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Number of results: 5
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Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a disease extremely harmful to pig health. Intramuscular and Houhai acupoint injections are the main immunization routes to prevent and control PED. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of these two routes in pregnant sows based on serum IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody levels. PED virus (PEDV) immunoprophylaxis with live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines was administered. The vaccinations for the intramuscular injections elevated IgG and neutralizing antibody levels more than Houhai acupoint injections at most timepoints after immunization. However, the anti-PEDV IgA antibodies induced by vaccination with the two immunization routes did not differ significantly. In conclusion, intramuscular injections are better than Houhai acupoint injections for PEDV vaccination of pregnant sows.
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Bibliography

1. Brown J, Poonsuk K, Cheng TY, Rademacher C, Kalkwarf E, Tian L, McKeen LA, Wang C, Gimenez-Lirola L, Baum D, Karriker LA (2023) Comparison of two diagnostic assays for the detection of serum neutralizing antibody to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Animals (Basel) 13:757.
2. Hsueh FC, Chang YC, Kao CF, Hsu CW, Chang HW (2020) Intramuscular immunization with chemokine-adjuvanted inactive porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces substantial protection in pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 8:102.
3. Jin H, Wu Y, Bi S, Xu Y, Shi F, Li X, Ma X, Hu S (2020) Higher immune response induced by vaccination in Houhai acupoint relates to the lymphatic drainage of the injection site. Res Vet Sci 130: 230-236.
4. Jung K, Saif LJ, Wang Q (2020) Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): An update on etiology, transmission, pathogenesis, and pre-vention and control. Virus Res 286: 198045.
5. Krishna VD, Kim Y, Yang M, Vannucci F, Molitor T, Torremorell M, Cheeran MC (2020) Immune responses to porcine epidemic diar-rhea virus (PEDV) in swine and protection against subsequent infection. PLoS One 15: e0231723.
6. Langel SN, Paim FC, Alhamo MA, Buckley A, Van Geelen A, Lager KM, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ (2019) Stage of gestation at porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection of pregnant swine impacts maternal immunity and lactogenic immune protection of neonatal suckling piglets. Front Immunol 10: 727.
7. Lee C (2015) Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: an emerging and re-emerging epizootic swine virus. Virol J 12: 193.
8. Lv C, Xiao Y, Li X, Tian K (2016) Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: current insights. Virus Adapt Treat 8: 1-12.
9. Shibata I, Tsuda T, Mori M, Ono M, Sueyoshi M, Uruno K (2000) Isolation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in porcine cell cultures and experimental infection of pigs of different ages. Vet Microbiol 72: 173-182.
10. Sun D, Wang X, Wei S, Chen J, Feng L (2016) Epidemiology and vaccine of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in China: a mini-review. J Vet Med Sci 78: 355-363.
11. Xu W, Hu S (2021) Administration of infectious bursal disease vaccine in Houhai acupoint promotes robust immune responses in chickens. Res Vet Sci 142: 149-153.
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Authors and Affiliations

C. Hu
1
X. Xie
2
D. Zhao
3
H. Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
X. Liu
4
T. Yang
5
W. Sun
6

  1. Pulike Biological Engineering Inc., Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
  2. Yiyang Vocational and Technical College, Yiyang, Hunan, 413055, China
  3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
  4. Xiangtan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411104, China
  5. College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, 336000, China
  6. Sinopharm Animal Health Corporation Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
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Abstract

In recent years, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have gained great importance in terms of the benefits it provides such as precise geodetic point positioning, determining crustal deformations, navigation, vehicle monitoring systems and meteorological applications etc. As in Turkey, for this purpose, each country has set up its own GNSS station networks like Turkish National Permanent RTK Network analyzed precise station coordinates and velocities together with the International GNSS Service , Turkish National Fundamental GPS Network and Turkish National Permanent GNSS Network (TNPGN) stations not only are utilized as precise positioning but also GNSS meteorology studies so total number of stations are increased. This work is related to the reactivated of the TRAB IGS station which was established in Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Geomatics Engineering. Within the COST ES1206 Action (GNSS4SWEC) KTU analysis center was established and Trop-NET system developed by Geodetic Observatory Pecny (GOP, RIGTC) in order to troposphere monitoring. The project titled “Using Regional GNSS Networks to Strengthen Severe Weather Prediction” was accepted to the scientific and technological research council of Turkey (TUBITAK). With this project, we will design 2 new constructed GNSS reference station network. Using observation data of network, we will compare water vapor distribution derived by GNSS Meteorology and GNSS Tomography. At this time, KTU AC was accepted as E-GVAP Analysis Centre in December 2016. KTU reference station is aimed to be a member of the EUREF network with these studies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Selma Zengin Kazancı
Emine Tanır Kayıkçı
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Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly being used in close range photogrammetry. Real-time observation of the Earth’s surface and the photogrammetric images obtained are used as material for surveying and environmental inventory. The following study was conducted on a small area (approximately 1 ha). In such cases, the classical method of topographic mapping is not accurate enough. The geodetic method of topographic surveying, on the other hand, is an overly precise measurement technique for the purpose of inventorying the natural environment components. The author of the following study has proposed using the unmanned aerial vehicle technology and tying in the obtained images to the control point network established with the aid of GNSS technology. Georeferencing the acquired images and using them to create a photogrammetric model of the studied area enabled the researcher to perform calculations, which yielded a total root mean square error below 9 cm. The performed comparison of the real lengths of the vectors connecting the control points and their lengths calculated on the basis of the photogrammetric model made it possible to fully confirm the RMSE calculated and prove the usefulness of the UAV technology in observing terrain components for the purpose of environmental inventory. Such environmental components include, among others, elements of road infrastructure, green areas, but also changes in the location of moving pedestrians and vehicles, as well as other changes in the natural environment that are not registered on classical base maps or topographic maps.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Smaczyński
Beata Medyńska-Gulij
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Abstract

This paper provides analyses of the accuracy and convergence time of the PPP method using GPS systems and different IGS products. The official IGS products: Final, Rapid and Ultra Rapid as well as MGEX products calculated by the CODE analysis centres were used. In addition, calculations with weighting function of the observations were carried out, depending on the elevation angle. The best results were obtained for CODE products, with a 5-minute interval precision ephemeris and precise corrections to satellite clocks with a 30-second interval. For these calculations the accuracy of position determination was at the level of 3 cm with a convergence time of 44 min. Final and Rapid products, which were orbit with a 15-minute interval and clock with a 5 minute interval, gave very similar results. The same level of accuracy was obtained for calculations with CODE products, for which both precise ephemeris and precise corrections to satellite clocks with the interval of 5 minutes. For these calculations, the accuracy was 4 cm with the convergence time of 70 min. The worst accuracy was obtained for calculations with Ultra-rapid products, with an interval of 15 minutes. For these calculations, the accuracy was 10 cm with a convergence time of 120 min. The use of the weighting function improved the accuracy of position determination in each case, except for calculations with Ultra-rapid products. The use of this function slightly increased the convergence time, in addition to the CODE calculation, which was reduced to 9 min.

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Authors and Affiliations

Damian Kiliszek
Marcin Szołucha
Krzysztof Kroszczyński
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Abstract

Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) is a fundamental isolation and purification tool which is incorporated in a substantial range of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. This study has reappraised the usefulness of immunoaffinity chromatography for the purification of polyclonal antibodies. Protein A based IAC is a convenient and reliable method for purification of IgG, from hyperimmunesera (HIS) raised in experimental animals such as rabbits, guinea pigs and mice to be utilized in pharmaceutics and diagnostics. The 146S fraction of Foot and Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) TCID50=10 5.6 was cultured on a baby hamster kidney cell line 21 (BHK-21), concentrated using salt precipitation method using PEG 6000, purified by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using Sepharose-30 at 254nm absorbance. Purification of 146S FMDV was analyzed using 12% SDS-PAGE which provided two bands of light and heavy chains. The alum-based vaccine, consisting of ≥10μg of 146S FMDV, was applied in 10 male rabbits and 10 male guinea pigs and two animals of each group were taken as a negative control. The titer of serum was calculated using virus neutralization test. A Protein-A kit (Thermo scientific- 44667, 0528.2) was used to purify HIS raised against 146S FMDV and validated using 12% SDS PAGE in reducing condition. The data demonstrate that protein-A affinity chromatography is an efficient tool for the purification of antibodies from hyper-immune sera raised against 146S FMDV and can be used for the production of diagnostic kits e.g. Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

A. Munir
1
A.A. Anjum
1
I. Altaf
2
A.R. Awan
3

  1. Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall road, Lahore, Pakistan
  2. Quality Operations Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall road, Lahore, Pakistan
  3. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall road, Lahore, Pakistan

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