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Σχοῖνος Revisited – LXX Micah 6:5

Folia Orientalia | 2017 | vol. LIV

Keywords Σαττιν השטים Shittim Micah 6 burning bush

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Abstract

Building on the argument of an earlier contribution of James K. Aitken (2000), this article aims to explain why the Greek toponym Σαττιν does not translate the word הַ שּׁ טּים (Shittim) in LXX Micah 6:5. The Massoretic text reads ‘from Shittim to Gilgal’. The LXX translator uses σχοῖνος to appeal to all readerships. While the educated reader is aware of the location and significance of Shittim, these might not be obvious for the less educated majority. As the meaning of σχοῖνος varies (rush, reed, bramble, thorn, and a type of measure used in Egypt, or even a more generic bush), its interpretation changes as one contemplates in context each of these meanings. Ultimately, the simplest audience could read this extension of time/space of ἀπὸ τῶν σχοίνων ἕως τοῦ Γαλγαλ as referring to the whole history of Exodus, from the burning bush to Gilgal.

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Authors and Affiliations

Vasile A. Condrea

The Concentration of Rare Earth Elements in the Polish Power Plant Wastes

Rafał Karol Baron Piotr Matusiak Daniel Kowol Marcin Talarek

Archives of Mining Sciences | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 25-36 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2022.140700

Keywords Coal burning wastes rare earth elements (REE) granulometric classification

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Abstract

The article presents the results of laboratory tests determining the concentration of rare earth elements (REE) in coal-burning wastes to assess their economic usefulness. The content of valuable elements was determined by the technique of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the material collected from three regions of southern Poland. A mixture of waste (including fly ash, furnace slag) from heat and power plants using coal for thermal transformation processes was an object for testing. Part of the research project was to identify a share of the rare elements in the collected samples with a selected grain class of <0.045 mm.

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Bibliography

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[3] M. Kathryn, K. M. Goodenough, F. Wall, D. Merriman, The Rare Earth Elements: Demand, Global Resources, and Challenges for Resourcing Future Generations, Natural Resources Research 27, 201-216 (2018). DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-017-9336-5
[4] V. Balaram, Rare earth elements: A review of applications, occurrence, exploration, analysis, recycling, and environmental impact. Geoscience Frontiers 10, 4, 1285-1303 (2019). DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.12.005
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Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Karol Baron

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Piotr Matusiak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Daniel Kowol

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Talarek

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

ITG KOMAG, 37 Pszczyńska Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

The influence of impurities on the operation of selected fuel ignition systems in combustion engines

Sebastian Różowicz Szymon Tofil

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2016 | vol. 65 | No 2 June | 349-360 | DOI: 10.1515/aee-2016-0026

Keywords electrode burning fuel mixture impurities ignition system spark plugs

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Abstract

The paper attempts to determine the impact of fuel impurities on the spark discharge energy and the wear of the spark plug electrode. Spark plugs were analyzed in two typical configurations of the ignition system. A number of tests were conducted to determine the wear of the spark plug electrode exposed to different types of impurities. The spark discharge energy for new and worn spark plugs was determined through calculation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Różowicz

Szymon Tofil

Research of autonomous generator indicators with the dynamically changing component of a two-fuel mixture

Ihor Kupchuk Serhii Burlaka Alexander Galushchak Tetiana Yemchyk Dmytro Galushchak Yrii Prysiazhniuk

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 2 | 147-162

Keywords diesel fuel biodiesel fuel engine working processes energy efficiency burning time

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Abstract

Diesel generator engines operate in wide load modes; therefore, it is necessary to change the percentage of the mixture of diesel and biodiesel fuel depending on the operating mode of the engine; this ensures its technical performance at the required level in all operating modes, including starting and stopping the engine. This article describes an algorithm for the operation of a diesel generator and an algorithm for determining the composition of the fuel mixture. During the study, the ratio between the components of the mixture changed, taking into account the load modes of operation of the diesel generator, indicators of fuel supply and the formulation of the fuel mixture to ensure optimal values of technical and economic indicators. To assess the efficiency of the flow of working processes in a diesel cylinder, their duration was selected, which is estimated by the duration of the processes of fuel injection, evaporation and combustion. Using the dynamic regulation of the composition of the diesel and biodiesel fuel, the total fuel consumption increased by 5.9%, but the cost of purchasing the fuel is reduced by 10% (at prices as of November 2021) and by 14.6% (based on prices as of the beginning of 2022) compared to engine operation with diesel fuel. This confirms the expediency of using the dynamic adjustment of the composition of the fuel mixture. In addition, even higher economic indicators can be achieved by using an autonomous power plant with a diesel power capacity higher than the generator capacity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ihor Kupchuk

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Serhii Burlaka

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Alexander Galushchak

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tetiana Yemchyk

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dmytro Galushchak

1

Yrii Prysiazhniuk

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Engineering and Technology Faculty, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Ukraine
Vinnytsia National Technical University, Ukraine
Faculty of Economics and Entrepreneurship, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Ukraine

Kinetics of Gas Emission from Heated Moulding Sands Together with the On-line Assessment of H2 and O2 Fractions - New Investigation Method

J. Zych J. Mocek

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2016 | No 4 | DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0088

Keywords Specific gas evolution rate Hydrogen content Oxygen content Moulding sand with resin Burning Moulding sanddestruction

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Abstract

The new investigation method of the kinetics of the gas emission from moulding sands used for moulds and cores is presented in this

paper. The gas evolution rate is presented not only as a function of heating time but also as a function of instantaneous temperatures. In

relation to the time and heating temperature the oxygen and hydrogen contents in evolving gases was also measured. This method was

developed in the Laboratory of Foundry Moulds Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH. Gas amounts which are emitted from

the moulding sand at the given temperature recalculated to the time unit (kinetics) are obtained in investigations. Results of investigations

of moulding sand with furan resin are presented - as an example - in the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Zych

J. Mocek

Quantification of nitrates leaching from grassland soils in winter using the Burns model

Stefan Pietrzak Marek Urbaniak

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2024 | No 60 | 39-49 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.148458

Keywords Burns model grassland mineral soils nitrate leaching nitrate nitrogen content organic origin soil

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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study on the level of nitrate leaching from the 0–30 cm layer of grassland (GL) soil in the Lublin Voivodship during the winters of 2018/2019, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. The amounts of leached nitrates were determined using the Burns model. For the calculations based on this model – directly and indirectly, the results determination of residual nitrate nitrogen, texture and organic matter in GL soils, obtained within the framework of agricultural monitoring of soils by the National Chemical and Agricultural Station (KSChR), and results of system meteorological measurements conducted by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) were used.
The analysed soil samples were taken from 39 permanent control and measurement grassland sites. The research discovered in particular that:
– the average leaching of nitrate nitrogen from GL mineral soil in the three analysed periods was 16.2 and 5.1 kg N∙ha–1 from organic soil;
– on average, in autumn during the entire study period, 55.3% of NO3-N leached from the 0–30 cm layer of GL mineral soil, and 27.3% from organic soil;
– among different agronomic categories of mineral soil, the highest leaching of NO3-N was recorded from medium soil (17.4 kg N∙ha–1) and the lowest from heavy soil (11.5 kg N∙ha–1);
– individually determined values of NO3-N leaching from soil varied significantly from 0 to 68.5 kg N∙ha–1 for mineral soil and from 0.1 to 23.65 kg N∙ha–1 for organic soil.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stefan Pietrzak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marek Urbaniak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Hrabska Ave., 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland

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Σχοῖνος Revisited – LXX Micah 6:5

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

The Concentration of Rare Earth Elements in the Polish Power Plant Wastes

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

The influence of impurities on the operation of selected fuel ignition systems in combustion engines

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Research of autonomous generator indicators with the dynamically changing component of a two-fuel mixture

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Kinetics of Gas Emission from Heated Moulding Sands Together with the On-line Assessment of H2 and O2 Fractions - New Investigation Method

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Quantification of nitrates leaching from grassland soils in winter using the Burns model

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations