Research in molecular genetics has made great advances in recent years that have wide practical applications. At the same time, it has been confirmed that not everything provided by modern genetic research is good and beneficial for humans. In particular, the discovery of the CRISPR/CAS9 method has made it possible to interfere very effectively with an individual’s hereditary characteristics, which has forced doctors, lawyers, ethicists, sociologists, theologians and representatives of churches to take a clear stance on the issue. The need for further scientific development requires the limits of research to be defined in order to avoid irreparable damage to the gene pool of humanity. The aim of this article is to examine the Magisterium of the Catholic Church in dealing with current bioethical issues arising from new scientific discoveries and to present Christian principles in the context of the possibilities offered by molecular editing using CRISPR/CAS9. The position of the Catholic Church on current developments in the field of biomedicine, even at a time of significant biomedical discoveries, is based on a holistic view on human life, its value and mission. In the deepest sense of the word, gene therapy should be a therapy for a specific disease of a given organism that respects the integral good of the human person. Clinical interventions aimed at improving the genome of an individual, and therefore of society, are unacceptable. Human life must not become the object of a eugenic positivist-materialist mentality. The teaching office of the Church promotes scientific development for the common good of humanity and, at the same time, strives to preserve the dignity and integrity of every human being.

The field of plant pathology has adopted targeted genome editing technology as one of its most crucial and effective genetic tools. Due to its simplicity, effectiveness, versatility, CRISPR together with CRISPR-associated proteins found in an adaptive immune system of prokaryotes have recently attracted the interest of the scientific world. Plant disease resistance must be genetically improved for sustainable agriculture. Plant biology and biotechnology have been transformed by genome editing, which makes it possible to perform precise and targeted genome modifications. Editing offers a fresh approach by genetically enhancing plant disease resistance and quickening resistance through breeding. It is simpler to plan and implement, has a greater success rate, is more adaptable and less expensive than other genome editing methods. Importantly CRISPR/Cas9 has recently surpassed plant science as well as plant disease. After years of research, scientists are currently modifying and rewriting genomes to create crop plants which are immune to particular pests and diseases. The main topics of this review are current developments in plant protection using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in model plants and commodities in response to viral, fungal, and bacterial infections, as well as potential applications and difficulties of numerous promising CRISPR/Cas9-adapted approaches.

Plant viruses cause crop losses in agronomically and economically important crops, making global food security a challenge. Although traditional plant breeding has been effective in controlling plant viral diseases, it is unlikely to solve the problems associated with the frequent emergence of new and more virulent virus species or strains. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop alternative virus control strategies that can be used to more easily contain viral diseases. A better understanding of plant defence mechanisms will open up new avenues for research into plant- pathogen interactions and the development of broad-spectrum virus resistance.
The scientific literature was evaluated and structured in this review, and the results of the reliability of the methods of analysis used were filtered. As a result, we described the molecular mechanisms by which viruses interact with host plant cells.
To develop an effective strategy for the control of plant pathogens with a significant intensity on the agricultural market, clear and standardised recommendations are required. The current review will provide key insights into the molecular underpinnings underlying the coordination of plant disease resistance, such as main classes of resistance genes, RNA interference, and the RNA-mediated adaptive immune system of bacteria and archaea – clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated Cas proteins – CRISPR/Cas.
Future issues related to resistance to plant viral diseases will largely depend on integrated research to transfer fundamental knowledge to applied problems, bridging the gap between laboratory and field work.

Article published in Science, 2012 by Jennifer A. Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier and their team presented a novel tool named as CRISPR/Cas9. The original CRISPR/Cas9 tool and the whole system developed from it since then allow making precise changes in the nucleotide sequence in the defined locus of the genome. The article presents the already known as well the potential future applications of the system for improvement of cultivated plants. The separate section is devoted to present the background of the Court of Justice decision C-528/16. Discussed are the far reaching negative consequences of this, based not on the merit decision, for the future of European green biotechnology.