of Polish foundries in the form of spectrometer printouts. The quality of the alloy was controlled by its chemical composition in about 0.5 hour time intervals. The procedure of preparation of the industrial data is presented, including OCR-based method of transformation to the electronic numerical format as well as generation of records related to particular weekdays. The computations for time-series analysis were made using the author’s own software having a wide range of capabilities, including detection of important periodicity in data as well as regression modeling of the residual data, i.e. the values obtained after subtraction of general trend, trend of variability amplitude and the periodical component. The most interesting results of the analysis include: significant 2-measurements periodicity of percentages of all components, significance 7-day periodicity of silicon content measured at the end of a day and the relatively good prediction accuracy obtained without modeling of residual data for various types of expected values. Some practical conclusions have been formulated, related to possible improvements in the melting process control procedures as well as more general tips concerning applications of time-series analysis in foundry production.

The purpose of this paper was testing suitability of the time-series analysis for quality control of the continuous steel casting process in

production conditions. The analysis was carried out on industrial data collected in one of Polish steel plants. The production data

concerned defective fractions of billets obtained in the process. The procedure of the industrial data preparation is presented. The

computations for the time-series analysis were carried out in two ways, both using the authors’ own software. The first one, applied to the

real numbers type of the data has a wide range of capabilities, including not only prediction of the future values but also detection of

important periodicity in data. In the second approach the data were assumed in a binary (categorical) form, i.e. the every heat(melt) was

labeled as ‘Good’ or ‘Defective’. The naïve Bayesian classifier was used for predicting the successive values. The most interesting results

of the analysis include good prediction accuracies obtained by both methodologies, the crucial influence of the last preceding point on the

predicted result for the real data time-series analysis as well as obtaining an information about the type of misclassification for binary data.

The possibility of prediction of the future values can be used by engineering or operational staff with an expert knowledge to decrease

fraction of defective products by taking appropriate action when the forthcoming period is identified as critical.

The presented article examines aspects of a PV module testing using natural sunlight in outdoor conditions. The article discusses the physical sense of indexes: atmosphere purity, diffused component content, beam clear sky index. Procedures for their determination are given in relation to both instantaneous and daily values. Their close connection with the values of solar irradiance spectral distribution such as Average Photon Energy and Useful Fraction is demonstrated, as well as their usefulness in module testing in outdoor conditions. Their influence on the conversion of modules made from various absorbers and various technologies is demonstrated

The article regards aspects of PV modules tested with the use of natural sunlight. The analysis of spectral structure of solar energy resources in southern Poland, carried out on the basis of meteorological data originating from SolarLab PW Wrocław and AGH Kraków, Poland [1] was used in the article. It is a continuation of the article: Analysis of solar energy resources in southern Poland for photovoltaic applications [1], describing the method to determine spectral parameters of average photon energy (APE) and useful fraction (UF) with the use of a solar radiation spectrum simulator. This article, however, includes an experimental presentation of their impact on PV conversion of modules with different absorbers. Theory and practice of the measurements were described with the use of spectral parameters such as: UF, APE. Their influence on the efficiency of modules’ photovoltaic conversion with various spectral characteristics of absorbers was presented. The most recent methods described, which characterise the structure of solar energy resources such as annual distributions of APE and UF, have not been commonly used yet in Poland and other countries, even though they most precisely define adjustment of the spectral factor to the selected PV module.

Practical application of UF, in detection of absorber type used in the tested PV module/cell is demonstrated in the final part of the article.

The subject of the article is aspects of PV modules and cells measurement, with the use of natural sunlight. A light source is an important element during calibration and measurements of solar cells and modules. All designers of artificial light sources try to recreate natural light using so called measurement tables. The correctly performed measurement, i.e. meeting all the appropriate atmospheric conditions, guarantees obtaining the result with the use of a reference spectrum. The article has two main aims. The first aim of the article is to answer the question asked earlier - if the sunlight spectrum registered in appropriate conditions is so good that it serves as the reference spectrum - then, in practice, during measurements carried out with its use, certain problems occur regarding the correct measurement results or their interpretation. The second aim regards presenting detailed numeric procedures in order to enable readers to associate air mass with geographical coordinates and Local Solar Time of their study/laboratory location. Moreover, having the data from their local meteorological station, they will be able to estimate the occurrence of the measurement spectral error of the tested cell/module not only from the group referred to in the article but also for others, for which they have a dedicated characteristics of spectral response.

This article looks at Iranian television series and how their creators dealt with historical themes, especially those related to the Qajar dynasty and the Iranian Constitutional Movement. The study is focused on the works of three selected Iranian filmmakers - Ali Hatami, Mohammad Reza Varzi, and Mehran Modiri. Its main objective is to identify the dominant approach to history they have applied in their works. By analyzing their television activities, the paper discusses debates that accompanied serials broadcast, their reception among the critics, and seeks to reflect on the place and role historical productions play in the cultural, social, or political context in modern Iran.

The 13th-century Persian poet Saʿdi from Shiraz is considered to be one of the most prominent representatives of medieval Persian ethical literature. His works full of moralizing anecdotes were well known and widely read not only in Persia, but in the other parts of the Islamic world as well. Due to his highly humanistic approach, the relations between people were one of the most important issues discussed by the poet. This article is an attempt to define the status of ‘speech’ in Saʿdi’s moral imagination and to show how it becomes a key instrument in shaping relations with others. In the poet’s opinion, the right words reasonably spoken, just like an appropriate silence, shape the relationship between people and help them avoid conflict and open dispute. Quarrels and confrontations, according to the poet, not only damage a person literally by exposing his flaws and imperfections of character, thereby compromising his reputation (aberu), but may also undermine the basis of social life, generating hostility between people. That is why Saʿdi urges his readers to use soft and gentle speech in dealing with people and always behave in a conciliatory manner in response to aggression and rudeness. Highlighting the moral aspect of speech, Saʿdi shows how kind words form an invisible veil between people, which should be preserved if man desires to maintain his image, good name and dignity.

This study aimed to determine the influence of the electric current density on the rate of nitrogen compounds removal (r_N) and the specific rate of denitrification (r_D) in a rotating electrochemical disk contractor (RECDC) and a rotating electro-biological disk contactor (REBDC). In REBDC and RECDC, the cathode consisted of disks with immobilized biomass and disk, from which biofilm was periodically removed, respectively. An aluminum anode was mounted in contactor chambers. The study was conducted using synthetic wastewater with characteristics similar to wastewater from soilless cultivation of tomatoes. The first stage of the study determined r_N and r_D in the RECDC. The second stage determined r_N and r_D in the REBDC. Four hydraulic retention times (HRT) were tested: 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h, with electric current densities of 0.63 A/m², 1.25 A/m², 2.50 A/m², 5.00 A/m², and 10.00 A/m². In RECDC, a linear dependency was observed between r_N and current density in the examined HRTs, whereas in REBDC, a logarithmic dependency was confirmed between r_N and current density. In both contactors, an exponential dependency was observed between r_D and current density. The specific rate of denitrification decreased when the current density and HRT were increased. The study showed that, in both contactors, the rate of total nitrogen removal increased when the current density was increased and the HRT was decreased.

The paper presents the propagation assessment and power quality parameters improvement system in power distribution grid. In this work main functionalities of the system are described focusing on the individual assessment module. The module is using CIRED/CIGRE C4.109 method which is based on the 10-minutes aggregated data. Three cases of individual emission assessment using real measurement data in the distribution system operator environment ware analyzed. The obtained results confirmed the legitimacy of using 10-minute data to assess the emissions of harmonics.

The research covered the determination: of the numbers or hcicrorrophic bacteria: psychrophil ic, psychrctolcrant, mcsophilic and percentage participation or hemolytic bacteria and .ieromonas hydrophila (with acrolysinc and hcmolysine genes) in the waters of the Drwęca River depending on environmental Ilictors and fishery management. The mean quantities 01· hclcrotrophic bacteria (Ht'C) at 4, 14 and 2~°C ranged: O. 78-7.57-101, 1.40-6.65-101 and 1.93-16.23- 103 efuen -3, respectively. The percentage participation 01· hemolytic heterotrophic bacteria (HemPC) and A. hvdrophila among psychrophilic, psychrotolcrant, mcsophilic microorganisms determined at 4, 14, 28°C, ranged: 7.9-10.4, 6.8-12.2, 8.6-22.0 ,111d 1.1-6.4%, respectively. Statistically significant correlation between examined bacteria and temperature values, flows and O2 saturations confirm that the occurrence of those microorganisms depends on the degree of microbiological contamination of that ecosystem, resulting from the fishery management and environmental factors.