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Abstract

The paper presents the results of work leading to the construction of a spatial hybrid model based on finite element (FE) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods allowing the computer simulation of physical phenomena accompanying the steel sample testing at temperatures that are characteristic for soft-reduction process. The proposed solution includes local density variations at the level of mechanical solution (the incompressibility condition was replaced with the condition of mass conservation), and at the same time simulates the grain growth in a comprehensive resistance heating process combined with a local remelting followed by free/controlled cooling of the sample tested. Simulation of grain growth in the entire computing domain would not be possible without the support of GPU processors. There was a 59-fold increase in the computing speed on the GPU compared to single-threaded computing on the CPU. The study was complemented by examples of experimental and computer simulation results, showing the correctness of the adopted model assumptions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Hojny
Tomasz Dębiński
ORCID: ORCID

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Abstract

Internal cracking surrounding primary carbides in high carbon steel as-cast blooms induced by soft reduction is investigated to elucidate their influence of internal cracking on carbide precipitation and the resulting segregated band in hot-rolled wire rods. The primary carbides precipitation in high carbon steel has been investigated using both experimental observations and finite element simulations for as-cast blooms induced by soft reduction. It is found that the carbides precipitation in the vicinity of existing internal cracks is often located midway between the surface and centreline of the bloom, further increases the occurrence of the segregated bands in the hot-rolled wire rods. In addition, the growth of primary carbides surrounding the internal cracking are based on the chemical driving force and high density precipitate zones have been clarified in continuous casting bloom induced by soft reduction. It clearly shows that the spatial distribution of internal cracking surrounding primary carbides that play a key role in the formation of the segregated bands in the final steel products.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nanfu Zong
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Tao Jing
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yang Liu
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. R&D Institute of Bengang Steel Plates Co., Ltd., Benxi 117000, China
  2. Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  3. Jiangsu Changqiang Iron and Steel Corp., Ltd., Jiangsu 214500, China
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Abstract

The paper reports the results of work leading to the construction of a spatial thermo-mechanical model based on the finite element method allowing the computer simulation of physical phenomena accompanying the steel sample testing at temperatures that are characteristic for the soft-reduction process. The proposed numerical model is based upon a rigid-plastic solution for the prediction of stress and strain fields, and the Fourier-Kirchhoff equation for the prediction of temperature fields. The mushy zone that forms within the sample volume is characterized by a variable density during solidification with simultaneous deformation. In this case, the incompressibilitycondition applied in the classic rigid-plastic solution becomes inadequate. Therefore, in the presented solution, a modified operator equation in the optimized power functional was applied, which takes into account local density changes at the mechanical model level (the incompressibility condition was replaced with the condition of mass conservation). The study was supplemented withexamples of numerical and experimental simulation results, indicating that the proposed model conditions, assumptions, and numerical models are correct.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Hojny
Tomasz Dębiński
ORCID: ORCID
M. Głowacki
1
Trang Thi Thu Nguyen
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

The formation of internal cracks in as-cast billet is mainly attributed to the stress and strain states near the solidifying front. This study investigates the effect of chamfer configuration of as-cast billet on the maximal principal stress and the tensile stress during soft reduction process. The LIT and ZDT of GCr15 bearing steel are calculated by the solidification phase transformation model. What’s more, the 3D finite element models is established to investigate stress and strain states in the brittle temperature range. The relationships between chamfer angle and maximal principal stress, internal crack, as well as equivalent plastic strain are analyzed. Numerical results reveal that a chamfer configuration of as-cast billet is much more effective than a rectangular one on decreasing the risk of internal cracks.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nanfu Zong
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Sida Ma
2
Weizhao Sun
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yang Liu
3
ORCID: ORCID
Tao Jing
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. R&D Institute of Bengang Steel Plates Co., Ltd., Benxi 117000, China
  2. Tsinghua University, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing 100084, China
  3. Jiangsu Changqiang Iron and Steel Corp., Ltd., Jiangsu 214500, China

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