Szukana fraza: [Data = "2022.08.26"]

Modeling of the Kinetics of Carbonitrides Precipitation Process and Simulate the Image of Microstructure Using Cellular Automata Method in Microalloyed Steels

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1117-1124 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139711

Słowa kluczowe cellular automata precipitation carbonitrides microalloying elements microalloyed steel

Abstrakt

Microalloying elements such as Ti, Nb, V, entered into steel they influence their microstructure and mechanical properties, because formation of carbonitrides, M(C,N). Influence of carbonitrides to the microstructure and mechanical properties depends on their basic stereological parameters: volume fraction, Vv, and their size, r. In this work the Cellular Automata model of the kinetics of the carbonitrides precipitation which enable to predict the image of the microstructure and calculate the size of carbonitrides formed during isothermal annealing of supersaturated steel is presented. In the high temperature the microalloying elements inhibit the austenite grains growth. Chemical composition of steel has influence to volume fraction and size of precipitations. The work is supplemented with examples of experimental comparison.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Przemysław Marynowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Hojny

Various Aspects of Application of Silicon Carbide in the Process of Cast Iron Melting

K. Janerka Ł. Kostrzewski M. Stawarz J. Jezierski J. Szajnar

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1093-1098 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139708

Słowa kluczowe cast iron ductile iron silicon carbide SiC cast iron melting

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Abstrakt

The article discusses benefits associated with the use of silicon carbide in the process of melting gray cast iron and ductile cast iron in induction electric furnaces. It presents the analysis of the impact of various charge materials and the addition of a variable amount of SiC and FeSi to the fixed charge when melting cast iron of grades GJS 400-15 and GJS 500-7 on mechanical properties and microstructure. Moreover, the article includes an analysis of the efficiency of carburization and the increase in the content of silicon during the application of SiC. The article also presents the results of the study of primary modification using silicon carbide at the minimum temperature of Temin eutectic and Tsol solidus. Based on analysis of the literature, conducted research, and calculations, it was found that the addition of silicon carbide has a beneficial impact on the properties of melted cast iron. The addition of SiC in the charge increases the content of C and Si without increasing the amount of contaminations. The addition of SiC at reduced pig iron presence in the charge decreases production costs, while the use of SiC as an inoculant increases both Temin and Tsol, which is beneficial from the point of view of cast iron nucleation.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

K. Janerka

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ł. Kostrzewski

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Stawarz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

J. Jezierski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

J. Szajnar

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Silesian University of Technology, Department of Foundry Engineering, 7 Towarowa Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Leszczyńska Fabryka Pomp, 15 Fabryczna Str., 64-100 Leszno, Poland

Application of Virtual Reality and High Performance Computing in Designing Rotary Forming Processes

Marcin Hojny Przemysław Marynowski G. Lipski T. Gądek Ł. Nowacki

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1099-1105 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139709

Słowa kluczowe rotary forming virtual reality finite element computer simulation high performance computing

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Abstrakt

This paper presents an innovative solution in the form of a virtual reality (VR) and high performance computing (HPC) system dedicated to aid designing rotary forming processes with laser beam reheating the material formed. The invented method allowing a virtual machine copy to be coupled with its actual counterpart and a computing engine utilizing GPU processors of graphic NVidia cards to accelerate computing are discussed. The completed experiments and simulations of the 316L stainless steel semi-product spinning process showed that the developed VR-HPC system solution allows the manufacturing process to be effectively engineered and controlled in industrial conditions.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marcin Hojny

Przemysław Marynowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

G. Lipski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

T. Gądek

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ł. Nowacki

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Research Network Łukasiewicz – Metal Forming Institute, Jana Pawła II 14, 61-139 Poznań, Poland

Removal of Cadmium using Alkaline-Treated Activated Carbon from Leucaena Leucocephala Biomass

W.M.H.W. Ibrahim N.S. Sulaiman M.H.M. Amini W.R.A. Kadir M. Mohamed S.F.M. Ramle U. Bilgin W. Rahman

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1033-1036 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139698

Słowa kluczowe activated carbon cadmium Leucaena leucocephala adsorption

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Abstrakt

Water contamination that caused by heavy metals is a very common phenomenon in the industrial age. One of the popular way to treat metal contaminated water is by adsorption process using activated carbon as the adsorbent. This paper works on producing activated carbon by chemical means with impregnation ratios of NaOH:char (w/w) was predetermined at 1:1 (ACT1-1), 2:1 (ACT2-1) and 3:1 (ACT3-1) under activation temperature of 700°C. Considering the Leucaena leucocephala is a wildly, easy and fast grown species, with the availability throught the year, it was chosen to be used as the precursor. The properties of these activated carbons and its potential for cadmium removal from aqueus solution was analyzed. It was found that the highest surface area was recorded at 662.76 m²/g. Four parameters were studied which are contact time, the effect of pH, initial concentration of adsorbate and temperature. The equilibrium time was achieved in 40 min treatment at initial concentrations of 30 mg/l. The adsorbent exhibited good sorption potential for cadmium at pH 8.0 and equilibrium temperature of 30℃. Based on the results, this study had proved that activated carbon from Leucaena leucocephala biomass have the good potential to be used for removal of cadmium from wastewater.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

W.M.H.W. Ibrahim

1

N.S. Sulaiman

2

M.H.M. Amini

1

W.R.A. Kadir

3

M. Mohamed

1

S.F.M. Ramle

1

U. Bilgin

4

W. Rahman

5 6

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Industrial Technology, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia

Erosion Wear Characteristics of Novel AMMC Produced Using Powder Metallurgy

Rajesh Kumar Behera Birajendu Prasad Samal Sarat Chandra Panigrahi Pramod Kumar Parida Kamalakanta Muduli Noorhafiza Muhammad Nitaisundar Das Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1027-1032 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139697

Słowa kluczowe AMMC powder metallurgy microstructure wear behavior Particle erosion Taguchi technique

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Abstrakt

Currently, the world of material requires intensive research to discover a new-class of materials those posses the properties like lower in weight, greater in strength and better in mechanical properties. This led to the study of light and strong alloys or composites. This study focuses to produce current novel aluminium composite with an appreciable density, good machinable characteristics, less corrosive, high strength, light weight and low manufacturing cost product. In this research, an aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMC) (Al-0.5Si-0.5Mg-2.5Cu-15SiC) was developed using the metallurgical powdered method and subjected to the investigation of erosion wear characteristics. Here the solid particle erosion test was conducted on AMMC samples. The article presents, the design of Taguchi experiments and statistical techniques of erosion wear characteristics and the behaviors of the composite. The rate of erosion wear found to decrease with increasing impact angle, regardless of the rate of impact. With higher impact velocity erosion rate increases but decreases with stand of distance.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Rajesh Kumar Behera

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Birajendu Prasad Samal

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sarat Chandra Panigrahi

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Pramod Kumar Parida

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kamalakanta Muduli

5 6

e-mail:

ORCID:

Noorhafiza Muhammad

7

e-mail:

ORCID:

Nitaisundar Das

6

Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

7

e-mail:

ORCID:

Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha, India
Orissa Engineering College, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Raajdhani Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India
College Engineering and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lae, Morobe Province, Pmb 411, Papua New Guinea
C.V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (Cegeogtech) and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Kampus Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

Assessment of the Impact of Injection Moulding Process Parameters on the Properties of Mouldings Made of Low-Density Poly(ethylene) Recyclate LDPE

A. Kalwik R. Humienny K. Mordal

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1043-1049 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139700

Słowa kluczowe poly(ethylene) injection moulding injection moulding process parameters

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Abstrakt

The parameters of the injection moulding process have a significant influence on the properties of the moulded parts. Selection of appropriate injection conditions (e. g. the injection temperature, mould temperature, injection and holding pressure, injection speed) contributes to the productivity and energy consumption of the injection moulding process as well as to the quality of the moulded parts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of injection moulding parameters on properties of poly(ethylene) mouldings. Regranulate obtained from recycled film, which is a mixture of low-density poly(ethylene) and linear low-density poly(ethylene), was used for testing. Samples in the form of standardised tensile bars of type A1 were produced by injection moulding. A Krauss-Maffei KM65-160C4 injection moulding machine was used for this purpose. Variable parameters of the this process used in the study were: injection speed, mould temperature and holding pressure. The results of tensile strength tests of the obtained samples are presented. The weight and dimensions of mouldings from four different regranulates were also investigated. The effect of injection moulding conditions on the properties of poly(ethylene) mouldings was shown in the investigations. The mass of poly(ethylene) mouldings is dependent on the holding pressure.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Kalwik

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

R. Humienny

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

K. Mordal

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Technology and Automation, 21 Armii Krajowej Av., 42- 201 Czestochowa, Poland

Monitoring the Evolution of Redox Changes in Sediments made Possible by Electrochemical Multilayer Probes

R. Popa I.C. Moga K.H. Nealson V.M. Cimpoiasu

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1037-1041 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139699

Słowa kluczowe sensor sediments SPEAR multielectrode redox interface

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Abstrakt

Marine sediments with rapid oxic/anoxic transitions are difficult to monitor in real time. Organic overload that may lead to anoxia and buildup of hydrogen sulfide can be caused by a variety of factors such as sewage spills, harbor water stagnation, algal blooms and the vicinity of aquaculture operations. We have tested a novel multiprobe technology (named SPEAR) on marine sediments to evaluate its performance in monitoring sediments and overlaying water. Our results show the ability of the SPEAR probes to distinguish electrochemical changes at 2-3 mm scale and at hourly cycles. SPEAR probes have the ability to identify redox interfaces and redox transition zones in sediments, but do not use micromanipulators (which are cumbersome in field and underwater applications). We propose that the best target habitats for SPEAR-type monitoring are rapidly evolving muddy deposits and sediments near aquaculture operations where pollution with organics stresses the ecosystem.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

R. Popa

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

I.C. Moga

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

K.H. Nealson

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

V.M. Cimpoiasu

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

DFR Systems SRL, R&D Department, Bucharest, Romania
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
University of Craiova, Biology and Environmental Engineering Department, Frontier Biology and Astrobiology Research Center, Craiova, 200585, Romania

Thermodynamics and Kinetics Analysis on Carbothermic Reduction of Calcined Magnesite in Vacuum

Qifeng Tang Jinqing Ao Biyou Peng Biao Guo Tao Yang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1021-1026 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139696

Słowa kluczowe calcined magnesite carbothermic reduction vacuum thermodynamic kinetic

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Abstrakt

The carbothermic reduction of calcined magnesite in vacuum was studied. By thermodynamic analysis, the starting temperature of reduction reaction dropped from 2173K to 1523K when system pressure dropped from 1 atmosphere to 100 Pa. The experiments were carried out at different conditions under 10~100 Pa and the experimental results shown that the reduction extent of MgO improved by increasing the reaction temperature and time, the pellet forming pressure as well as adding fluoride as catalyst. The rate-determining step of carbothermic reduction process was gas diffusion with the apparent activation energy of 241.19~278.56 kJ/mol.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Qifeng Tang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jinqing Ao

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Biyou Peng

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Biao Guo

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tao Yang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xihua University, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chengdu 610039, PR China

Gaseous Nitriding of Binary Ni-Cr Alloys – Observation and Interpretation of Microstructural Features

A. Kodentsov C. Cserháti

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1007-1020 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139695

Słowa kluczowe nitridation Ni-Cr-N system diffusion internal precipitation microstructure

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Abstrakt

Gaseous nitriding of binary Ni-Cr solid-solution alloys was studied at 1125ºC over the range 1 to 6000 bar of N2-pressure. At the specified temperature the nitriding response of the Ni-Cr alloys depends on the Cr-content in the initial alloy and activity (fugacity) of nitrogen at the gas/metal interface. Transition from cubic δ-CrN to hexagonal β-Cr2N precipitation occurs within the reaction zone after nitrogenization at 1125ºC under nitrogen pressure 100-6000 bar when chromium content in the initial alloy is 28 at. % or higher. It was found that a ternary phase, π (Cr12.8Ni7.2N4.0) is formed inside the Ni32Cr alloy upon cooling in nitrogen after nitriding at 1125ºC and 1 bar of N2. Experimental evidence is presented that π-phase is involved in peritectoid relations with β-Cr2N and γ-(Ni-Cr) solid solution. It was also demonstrated that nitriding behaviour of the Ni-Cr alloy can be rationalized using pertinent phase diagram information, but, in some cases, effect of mechanical stresses induced upon the internal precipitation can vitiate this prediction.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Kodentsov

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

C. Cserháti

2

Mat-Tech BV, Development & Testing, Son, The Netherlands
University of Debrecen Hungary Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Solid State Physics, Hungary

Photocatalytic TiO ₂ Nanostructures Developed on the Grade 2 Ti Material

C.I. Tarcea C.M. Pantilimon G. Coman A.A. Turcanu A.M. Predescu E. Matei A.C. Berbecaru C. Predescu

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1079-1084 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139706

Słowa kluczowe Ti material nanostructures photocatalytic activity alkaline treatment advanced oxidation

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Abstrakt

The research focused on TiO2 nanostructures environmental applications due to the special characteristics that displayed degradation of the organic compounds into environmentally friendly products through exposure to UV light. The protocol behind obtaining the nanostructures involved the use of a Ti material exposed to alkaline treatment and advanced oxidation using NaOH solution and acetone. These studied nanostructures were analyzed extensively by using methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for characterizing the elements, compounds and morphological properties of the material. These differences in morphology is attributed to different NaOH solution concentrations. The Ti sheets were immersed into NaOH and acetone mixed solutions for 72 hours. The best results were recorded by using 30% NaOH solution. After obtaining the 3D structures, which improve specific surface and contact area with the environment, the samples were tested under UV light in order to degrade methylene blue in order to determine their photocatalytic performance.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

C.I. Tarcea

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

C.M. Pantilimon

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

G. Coman

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

A.A. Turcanu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

A.M. Predescu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

E. Matei

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

A.C. Berbecaru

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

C. Predescu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Processing and Ecometallurgy, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania

Study on the Effect of in Situ Surface Treatments of Medical Microfluidic Systems Obtained Through Additive Manufacturing

A. Csapai D.-A. Țoc V. Pașcalău V. Toșa D. Opruța F. Popa C. Popa

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1071-1078 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139705

Słowa kluczowe additive manufacturing microfluidic systems surface roughness biofilm growth laminar flow

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Abstrakt

This paper presents a comparative study on the effects of the in-situ surface modifications performed on “H” type microfluidic systems obtained via additive manufacturing. The microsystem was printed using a polylactic acid filament on an Ender-5 Pro printer. The surface modification of the main channel was done using chloroform by two different methods: vapor smoothing and flushing. The obtained surface roughness was studied using an optical microscope and the ImageJ software, as well as scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the channel surface treatment upon the characteristics of the fluid flow was assessed. The microfluidic systems were used for the dynamic study of biofilm growth of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The influence of the surface roughness of the main channel on the formation and growth of the biofilm was studied using quantitative methods, scanning electron microscopy imaging as well as optical coherence tomography.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Csapai

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

D.-A. Țoc

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

V. Pașcalău

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

V. Toșa

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

D. Opruța

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

F. Popa

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

C. Popa

e-mail:

ORCID:

Materials Science and Engineering Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Ave., 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Thermal Engineering Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Ave., 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Developing a Methodology for Building the Knowledge Base and Application Procedures Supporting the Process of Material and Technological Conversion

D. Wilk-Kołodziejczyk K. Jaśkowiec A. Bitka Z. Pirowski M. Grudzień-Rakoczy K. Chrzan M. Małysza M. Doroszewski

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1085-1091 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139707

Słowa kluczowe artificial intelligence material and technological conversion selection of parameters prediction of mechanical properties

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Abstrakt

The article presents the developed IT solutions supporting the material and technological conversion process in terms of the possibility of using the casting technology of selected alloys to produce products previously manufactured with the use of other methods and materials. The solutions are based on artificial intelligence, machine learning and statistical methods. The prototype module of the information and decision-making system allows for a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of this type of procedure. Currently, the selection of the method of manufacturing a product is based on the knowledge and experience of the technologist and constructor. In the described approach, this process is supported by the proprietary module of the information and decision-making system, which, based on the accumulated knowledge, allows for an initial assessment of the feasibility of a selected element in a given technology. It allows taking into account a large number of intuitive factors, as well as recording expert knowledge with the use of formal languages. Additionally, the possibility of searching for and collecting data on innovative solutions, supplying the knowledge base, should be taken into account. The developed and applied models should allow for the effective use and representation of knowledge expressed in linguistic form. In this solution, it is important to use methods that support the selection of parameters for the production of casting. The type, number and characteristics of data have an impact on the effectiveness of solutions in terms of classification and prediction of data and the relationships detected.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

D. Wilk-Kołodziejczyk

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

K. Jaśkowiec

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

A. Bitka

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Z. Pirowski

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Grudzień-Rakoczy

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

K. Chrzan

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Małysza

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Doroszewski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Centre of Casting Technology, The Łukasiewicz Research Network – Cracow Technology Institute, Poland

Structured Analysis of Nanostructured Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Thin Films Deposited by Sol-Gel

R. Hussin F. Hanafi R.A. Rashid Z. Harun Z. Kamdi S.A. Ibrahim A.R. Ainuddin W. Rahman A.M. Leman

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1055-1060 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139702

Słowa kluczowe sol-gel Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films nanostructured

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Abstrakt

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films are deposited on glass substrate using the sol-gel spin coating technique. The effect of annealing temperature on structural properties was investigated. The ZnO sol-gel was produced from zinc acetate dehydrate as the starting material with iso-propanol alcohol as the stabilizer. The ratio was controlled, distilled water and diethanolamine as the solvent mixing on a magnetic stirrer for an hour under constant heat of 60°C. The ZnO thin film was deposited using the spin coating technique with the speed of 3000 rpm for 30 minutes before the sample undergoes pre-heat in the oven at the temperature of 100°C for 10 minutes. The sample was annealing in the furnace for an hour at 200°C, 350°C, and 500°C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms that hexagonal wurtzite structure with zincite and zinc acetate hydroxide hydrate composition. The thin films surface roughness was analyzed using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology observation.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

R. Hussin

1 2 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

F. Hanafi

2

R.A. Rashid

1

Z. Harun

2 4

Z. Kamdi

2

S.A. Ibrahim

1 4

A.R. Ainuddin

2

W. Rahman

5 3

A.M. Leman

1 3

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Jalan Edu Hub Gunasama1, Pagoh Edu Hub, KM1, Jln Panchor, 84600 Pagoh Johor, Malaysia
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Integrated Material and Process, Advanced Manufacturing & Materials Centre, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia

The Study of Copper Alloy with Graphene Additive via x-Ray Diffraction

M.N. Masri M. Mohammad M. Yusoff S. Mamat P.T. Teo R. Othman A.R. Irfan Pramod K. Singh

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1051-1053 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139701

Słowa kluczowe Copper Alloy Graphene powder metallurgy Copper zinc

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Abstrakt

This study evaluated the effect of milling speed and compaction pressure on the densification and morphology of the CuZn-Gr composite. The composite was prepared by using the powder metallurgy technique. The effect on the microstructural and compaction was determined based on different milling speeds. The different milling speeds involved were 175, 200, 225, and 250 rpm. Meanwhile, the different compaction pressures used in this study were 127, 250, 374, and 500 MPa. The properties of the milled powder gave the result to green density and densification parameters. The XRD pattern of Cu and Zn broadened as milling time increased.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

M.N. Masri

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Mohammad

1

M. Yusoff

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

S. Mamat

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

P.T. Teo

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

R. Othman

2

A.R. Irfan

3 4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Pramod K. Singh

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, 17600 Jeli Kelantan, Malaysia
Urich Technology (KC0023880-A), No. 457, Lorong 7/1, Taman Semarak, 08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
Sharda University, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Department of Physics, Center of Excellence on Solar Cells & Renewable Energy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India

Extraction of Tannic Acid from Kenaf Bast Fibre using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

M. Mohamad H.A. Ibrahim M.F.M. Nasir N.A. Mohidem N.F. Shoparwe P.T. Teo M.N. Masri A.R. Irfan

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1061-1066 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139703

Słowa kluczowe Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) sonication time Duty Cycle Extraction Process Kenaf Bast Fibre

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Abstrakt

Tannic acid or tannin, type of phenolic compound contains in kenaf bast fibre. Conventional extraction has certain limitations in terms of time, energy, and solvent consumption. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) can extract bioactive components in shorter time, low temperature, with lesser energy and solvent requirement. UAE as alternative extraction technique is better equipped to retain the functionality of the bioactive compounds. In this study, the conditions for ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of tannic acid from kenaf bast fibre by assessing the effect of sonication time and different duty cycles were optimized. The use of ultrasound to extract tannic acid from kenaf bast fiber was evaluated. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was carried out using ethanol as solvent to intensify the extraction efficacy. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the presence of tannic acid in extracts. The extracts then were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was found that 0.2429 mg/mL of tannic acid was obtained under the extraction conditions of extraction temperature of 40℃, sonication time of 20 minutes and duty cycle of 50%. From SEM analysis, it was found that the raw sample demonstrated rough surface and no porous but kenaf bast fibre display smoother surface with less impurities and few pores appeared after the extraction process using UAE. These results indicate that ultrasound-assisted extraction is an efficient method for extracting tannic acid from kenaf bast fibre with the advantages of lower extraction time and higher extraction yield.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

M. Mohamad

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

H.A. Ibrahim

1

M.F.M. Nasir

2

N.A. Mohidem

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

N.F. Shoparwe

1

P.T. Teo

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

M.N. Masri

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

A.R. Irfan

4 5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Jeli Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
National Kenaf and Tobacco Board, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering Selangor, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia

Inverse Solution to the Vertical Plate Cooling by Radiation and Convection in Air

B. Hadała Z. Malinowski A. Gołdasz A. Cebo-Rudnicka

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1167-1178 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139717

Słowa kluczowe convection heat transfer radiation heat transfer plate emissivity vertical plate

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Abstrakt

The inverse solution to the heat flux identification during the vertical plate cooling in air has been presented. The developed solution allowed to separate the energy absorbed by the chamber due to radiation from the convection heat losses to air. The uncertainty tests were carried out and the accuracy of the solution has been estimated at a level of 1%-5% depending on the boundary condition model. The inverse solution was obtained for the temperature measurements in the vertical plate. The stainless-steel plate was heated to 950°C and then cooled in the chamber in air only to about 30°C. The identified heat transfer coefficient was compared with the Churchill and Chu model. The solution has allowed to separate the radiation heat losses and to determine the Nusselt number values that stay in good agreement with the Churchill and Chu model for a nearly steady-state air flow for the plate temperature below 100°C.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

B. Hadała

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Z. Malinowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

A. Gołdasz

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

A. Cebo-Rudnicka

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

The Heat Transfer Process Between Two Bodies with a Large Temperature Difference

A. Przyłucka-Bednarska M. Rywotycki K. Sołek Z. Malinowski

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1161-1165 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139716

Słowa kluczowe heat transfer coefficient thermal conductivity inverse solution steel

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Abstrakt

Heat transport when two surfaces of solids come into contact is an important phenomenon in many metallurgical processes. Determining the boundary conditions of heat transfer allows to obtain the correct solutions of the heat conduction equation. The paper presents models for determining the heat transfer coefficient between steel materials in contact. Experimental tests were carried out to measure the temperature changes of the contacting samples made of steel S235 (1.0038) and steel 15HM (1.7335) under the pressure of 10, 15 and 20 MPa. There was a large temperature difference between the samples. The results of the experiment were compared with numerically calculated temperatures and the value of the heat transfer coefficient was determined at different pressure values depending on the time.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Przyłucka-Bednarska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Rywotycki

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

K. Sołek

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Z. Malinowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Science And Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Coupled Thermomechanical Eulerian-Lagrangian Analysis of the KOBO Extrusion Process

Marta Wójcik A. Skrzat

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1185-1193 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139719

Słowa kluczowe KOBO extrusion Chaboche model coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian analysis SPD method plasticity

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Abstrakt

Numerical simulations of the KOBO extrusion process are presented in this paper. The coupled thermomechanical Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was applied for the three-dimensional finite element model. The dynamic explicit Euler forward method was used in numerical calculations. The elastic-plastic Chaboche model assuming isotropic and kinematic hardening under variable temperature conditions was applied to describe the behaviour of the material under cyclic loading. In numerical computations Chaboche material model implemented in commercial software, as well as the proprietary one written as FORTRAN procedure were tested. The numerical results present the stress and strain distributions in the extruded material, as well as an increase of temperature due to the plastic work and friction. The shape of plastic strain zones was verified experimentally. The approach presented in the paper is a promising numerical tool to simulate the KOBO process.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marta Wójcik

e-mail:

ORCID:

A. Skrzat

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Department of Materials Forming and Processing, 8 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

Characteristics of the Microstructure and Properties of Mg-Li Magnesium Alloy after Deformation by the KoBo Method

Iwona Bednarczyk

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1179-1184 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139718

Słowa kluczowe Mg-Li alloys metod SPD static compression test microstructure

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Abstrakt

The article presents the results of tests of plastic shaping of magnesium alloy Mg-Li. Magnesium alloy for an extrusion process was obtained with the method of vacuum smelting and casting into graphite moulds. The materials for tests were slabs cast from magnesium alloys with symbols: Mg-4%Li-1%Ca (LX41). Before the process of deformation the castings were subject to homogenization. Conventional extrusion tests were conducted in a complex state of deformation (KoBo method). An assessment was performed of the influence of the deformation process parameters on the structure and properties of the tested alloy. Results of mechanical tests were presented both for static compression test in room temperature. On the basis of the achieved tests results, the susceptibility to plastic working for the Mg-4%Li-1%Ca alloy was determined. An analysis of the microstructure was conducted both in the initial condition and after plastic deformation with the use of light and scanning microscopy techniques. The applied deformation methods allowed the determination of the influence of process parameters on changes in the microstructure and properties of the Mg-4%Li-1%Ca alloy.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Iwona Bednarczyk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Fading mechanism on grain refinement and modification with Al-B-Sr master alloys in an aluminium-silicon cast alloy

P. Muangnoy K. Eidhed

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1137-1144 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139713

Słowa kluczowe aluminium grain refinement modification fading mechanism

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Abstrakt

A fading mechanism during casting of treated Al-B-Sr master alloys in an aluminium-silicon cast alloy was investigated. Two different master alloys, the Al-3%B-3%Sr and Al-4%B-1%Sr were demonstrated for the efficiency test both grain refinement and modification microstructure. From experimental result, the addition of Al-3%B-3%Sr master alloy led to a refined grain size and fully modified eutectic Si. However, smaller grain sizes were found with Al-4%B-1%Sr master alloy addition while eutectic Si had coarser acicular morphology. The formation of high amounts of SrB6 compound in the Al-3%B-3%Sr master alloy resulted to increase of grain size and eutectic Si. In fading mechanism test when holding the melt for prolong time, the agglomeration of the SrB6 and AlSiSr compounds at the bottom of the casting specimen was important factors that decreased both grain refinement and modification efficiency. The stirring of the melt before pouring was found that the grain size and Si morphology were improved.

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P. Muangnoy

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

K. Eidhed

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

University of Technology North Bangkok, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials and Production Technology Engineering, King Mongkut’s Bangkok, Thailand

Influence of Multihole Ladle Shroud Construction on the Liquid Steel Flow in the One-strand Tundish during CSC Process

H. Suchan A. Cwudziński

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1151-1160 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139715

Słowa kluczowe one-strand tundish ladle shroud numerical simulation hydrodynamic conditions continuous casting process

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Abstrakt

The tundish prevents unsteady flow affecting on the steel cleanness and temperature. The presented article offers a new design of a ladle shroud (LS) with three holes placed in a special dome (separating the steel flow) steeped in a metal bath. Various options of the LS construction were analysed, as well as its positioning in the tundish in relation to its longitudinal axis. The conducted numerical simulations enabled to assess the impact of the designed ladle shroud on the flow of liquid steel through the tundish. The results showed that the best option is to use the LS with two larger holes and one smaller which activates the flow structure and reduces the rate of the liquid steel velocity in the tundish, limiting the flow turbulence.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

H. Suchan

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

A. Cwudziński

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Metallurgy and Metals Technology, 19 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland

Flexural Properties of Thin Fly Ash Geopolymers at Elevated Temperature

Yong-Sing Ng Yun-Ming Liew Cheng-Yong Heah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Hui-Teng Ng Lynette Wei Ling Chan

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1145-1150 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139714

Słowa kluczowe thin geopolymer fly ash elevated temperature flexural strength

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Abstrakt

This paper reports on the flexural properties of thin fly ash geopolymers exposed to elevated temperature. The thin fly ash geopolymers (dimension = 160 mm × 40 mm × 10 mm) were synthesised using12M NaOH solution mixed with designed solids-to-liquids ratio of 1:2.5 and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 1:4 and underwent heat treatment at different elevated temperature (300°C, 600°C, 900°C and 1150°C) after 28 days of curing. Flexural strength test was accessed to compare the flexural properties while X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to determine the phase transformation of thin geopolymers at elevated temperature. Results showed that application of heat treatment boosted the flexural properties of thin fly ash geopolymers as the flexural strength increased from 6.5 MPa (room temperature) to 16.2 MPa (1150°C). XRD results showed that the presence of crystalline phases of albite and nepheline contributed to the increment in flexural strength.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yong-Sing Ng

1 2

Yun-Ming Liew

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Cheng-Yong Heah

1 3

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hui-Teng Ng

1 2

Lynette Wei Ling Chan

4

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Ceramic Research Company Sdn Bhd (Guocera-Hong Leong Group), Lot 7110, 5½ Miles, Jalan Kapar, 42100 Klang, Selangor, Malaysia

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Cutting Forces and Temperatures in Milling of Custom 450 Steel

Harun Gökçe

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 843-853 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139674

Słowa kluczowe End milling Finite element method Custom 450 cutting forces Cutting temperature

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Abstrakt

Stainless steels have a wide usage field, their needs as structural parts are increasing day by day due to their resistance to corrosion and providing sufficient mechanical strength in environments that would cause corrosion. In addition to high mechanical properties of the stainless steels, the low heat transmission coefficients bring problems during machining. In this study, the suitable cutting tool and cutting parameters have been evaluated in terms of cutting forces and the tool temperature, the experimental results and finite element analysis have been compared in the milling of Custom 450 stainless steel which offers especially an excellent working opportunity at high temperature and salinity environment. Milling experiments have been carried out using L16 experimental design for Taguchi method. Four simulations have been made using finite element method with corresponding values in L16 orthogonal array for optimum cutting tool and the results were compared in terms of cutting forces and tool temperature changes.

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Harun Gökçe

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Industrial Design Engineering Department in Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

Post-Synthesis Microwave Plasma Treatment Effect on Magnetization and Morphology of Manganese-Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Muhammad Aqib Busharat Muhammad Yasin Naz Shazia Shukrullah Muhammad Zahid

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 837-842 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139673

Słowa kluczowe Ferrite nanoparticles microwave discharge sol-gel synthesis magnetic properties

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Abstrakt

The influence of microwave (MW) plasma on magnetization and morphology of sol-gel synthesized MnFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles is investigated in this study. Manganese (II) nitrate hexahydrate, ferric (III) nitrate nanohydrate and citric acid were used to synthesize ferrite nanoparticles via a facile sol-gel route. These ferrite nanostructures were heat-treated at 700ºC and then given MW plasma treatment for 10 min. The pristine MnFe2O4 and plasma treated MnFe2O4 showed almost similar structural formation with a slight increase in crystallinity on plasma treatment. However, XRD peak intensity slightly increased after plasma treatment, reflecting better crystallinity of the nanostructures. The size of the particle increased from 35 nm to 39 nm on plasma treatment. It was challenging to deduce the surface morphology of the nanoparticles since both samples were composed of a mixture of big and small clusters. Clusters that had been treated with plasma were larger in size than pristine ones. The band gap energy of the pristine MnFe2O4 sample was about 5.92 eV, which increased to 6.01 eV after treatment with MW plasma. The saturation magnetization of MnFe2O4 sample was noted about 0.78 emu/g before plasma treatment and 0.68 emu/g after MW plasma treatment.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Muhammad Aqib Busharat

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Muhammad Yasin Naz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shazia Shukrullah

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Muhammad Zahid

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

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