. Federated learning is an upcoming concept used widely in distributed machine learning. Federated learning (FL) allows a large number of users to learn a single machine learning model together while the training data is stored on individual user devices. Nonetheless, federated learning lessens threats to data privacy. Based on iterative model averaging, our study suggests a feasible technique for the federated learning of deep networks with improved security and privacy. We also undertake a thorough empirical evaluation while taking various FL frameworks and averaging algorithms into consideration. Secure multi party computation, secure aggregation, and differential privacy are implemented to improve the security and privacy in a federated learning environment. In spite of advancements, concerns over privacy remain in FL, as the weights or parameters of a trained model may reveal private information about the data used for training. Our work demonstrates that FL can be prone to label-flipping attack and a novel method to prevent label-flipping attack has been proposed. We compare standard federated model aggregation and optimization methods, FedAvg and FedProx using benchmark data sets. Experiments are implemented in two different FL frameworks – Flower and PySyft and the results are analyzed. Our experiments confirm that classification accuracy increases in FL framework over a centralized model and the model performance is better after adding all the security and privacy algorithms. Our work has proved that deep learning models perform well in FL and also is secure.

This article is an attempt to assess the role of arts- and-culture journalism and literature published in Jerzy Giedryc's Kultura as a vehicle of the political programmes espoused by the authors who could be regarded as the magazine's inner circle. An analysis of 637 issues of the monthly, generally known as Paryska Kultura, as it was published from 1947 until 2000 by the Instytut Literacki in Paris, shows that c. 65% of its East and/versus West themed content deals with history and culture, i.e. 1174 items of this kind feature Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus, and 663 items focus on Germany.

The article examines the coverage of Cieszyn Silesia in the Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny, a respected nation-wide daily based in Cracow, during the escalating crisis in Polish-Czechoslovak relations in August–October 1938. An analysis of over four hundred articles shows that while the primary focus was on the situation of ethnic Poles in the disputed region (Zaolzie, or Trans- Olza) and the problems facing Czechoslovakia on the international stage, the IKC also took care to provide its readers with information about the history and economic importance of the former Duchy of Cieszyn (Těšín, Teschen).

Echo z Polski ( Echo from Poland) published in New York in 1863 was the first Polish-language newspaper to appear in the Western hemisphere. The oldest Polish humour magazine in the United States was Osa ( The Wasp), started in New York by Julian Czupka in 1886. It lasted only a few months, but soon after its closure similar 'funny papers' — Bocian ( The Stork), Kukuryku ( Cock-a-doodle-do), Śmiech ( Laughter), Zabawny Kuryerek ( A Funny Little Courier), Kikier ( The Squinty Eye) — sprang up in other American cities. This article outlines a history of the six oldest humour and satire magazines published for Polish readers in the USA in the 19th century and a handful of profiles of their editors.

This article presents a collective portrait of the 231 deputies of the 1919 Constituent Assembly who match the broad label 'journalist politicians'. The basic source for this analysis are the minutes of the proceedings, Stenographic Reports of the Legislative Sejm (1919–1922), as well as various printed materials produced by the assembly, including questions and interpellations, urgent motions, rules of procedure, lists and inventories, etc.

This article reviews the early history of the Polish motoring magazines from the launching of the Gazeta Automobilowa in Lwów in 1911 until the outbreak of World War II in 1939. The article also tries to define the term 'motoring magazine' by examining the range and content of periodicals published in this segment in the early days of motoring.

Magazyn Muzyczny was one of the two top 'cult magazines' of the communist period. Like its rival, Non Stop, it promoted pop music, especially rock. Both magazines went through a similar evolution, although the latter had a much longer history, as it was the direct successor of Jazz, the oldest entertainment music magazine in Central and Eastern Europe, established in 1956. However, since the 1980s — what with editorial, personal, structural changes, and above all the shift of the musical taste of many, mainly young Poles, effected by the rock boom — it became in principle (and in recent years) a virtually new periodical. Its quantitative (structural) analysis has filled the content of this article, but it also forms the basis of a broader study, which is due to appear in print in the near future in the form of a two-volume monograph.

The article discusses the role of the press in the socio- economic activities of the Catholic Action movement in the interwar period by focusing on the Diocese of Siedlce in the 1930s. An analysis of the content of three regional magazines, Wiadomości Diecezjalne Podlaskie (The Podlasie Diocesan News), Głos Podlaski (The Voice of Podlasie) and Podlaski Miesięcznik Katolicki (The Podlasie Catholic Monthly) indicates that all of them played an important role in founding new branches of the Catholic Action, mobilizing its members to get involved in the Action's economic and social projects, and encouraging them to join various initiatives in the sphere of defence and state security.

This article examines the broad reception of Virginia Woolf in the interwar press in Poland. On the basis of over a hundred press materials, it assesses the contribution of selected newspapers and magazines as well as cultural mediators to the process that enhanced both the transfer of modernism and the development of reading culture. The article analyzes diverse strategies of interpretation and cultural transfer whose develop-ment was stimulated by cultural centres and transna-tional modernist networks.