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Comparison of information on sleep apnoea contained in two symmetric EEG recordings

Monika A. Prucnal Adam G. Polak
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2019 | vol. 26 | No 2 | 229-239 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2019.128351
Keywords sleep apnoea detection EEG signal discrete wavelet transforms Hilbert transforms analysis of variance multivariate regression analysis
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Abstract

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of biomedical signals measured during all-night polysomnography to diagnose sleep disorders, including sleep apnoea. Usually two central EEG channels (C3-A2 and C4- A1) are recorded, but typically only one of them are used. The purpose of this work was to compare discriminative features characterizing normal breathing, as well as obstructive and central sleep apnoeas derived from these central EEG channels. The same methodology of feature extraction and selection was applied separately for the both synchronous signals. The features were extracted by combined discrete wavelet and Hilbert transforms. Afterwards, the statistical indexes were calculated and the features were selected using the analysis of variance and multivariate regression. According to the obtained results, there is a partial difference in information contained in the EEG signals carried by C3-A2 and C4-A1 EEG channels, so data from the both channels should be preferably used together for automatic sleep apnoea detection and differentiation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Monika A. Prucnal
Adam G. Polak

Modelling of Cr3C2-25% NiCr Laser Alloyed Cast Iron in High Temperature Sliding Wear Condition Using Response Surface Methodology

N. Jeyaprakash M. Duraiselvam R. Raju
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 3 | 1303-1315 | DOI: 10.24425/123805
Keywords Laser Surface Alloying (LSA) wear microhardness Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Response surface methodology (RSM)
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Abstract

The wear behaviour of Cr3C2-25% NiCr laser alloyed nodular cast iron sample were analyzed using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The influence of sliding velocity, temperature and load on laser alloyed sample was focused and the microscopic images were used for metallurgical examination of the worn-out sites. Box-Behnken method was utilised to generate the mathematical model for the condition parameters. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based models are varied to analyse the process parameters interaction effects. Analysis of variance was used to analyse the developed model and the results showed that the laser alloyed sample leads to a minimum wear rate (0.6079×10–3 to 1.8570×10–3 mm3/m) and coefficient of friction (CoF) (0.43 to 0.53). From the test results, it was observed that the experimental results correlated well with the predicted results of the developed mathematical model.

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Authors and Affiliations

N. Jeyaprakash
M. Duraiselvam
R. Raju

Parametric Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Affecting Sound Transmission Loss of Multi-Layered Building Elements Using Taguchi Method

Naveen Garg Anil Kumar Sagar Maji
Archives of Acoustics | 2014 | vol. 39 | No 2 | 165-176 | DOI: 10.2478/aoa-2014-0020
Keywords Spectrum adaptation terms (C, Ctr) weighted sound reduction index (Rw) L8 Orthogonal array (OA) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) mass-air-mass resonance (m.a.m)
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Abstract

The paper presents application of Taguchi method in optimizing the sound transmission loss through sandwich gypsum constructions and those comprising of masonry concrete blocks and gypsum boards in order to investigate the relative influence of the various parameters affecting the sound transmission loss. The application of Taguchi method for optimizing sound transmission loss has been rarely reported. The present work uses the results analytically predicted on “Insul” software for various sandwich material configurations as desired by each experimental run in an L8 orthogonal array. The relative importance of the parameters on single-number rating, Rw (C, Ctr) is evaluated in terms of percentage contribution using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA method reveals that type of studs, steel stud frame and number of gypsum layers attached are the key factors controlling the sound transmission loss characteristics of sandwich multi-layered constructions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Naveen Garg
Anil Kumar
Sagar Maji

Reproduction of Phantom Sources Improves with Separation of Direct and Reflected Sounds

Piotr Kleczkowski Aleksandra Król Paweł Małecki
Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 4 | 575-584 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0057
Keywords spatial audio multichannel sound reproduction phantom sources auralization ambisonics abbreviations IR impulse response SIR spatial impulse response RT reverberation time ANOVA analysis of variance DS - direct sound RSs - reflected sounds
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Abstract

In virtual acoustics or artificial reverberation, impulse responses can be split so that direct and reflected components of the sound field are reproduced via separate loudspeakers. The authors had investigated the perceptual effect of angular separation of those components in commonly used 5.0 and 7.0 multichannel systems, with one and three sound sources respectively (Kleczkowski et al., 2015, J. Audio Eng. Soc. 63, 428-443). In that work, each of the front channels of the 7.0 system was fed with only one sound source. In this work a similar experiment is reported, but with phantom sound sources between the front loud- speakers. The perceptual advantage of separation was found to be more consistent than in the condition of discrete sound sources. The results were analysed both for pooled listeners and in three groups, according to experience. The advantage of separation was the highest in the group of experienced listeners.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Kleczkowski
Aleksandra Król
Paweł Małecki

Design of a Taguchi-GRA optimized PID and adaptive PID controllers for speed control of DC motor

Mary Ann George Dattaguru V. Kamat
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2021 | vol. 70 | No 4 | 759-775 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2021.138259
Keywords analysis of variance Lyapunov rule MIT rule model reference adaptive control Taguchi-grey relational analysis
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Abstract

DC motors have wide acceptance in industries due to their high efficiency, low costs, and flexibility. The paper presents the unique design concept of a multi-objective optimized proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) based controllers for effective speed control of the DC motor system. The study aims to optimize PID parameters for speed control of a DC motor, emphasizing minimizing both settling time (Ts ) and % overshoot (% OS) of the closed-loop response. The PID controller is designed using the Ziegler Nichols (ZN) method primarily subjected to Taguchi-grey relational analysis to handle multiple quality characteristics. Here, the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is defined to find the process parameters that affect Ts and %OS. The analysis of variance shows that the most significant factor affecting Ts and %OS is the derivative gain term. The result also demonstrates that the proposed Taguchi-GRA optimized controller reduces Ts and %OS drastically compared to the ZN-tuned PID controller. This study also uses MRAC schemes using the MIT rule, Lyapunov rule, and a modified MIT rule. The DC motor speed tracking performance is analyzed by varying the adaptation gain and reference signal amplitude. The results also revealed that the proposed MRAC schemes provide desired closed-loop performance in real-time in the presence of disturbance and varying plant parameters. The study provides additional insights into using a modified MIT rule and the Lyapunov rule in protecting the response from signal amplitude dependence and the assurance of a stable adaptive controller, respectively.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Mary Ann George
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dattaguru V. Kamat
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India

Nontrivial Variations of Morpho-Anatomical Leaf Traits in Natural South-Eastern Populations of Vaccinium species from Central Balkans

Ivana Bjedov Dragica Obratov-Petković Vera Rakonjac Dragana Skočajić Srđan Bojović Milena Marković Zora Dajić-Stevanović
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica | 2021 | Vol. 63 | No 2 | 7-16 | DOI: 10.24425/abcsb.2021.136700
Keywords analysis of variance climate factors cluster analysis elevational gradient intraspecific and interspecific variability principal component analysis Serbia
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Abstract

Morpho-anatomical characteristics of Vaccinium myrtillus, V. uliginosum and V. vitis-idaea leaves from several sites of the Central Balkans were examined. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time morpho-anatomical leaf traits of these species in the studied populations and to identify traits that follow a specific trend along the gradients of climate factors. Leaf traits that discriminate Vaccinium species were as follows: depth of the adaxial cuticule (AdC), thickness of the palisade tissue (PT), thickness of the spongy tissue (ST), height of the abaxial epidermal cells (AbE), height of the abaxial cuticule (AbC) and leaf thickness (LT). Populations of V. myrtillus were characterized by the smallest, and populations of V. vitis-idaea by the highest values for AdC, PT, ST, AbE and LT. Additionally, AbC was significantly larger for V. uliginosum in comparison to two other species. On the basis of morpho-anatomical traits, intraspecific variability of the studied species was explored by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). CA based on 10 morpho-anatomical traits showed that populations of V. myrtillus and V. uliginosum that grew at lower altitudes (characterized by higher mean annual temperature) are more similar to each other. Especially V. myrtillus was responsive to the elevational gradient and exhibited the highest plasticity in morpho-anatomical leaf traits. Populations of V. vitis-idaea had a different pattern of differentiation along the elevational gradient. CA showed that the populations at the lowest and at the highest altitudes were more similar according to the morpho-anatomical leaf traits, meaning that evergreen leaves were more resistant to environmental conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ivana Bjedov
1
Dragica Obratov-Petković
1
Vera Rakonjac
2
Dragana Skočajić
1
Srđan Bojović
3
Milena Marković
3
Zora Dajić-Stevanović
3
  1. University of Belgrade – Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
  2. University of Belgrade – Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade – Zemun, Serbia
  3. Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković“, Bulevar Despota Stefana142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

Hybrid GRA-PCA and modified weighted TOPSIS coupled with Taguchi for multi-response process parameter optimization in turning AISI 1040 steel

Mst. Nazma Sultana Nikhil Ranjan Dhar
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2021 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 23-49 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2020.131707
Keywords grey relational analysis principal component analysis Taguchi method analysis of variance cryogenic cooling
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Abstract

The objective of the present study is to optimize multiple process parameters in turning for achieving minimum chip-tool interface temperature, surface roughness and specific cutting energy by using numerical models. The proposed optimization models are offline conventional methods, namely hybrid Taguchi-GRA-PCA and Taguchi integrated modified weighted TOPSIS. For evaluating the effects of input process parameters both models use ANOVA as a supplementary tool. Moreover, simple linear regression analysis has been performed for establishing mathematical relationship between input factors and responses. A total of eighteen experiments have been conducted in dry and cryogenic cooling conditions based on Taguchi L18 orthogonal array. The optimization results achieved by hybrid Taguchi-GRA-PCA and modified weighted TOPSIS manifest that turning at a cutting speed of 144 m/min and a feed rate of 0.16 mm/rev in cryogenic cooling condition optimizes the multi-responses concurrently. The prediction accuracy of the modified weighted TOPSIS method is found better than hybrid Taguchi-GRA-PCA using regression analysis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mst. Nazma Sultana
1
Nikhil Ranjan Dhar
1
  1. Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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