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Efficacy of manuka honey with conventional antifungals on Malassezia pachydermatis

P. Váczi E. Čonková Z. Malinovská
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2023 | vol. 26 | No 2 | 257-263 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.145037
Keywords Malassezia pachydermatis manuka honey azole antifungals synergy
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Abstract

Yeast infections such as otitis externa and seborrheic dermatitis in dogs and cats are frequently associated with Malassezia pachydermatis secondary infection. It is part of the normal cutaneous microflora of most warm-blooded vertebrates, however, under certain conditions, it can become a causative agent of infection that needs to be treated pharmacologically. Azole derivatives are the drugs of the first choice. An interesting trend in developing resistance is the use of natural substances, which include manuka honey with confirmed antimicrobial properties. The main intention of this research was to evaluate the mutual effect of manuka honey in combination with four conventional azole antifungals – clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and miconazole – on 14 Malassezia pachydermatis isolates obtained from dogs and 1 reference strain. A slightly modified M27–A3 method (CLSI 2008) and the checkerboard test (Nikolić et al. 2017) were used for this purpose. Our results show an additive effect of all 4 antifungals with manuka honey concurrent use. Based on the determined values of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI – 0.74±0.03 when manuka honey combined with clotrimazole, 0.96±0.08 with fluconazole, 1.0±0 with miconazole and 1.16±0.26 with itraconazole), it was found in all cases that the effect of substances used is more pronounced in mutual combination than when used separately.
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Authors and Affiliations

P. Váczi
1
E. Čonková
1
Z. Malinovská
1
  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia

Photocatalytic, Sonolytic and Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of 4-Chloro-2-Nitro Phenol

Anoop Verma Harmanpreet Kaur Divya Dixit
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2013 | vol. 39 | No 2 | DOI: 10.2478/aep-2013-0015
Keywords Sonophotocatalysis 4-Chloro-2-nitro phenol Photocatalysis TiO2 Sonolysis Synergy
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Abstract

The photocatalytic, sonolytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2NP) using heterogeneous (TiO2) was investigated in this study. Experiments were performed in slurry mode with artificial UV 125 watt medium pressure mercury lamp coupled with ultrasound (100 W, 33+3 KHz) for sonication of the slurry. The degradation of compound was studied in terms of first order kinetics. The catalyst concentration was optimized at 1.5 gL-1, pH at 7 and oxidant concentration at 1.5 gL-1. The results obtained were quite appreciable as 80% degradation was obtained for photocatalytic treatment in 120 minutes whereas, ultrasound imparting synergistic effect as degradation achieved 96% increase in 90 minutes during sonophotocatalysis. The degradation follows the trend sonophotocatalysis > photocatalysis > sonocatalytic > sonolysis. The results of sonophotocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compound showed that it could be used as efficient and environmentally friendly technique for the complete degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants which will increase the chances for the reuse of wastewater.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anoop Verma
Harmanpreet Kaur
Divya Dixit

Carbonation of concrete cover of reinforcement as a cause of loss of durability of structures

Kaja Kłos Grzegorz Adamczewski Piotr Woyciechowski Paweł Łukowski
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 1 | 119-129 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.144163
Keywords carbonation of concrete corrosion of concrete cover of reinforcement durability of structures frost resistance of concrete synergy of frost and carbonation resistance
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Abstract

The article discusses the physical and chemical mechanisms of the carbonation phenomenon itself, as well as points out the synergistic effect of frost destruction and concrete carbonation on reinforced concrete elements. Examples of structural damage from engineering practice in the diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures are presented. Two cases of frost and carbonation damage of precast reinforced concrete elements are analyzed. It was noted that the most common cause of damage to concrete structures is the lack of frost resistance. Carbonation of concrete leads to deprivation of the protective properties of the concrete lagging against the reinforcing steel. The examples cited include precast elements that, for technical reasons, had a relatively small lagging thickness. The first one relates to the thin walled elevation elements, which are exploited during 60 years and the second relates to the energetic poles with very advanced concrete corrosion damage. The examples given of corrosion of concrete and reinforcement of elements indicate that synergistic environmental interactions can intensify the destruction of elements.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kaja Kłos
1
ORCID: ORCID
Grzegorz Adamczewski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Woyciechowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Łukowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. TPA Sp. z o.o., ul. Parzniewska 8 05-800 Pruszków, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland

Contemporary tendencies in creating public spaces in Budapest

Izabela Sykta Michał Grzybowski
Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie | 2021 | vol. XLIX | 359-382 | DOI: 10.24425/tkuia.2021.138722
Keywords landscape architecture Budapest cultural landscape biophilic design public space strategy of place-making urban synergy
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Abstract

This paper presents contemporary tendencies in the shaping of public spaces and urban green areas in Budapest. It is a review of built designs of plazas, boulevards and city squares that have been completed in the span of the last few years and which implement contemporary trends in landscape architecture and city design. All of the presented sites are located in the historical city centre, entering into direct and often controversial relations with the historical built environment and monuments. The presented structures are distinguished by modern forms and aesthetics as well as a high quality of design solutions. They have been shaped with the use of modern, ahistoric materials and technologies, with creative plant and water arrangements. They create attractive recreation and contemplation spaces surrounded by greenery, conducive to social integration, and at the same time exposing monuments and bringing them closer to contemporary recipients.
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Authors and Affiliations

Izabela Sykta
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Grzybowski
  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Chair of Landscape Architecture

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