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Hot Dipping of Chromium Low-alloyed Steel in Al and Al-Si Eutectic Molten Baths

G.M. Attia W.M.A. Afify M.I. Ammar
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 1 | 37-50 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136076
Keywords Coating Hot dipping Aluminizing Chromium low alloyed steel
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Abstract

Chromium low alloyed steel substrate was subjected to aluminizing by hot dipping in pure aluminium and Al-Si eutectic alloy at 750°C and 650°C respectively, for dipping time up to 45 minutes. The coated samples were subjected for investigation using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Cyclic thermal oxidation test was carried out at 500°C for 72 hours to study the oxidation behaviour of hot-dipped aluminized steel. Electrochemical corrosion behavior was conducted in 3wt. %NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. The cyclic thermal oxidation resistance was highly improved for both coating systems because of the formation of a thin protective oxide film in the outermost coating layer. The gain in weight was decreased by 24 times. The corrosion rate was decreased from 0.11 mmpy for uncoated specimen to be 2.9 x10-3 mmpy for Aluminum coated steel and 5.7x 10-3 mmpy for Al-Si eutectic coated specimens. The presence of silicon in hot dipping molten bath inhabit the growth of coating intermetallic layers, decrease the total coating thickness and change the interface boundaries from tongue like shape to be more regular with flatter interface. Two distinct coating layers were observed after hot dipping aluminizing in Al bath, while three distinct layers were observed after hot dipping in Al-Si molten bath.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

G.M. Attia
1
W.M.A. Afify
1
M.I. Ammar
1
  1. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Suez University, Egypt

Evaluation of the Phases Present in the Zinc Coating Obtained on the Ductile Cast Iron Substrate in the Bath with the Addition of Ti

Karolina Bracka-Kęsek Andrzej Szczęsny Dariusz Kopyciński Edward Guzik
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 5-13 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146673
Keywords hot-dip galvanizing Fe-Zn-Ti Ti addition Cast iron
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Abstract

This paper presents the effect of the addition of Ti to the zinc bath. Hot-Dip Galvanizing was carried out on a machined ductile cast iron substrate. The process was carried out at 550°C. Experimental baths A, B and C contained 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%Ti, respectively. Metallographic samples were prepared to reveal the microstructure of the coatings. Thickness measurements of the obtained coatings were carried out, and graphs of the approximate crystallization kinetics of the zinc coating were prepared. High-temperature galvanization carried out on the treated surface led to the release of graphite beads from the metal matrix and their diffusion into the coating. This phenomenon can have an adverse effect on the continuity of the coating and its adhesion to the substrate. Crystallization of the δ phase was observed in the coating, and at longer immersion times – a mixture of two-phase δ1 and η phases. With increasing Ti content in the bath, a deterioration in the casting properties of the bath was observed.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Bracka-Kęsek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Szczęsny
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Kopyciński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Edward Guzik
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Foundry Engineering, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Experimental Research on the Influence of Roughness of the Machined Surface of a Part on Galvanization

Sandor Ravai-Nagy Alina Bianca Pop Marcin Nabiałek Costin Alexandru Mihail Aurel Țîțu
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1591-1595 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146227
Keywords Surface quality turning pickling hot dip galvanizing optimization
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Abstract

The purpose of this scientific paper is to follow the influence of thermal galvanizing, as a technological process on the quality of the galvanized surface. The galvanizing technology used and studied involves at the end of the process, the removal of excess zinc from the surface by centrifugation. The zinc layer will be lower than that of simple immersion galvanizing. The measurements were performed following the roughness of the machined surface on a five-Section specimen – each Section being processed with a different cutting regime. The results were analyzed after each operation. The first measurements were made after the turning operation, followed by measurements made after pickling and fluxing and then after thermal galvanizing. Based on the results obtained, the aim was to set up a range of best roughness at which the galvanized part should have a commercial appearance and be made with a cost-effective cutting regime in terms of costs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sandor Ravai-Nagy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alina Bianca Pop
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Costin Alexandru
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mihail Aurel Țîțu
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Northern Un iversity Cent re of Baia Mare, Faculty of Engineering – Department of Engineering and Technology Management , 62A, Vict or Babes Street, 430083, Baia Mare, Maramures, Romania
  2. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics , Armii Krajowej 19 Av., 42-200 Częstochowa
  3. Electro Sistem, 4B, 8 Martie Street, 430406, Baia Mare, Maramures, Romania
  4. ”Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Management Department , 10 Victoriei Street, 550024, Sibiu, Romania

The Influence of the Angle of Working Part of Die on the Zinc Coating Thickness and Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel Wires

M. Suliga R. Wartacz
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 4 | 1295-1299 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.130093
Keywords wire die angle hot dip galvanizing Mechanical properties
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Abstract

The paper discusses experimental studies to determine the effect of the die working portion angle on the lubrication conditions, zinc coating thickness and the mechanical properties of medium-carbon steel wires. The test material was 5.5 mm-diameter wire rod which was drawn into 2.2 mm-diameter wire in seven draws at a drawing speed of v = 10 m/s. Conventional drawing dies of a working portion angle of α = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7°, respectively, were used for the drawing process. After the drawing process, the quantity of the lubricant on the wire surface and the thickness of the zinc coating were determined in individual draws. Testing the finished 2.2 mm-diameter wires for mechanical properties, on the other hand, determined the effect of the die working portion on the yield point, tensile strength, uniform and total elongation, reduction in area, the number of twists and the number of bends.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Suliga
R. Wartacz

Improvement of Weldability of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel by Anti-Galvanizing Coating with Si-Fe-Al Oxide-Based Micropowder

Seong-Min So Ki-Yeon Kim Il-Song Park Seok-Jae Lee Dong-Jin Yoo Yeon-Won Kim Min-Suk Oh
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 155-159
Keywords Hot-dip galvanizing Anti-galvanizing Oxide micropowder weldability
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Abstract

A Si-Fe-Al ternary oxide-based micropowder coating was used to prevent the formation of a Zn coating on steel during the hot-dip Zn galvanizing process to reduce the welding fume and defects generated during the welding of Zn-galvanized steel. The composition ratio of the oxide powder was optimized and its microstructure and weldability were evaluated. The optimized oxide coating was stable in the hot-dip galvanizing bath at 470°C and effectively inhibited the formation of Zn coating. The Zn residue could be easily removed with simple mechanical impact. The proposed coating reduced Zn fume and prevented the residual Zn from melting in the weld bead during high-temperature welding, thus reducing the number of welding defects. The results indicated that this pretreatment can simplify the manufacturing process and shorten the process time cost-effectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Seong-Min So
1
Ki-Yeon Kim
1
Il-Song Park
1
ORCID: ORCID
Seok-Jae Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dong-Jin Yoo
2
Yeon-Won Kim
3
ORCID: ORCID
Min-Suk Oh
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Jeonbuk National University, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
  2. Jeonbuk National University, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering Of Graduate School, Department of Life Science, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
  3. Mokpo National Maritime University, Division of Marine Mechatronics, Mokpo, Republic of Korea

A study on the Surface Roughness of Galvannealed Low Carbon Al-Killed and Ti-Nb Stabilized Interstitial Free Steels

Candan Sen Elkoca Bulent Ekmekci Oktay Elkoca
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 847-851 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136389
Keywords Galvannealing galvannealed steel hot-dip galvanizing Fe-Zn phases surface roughness
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Abstract

In this study, the surface roughness of galvannealed low carbon Al-killed and Ti-Nb stabilized interstitial free steels was investigated using the industrial galvannealing process parameters. The iron content of the coatings was also analysed to establish a relationship with the surface roughness and coating composition. The surface roughness displayed an exponential behaviour with increasing of annealing time at each annealing temperature in both steel coatings, which was in an increasing order in the galvannealed low carbon Al-killed steel coating, whereas it was a reverse order in the galvannealed Ti-Nb stabilized interstitial free steel coating. The craters were observed on the galvannealed coatings resulting in high surface roughness. Increasing the iron content of the coatings leads to a reduction in the surface roughness with δ1k phase.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Candan Sen Elkoca
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bulent Ekmekci
2
ORCID: ORCID
Oktay Elkoca
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Bulent Ecevit University, Alapli Vocational High School, Zonguldak 67850, Turkey
  2. Bulent Ecevit University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
  3. Duzce University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Duzce 81620, Turkey

Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Zn-Al Based Alloys

P. Gogola Z. Gabalcová H. Suchánek M. Babinec M. Bonek M. Kusý
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 2 | 959-966 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.132844
Keywords hot-dip coating quantitative x-ray diffraction image analysis Zn-Al alloy
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Abstract

The paper describes modification to Fm3–m (space group no. 225) lattice of aluminium based α-solid solution observed in Zn-Al alloys required to properly correlate quantitative data from X-ray diffraction analysis with results obtained from quantitative scanning electron microscopy image analysis and those predicted from Zn-Al binary phase diagram. Results suggests that 14 at.% of Zn as a solute atom should be introduced in crystal lattice of aluminium to obtain correct estimation of phase quantities determined by quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. It was shown that this modification holds for Cu mould cast as well as annealed and water-cooled samples of Zn-3wt.%. Al and Zn-5wt.% Al.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Gogola
Z. Gabalcová
H. Suchánek
M. Babinec
M. Bonek
M. Kusý

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