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Abstract

The objective of biological control is to reduce chemical treatments on crops. To reduce aphid attacks with the use lady beetles is a positive, respectful alternative since it can maintain an ecological balance. In order to achieve this objective, the Algerian seven-spotted lady beetle ( Coccinella algerica) was bred under laboratory conditions, and biological parameters of this species were studied. The study, conducted from April to May, showed that temperature and relative humidity greatly affected the incubation time of C. algerica eggs. Egg fertility was very high and reached up to 100%. The present work highlighted that the developmental cycle of this lady beetle from the Beni-Douala area (Tizi-Ouzou) passes through five larval stages. The fifth instar larva was recorded for the first time. Indeed, all studies carried out to date have identified only four larval stages in this species and have never mentioned the existence of L5, meaning that this result is original.
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Bibliography

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3. Benoufella-Kitous K. 2015. Bioecology of aphids from different cultures and their natural enemies in Oued Aissi and Draâ Ben Khedda (Tizi-Ouzou). Doctoral thesis. National Agronomic School of El Harrach, Algiers, 334 p. (in French, with English abstract)
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Authors and Affiliations

Karima Benoufella-Kitous
1
Naima Mehalli-Ouldkadi
2
Katia Temzi
1

  1. Laboratory of Production, Improvement and Protection of Plants, Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
  2. Laboratory of Production, Safeguard of Threatened Species and Crops, Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
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Abstract

The benefits of Lagos spinach ( Celosia argentea L.) as a medicinal plant and leafy vegetable encourage its production. However, goat weed ( Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a common weed in the agroecological region where C. argentea thrives. Evaluation of the goat weed effect on C. argentea is necessary since the impact of crop-weed interaction varies with species and density. A screen-house study comprising a C. argentea plant with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 goat weed plants per pot were laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated six times. The experimental treatments were equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 goat weed plants per square meter. Growth parameters of C. argentea, such as plant height, number of leaves and number of branches, were recorded weekly. The study also analyzed weight, moisture, ash, lipid, dietary fiber, protein, and carbohydrate content of C. argentea after harvest. The results showed that all the goat weed densities negatively impacted the growth of C. argentea. However, 8 and 10 goat weed plants per pot seemed to have the greatest effect on the growth of C. argentea. The moisture content, ash, crude protein, and crude fiber of C. argentea were significantly reduced by 50–60%, 60–69%, 45–56%, and 42–54%, respectively, due to the goat weed densities, whereas the carbohydrate content increased. Hence, goat weed should be maintained at less than 100 plants per square meter to prevent quantitative and qualitative losses.
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Authors and Affiliations

Olatunde Philip Ayodele
1

  1. Department of Agronomy, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Abstract

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is one of the most widespread viral infections of European honey bee Apis mellifera L. worldwide. So far, this is the first study which tested the effect of different ratios of synthetic protein to fat (P : F) diets on the health of broodless nurseaged honey bees in the laboratory. The aim of the current study was to determine the load of DWV in the whole body of A. mellifera that were fed different ratios of P : F diets (25 : 1, 10 : 1, 5 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 5, 1 : 10, 1 : 12.5 and 1 : 0 as a control). The methods involved feeding bees the tested diets for 10 days and then measuring the virus titre using qPCR technique. The results showed that DWV concentration decreased as the fat content of diets consumed increased. The copy number of viral genomes declined from 7.5 × 105 in the zero-fat diet (1 : 0) to 1.6 × 102 virus genomes in 1 : 12.5 (P : F). We can conclude that there is a positive relationship between fat diets and bee immunity and overall results suggest a connection between fat diet and bee health, indicating that colony losses can be reduced by providing a certain protein and fat supplemental feeding.
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Authors and Affiliations

Baida Mohsen Alshukri
1
Mushtaq Talib Al-Esawy
1 2

  1. Plant Protection Department, University of Kufa, Najaf Governorate, Iraq
  2. Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Abstract

The aim of this work was the determination of the influence of the size of grain moth eggs on qualitative characteristics of Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from the second to the seventh generations. The indicators of T. evanescens determine its ability to provide effective plant protection. Using selected large eggs of grain moth T. evanescens reproduction was carried out. As controls, eggs that had only been cleaned were used. These studies were performed with T. evanescens from second to seventh generations. The correlation between the size of grain moth eggs and indicators of T. evanescens such as the level of search ability, the level of regeneration of individuals, the relative number of females, the level of deformed individuals, the lifespan and the fecundity of females were determined. The influence of the size of grain moth eggs on the T. evanescens class was determined. It was found that the use of large grain moth eggs for the production of T. evanescens allowed for maintaining its first class quality from the second to the seventh generations. Trichogramma evanescens from grain moth eggs, which had only been cleaned, had first class quality only up to the fourth generation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Gennadii Golub
1
Oleh Marus
1

  1. Department of Tractors, Automobiles and Bioenergy System, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstract

In this research work, a Cylindrical Surrounding Double-Gate (CSDG) MOSFET design in a stacked-Dual Metal Gate (DMG) architecture has been proposed to incorporate the ability of gate metal variation in channel field formation. Further, the internal gate's threshold voltage (VTH1) could be reduced compared to the external gate (VTH2) by arranging the gate metal work-function in Double Gate devices. Therefore, a device design of CSDG MOSFET has been realized to instigate the effect of Dual Metal Gate (DMG) stack architecture in the CSDG device. The comparison of device simulation shown optimized electric field and surface potential profile. The gradual decrease of metal work function towards the drain also improves the Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) and subthreshold characteristics. The physics-based analysis of gate stack CSDG MOSFET that operates in saturation involving the analogy of cylindrical dual metal gates has been considered to evaluate the performance improvements. The insights obtained from the results using the gate-stack dual metal structure of CSDG are quite promising, which can serve as a guide to further reduce the threshold voltage roll-off, suppress the Hot Carrier Effects (HCEs) and Short Channel Effects (SCEs).
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Authors and Affiliations

Abha Dargar
1
Viranjay M. Srivastava
1

  1. Department of Electronic Engineering, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
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Abstract

The method of cleaning the ISFET structures after application of a biological substance was developed. There are few references in the literature to cleaning methods of this type of structure for biological applications, but they are relatively complex and difficult to automate. We decided to use resources commonly available in technological laboratories and methods that could be relatively easily automated, which would enable the full potential of ISFET transistors to be used. During the experiments, both acetone and deionized water were tested. The cleaning method was modified and it was checked whether it is possible to use such a method on one transistor more than once and how it affects the transistor's detection capabilities. We managed to obtain an effective method of cleaning ISFETs from biological substances. This method does not allow for obtaining exactly the same state as the original state of the transistor, but it ensures its correct operation and determining the influence of the tested biological substance on the transistor based on the results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kinga Kondracka
1
Piotr Firek
1
Marta Grodzik
2
Maciej Szmidt
2
Ewa Sawosz–Chwalibóg
2
Jan Szmidt
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

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