Since the so-called Hopf-type amplifier has become an established element in the modeling of the mammalian hearing organ, it also gets attention in the design of nonlinear amplifiers for technical applications. Due to its pure sinusoidal response to a sinusoidal input signal, the amplifier based on the normal form of the Andronov-Hopf bifurcation is a peculiar exception of nonlinear amplifiers. This feature allows an exact mathematical formulation of the input-output characteristic and thus deeper insights of the nonlinear behavior. Aside from the Hopf-type amplifier we investigate an extension of the Hopf system with focus on ambiguities, especially the separation of solution sets, and double hysteresis behavior in the input-output characteristic. Our results are validated by a DSP implementation.

Głównym celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja ujęcia wieloznaczności przedstawionego w pracy Tadeusza Pawłowskiego Tworzenie pojęć w naukach humanistycznych (1986) oraz systematyzacja i analiza tej propozycji. Ze względu na to, że Pawłowski był uczniem Tadeusza i Janiny Kotarbińskich oraz zajmował się kwestiami metodologicz-nymi dotyczącymi języka nauki (i naukowo rozumianej filozofii), tłem rozważań jest tradycja Szkoły Lwowsko-Warszawskiej. W artykule zostają sformułowane pewne uwagi dotyczące koncepcji Pawłowskiego, jak również kilka innych obserwacji na temat zjawiska wieloznaczności.

Mixed emotions remain a fascinating, yet still understudied phenomenon. All of the previous research has focused solely on ambivalence, studying only the mix of positivity and negativity in emotions (the dimensions of valence). We sum up the already existing knowledge about the dimensional approach to ambivalence and its consequences. Based directly on this knowledge, we introduce a new theoretical model describing ambiguity in four additional dimensions (apart from valence), grouped into two bivariate spaces: origin (dimensions of automaticity and reflectiveness) and activation (arousal and subjective significance). Both of these spaces have never been studied before in the context of ambiguity and mixed feelings. Future implications of the new model are discussed, including any potential impact on the methodology of research and the possible advantages in understanding and describing emotional experiences.

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie fantastyki J.-P. Bours’a, jednego z najmniej znanych reprezentantów belgijskiej szkoły niezwykłości. Dzieło pisarza wyróżnia się niezwykłym bogactwem: Bours praktykuje wszystkie podgatunki fantastyki pozostając prawdziwym mistrzem krótkiej formy. W moim artykule, analizuję charakterystyczną cechę jego fantastyki: niejednoznaczność. Aby osiągnąć ten efekt, pisarz posługuje się całą gamą technik (m.in. niedopowiedzeniem, elipsą) co ukazuję w La Mort du juste.

The article considers information technology for the realization of human communication using residual human capabilities, obtained by organizing text entry using mobile and auxiliary devices. The components of the proposed technology are described in detail: the method for entering text information to realize the possibility of introducing a limited number of controls and the method of predicting words that are most often encountered after words already entered in the sentence. A generalized representation of the process of entering text is described with the aid of an ambiguous virtual keyboard and the representation of control signals for the selection of control elements. The approaches to finding the optimal distribution of the set of alphabet characters for different numbers of control signals are given. The method of word prediction is generalized and improved, the statistical language model with "back-off" is used, and the approach to the formation of the training corpus of the spoken Ukrainian language is proposed.

Instantaneous frequency measurement devices are designated for very fast measurements of the current frequency value of microwave signals, even if they are very short in the time domain. Fast measurements of frequency temporary values may be based on the evaluation of the phase difference of signal propagating through the microwave transmission lines with unequal, but known, lengths. This paper presents the principle of determination of temporary values of the microwave signal frequency using the digitalized signals and the binary value of them eventually. In the purpose of increase the frequency discrimination resolution, additional tracks with lines with a larger length are proposed. For the system with elements with analytical model transmission characteristics it is typical that bands of ambiguity of frequency measurement occurs. To tackle this problem in addition to 4 x 4 Butler matrix implementation the method of using combination sine and cosine signals is proposed.