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Honey bee immunity and physiology are enhanced by consuming high-fat diets

Mushtaq T. Al-Esawy
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2023 | vol. 63 | No 2 | 185-195 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.145753
Keywords fat encapsulation honey bee immunity phenoloxidase protein
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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional behavior and some immunological criteria (encapsulation index and phenoloxidase – PO activity, the key enzyme for melanization) as well as to study the effect of protein to fat (P : F) diets on hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) protein content. Bees were restricted to consuming specific P : F diets varying in fat ratio under laboratory conditions. These diets included 25 : 1, 10 : 1, 5 : 1 (low-fat diet, LFD); 1 : 1 (equal-fat diet); 1 : 5, 1 : 10 (high-fat diet, HFD), and 1 : 0 (zero-fat diet) as a control. Bees preferred low-fat diets over high-fat diets, where it was 11.27 ± 0.68 μl · day–1 bee in 10 : 1 P : F, while it was 4.99 ± 0.67 μl · day–1 bee in 1 : 10 P : F. However, sucrose consumption was higher in high-fat diets where it was 25.83 ± 1.69 μl · day –1 bee in 10 : 1 P: F, while it was 30.66 ± 0.9 μl · day–1 bee in 1 : 10 P : F. The encapsulation index and phenoloxidase activity of bees were positively linked with the fat level they consumed during all 10 days. The maximum percentage of encapsulation index was 74.6 ± 7.2% in bees fed a high-fat diet, whereas the minimum percentage was 16.5 ± 3.6% in bees which consumed a lowfat diet. Similarly, phenoloxidase activity increased in the haemolymph with increasing fat consumed by bees (0.001 ± 0.0001 and 0.005 ± 0.0003 mM · min –1 · mg –1 at 25 : 1 and 1 : 10 P : F, respectively). The protein content of hypopharyngeal glands in bees which consumed HFD was double that of LFD. Overall results suggest a connection between a fat diet and bee health, indicating that colony losses in some cases can be reduced by providing a certain level of fat supplemental feeding along with sucrose and protein nutrition.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mushtaq T. Al-Esawy
1
  1. Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq

Obesity related adipokines release in rat adipose derived stem cell cultures influenced by pulsed electromagnetic field

Agnieszka Baranowska Beata Skowron Krzysztof Gil Jolanta Kaszuba-Zwoińska
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2018 | vol. 58 | No 2 | 131-145 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2018.124664
Keywords high/low fat diet adipose tissue derived stem cells adipokines glicemia PEMF
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Abstract

O b j e c t i v e: The main goal of our studies was to investigate the eff ect exerted by pulsed electromagnetic filed (PEMF) on adipocytokines secretion in cell culture supernatants from rat adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) grown on varied energy-rich diet. Off spring and adult animals were randomly selected for two types of experimental diets: low (LF) or high fat (HF) diet for 7 weeks. After the diet period, serum glucose level was measured, ADSCs were isolated from adipose tissues from different locations. ADSCs from all experimental groups were exposed to PEMF, supernatants collected and adipokines level was determined.

R e s u l t s: HF diet feed in pups/adult animals elevated blood glucose level and increased the level of adiponectin (Apn) and leptin of both genders and age measured in serum. ADSCs cell cultures originated from female pups on LF diet and exposed to PEMF released large amounts of Apn. PEMF effect exerted on Apn release was also observed in ADSCs isolated from male pups HF diet. ADSCs from female pups on LF diet exposed to PEMF released smaller amounts of leptin in comparison to cell cultures without PEMF treatment. PEMF exposure of ADSCs cell cultures originated from female adults on LF diet decreased release of Apn, contrary adult male on LF diet ADSCs under PEMF treatment produced more leptin. PEMF treated male HF diet-originated ADSCs cultures released significantly more leptin than controls.

C o n c l u s i o n: Our results suggest that PEMF exposure is responsible for metabolic physiological balance effects obtained in ADSCs cultures originating from adult animals on HF diet.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Baranowska
Beata Skowron
Krzysztof Gil
Jolanta Kaszuba-Zwoińska

Is Body Surveillance Trivial? A Model of Body Dissatisfaction in Women based on the Sociocultural Model, Self-Determination Theory and Objectification Theory

Eva Paulisova Olga Orosova
Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2023 | vol. 54 | No 1 | 65-78 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.144885
Keywords body dissatisfaction body surveillance self-objectification self-determination fat talk
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Abstract

The presented study is based on three theoretical approaches: the sociocultural model of eating disorders, self- determination theory and objectification theory. The study has two aims. Firstly, to test a model of body dissatisfaction in women based on these theories and secondly, to experimentally examine the effect of low-intensity fat talk on body dissatisfaction and its related variables. The results showed that body surveillance and self-determination were directly associated with body dissatisfaction. There was an indirect effect of thin-ideal internalization on body dissatisfaction as well as an indirect effect of self-determination on body dissatisfaction, both through body surveillance. The experimental effect of this subtle form of fat talk was not confirmed. However, the content analysis of the participants’ short texts revealed that even this form of fat talk was associated with marked body dissatisfaction and negative emotions for some participants. In summary, body surveillance was a central variable in the model of body dissatisfaction in young women. This habit of constant monitoring of body appearance is not trivial and should be addressed in interventions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eva Paulisova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Orosova
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic

Reduced deformed wing virus of Apis mellifera L. nurses by high fat diets under laboratory conditions

Baida Mohsen Alshukri Mushtaq Talib Al-Esawy
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2021 | vol. 61 | No 1 | 57-62 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2021.136269
Keywords deformed wing virus fat diets honey bee nutrition protein
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Abstract

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is one of the most widespread viral infections of European honey bee Apis mellifera L. worldwide. So far, this is the first study which tested the effect of different ratios of synthetic protein to fat (P : F) diets on the health of broodless nurseaged honey bees in the laboratory. The aim of the current study was to determine the load of DWV in the whole body of A. mellifera that were fed different ratios of P : F diets (25 : 1, 10 : 1, 5 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 5, 1 : 10, 1 : 12.5 and 1 : 0 as a control). The methods involved feeding bees the tested diets for 10 days and then measuring the virus titre using qPCR technique. The results showed that DWV concentration decreased as the fat content of diets consumed increased. The copy number of viral genomes declined from 7.5 × 105 in the zero-fat diet (1 : 0) to 1.6 × 102 virus genomes in 1 : 12.5 (P : F). We can conclude that there is a positive relationship between fat diets and bee immunity and overall results suggest a connection between fat diet and bee health, indicating that colony losses can be reduced by providing a certain protein and fat supplemental feeding.
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Authors and Affiliations

Baida Mohsen Alshukri
1
Mushtaq Talib Al-Esawy
1 2
  1. Plant Protection Department, University of Kufa, Najaf Governorate, Iraq
  2. Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Practical aspects of the use of milking robots

Andrzej Borusiewicz Wacław Romaniuk Stanisław Winnicki Zbigniew Skibko Janusz Zarajczyk
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 57 | 116-129 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.145342
Keywords dairy cow milk milk fat content milk protein content milk yield milking robot
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Abstract

The article presents results of monitoring carried out in barns with milking robots. The use of milking robots makes it possible, with proper stocking, to milk cows without human intervention. The analysis included all barns with Lely robots located in the Podlaskie Voivodeship in 2018–2021. In 2018–2019, there were seven such barns, and in 2020–2021 nine. In all barns, high milk yields were obtained of more than 1000 kg compared to the average milk yield obtained from stock of cows under monitoring in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. In 2021, four barns milked more than 9.5 thous. kg, three barns more than 10 thous. kg and two barns almost 12 thous. kg of milk. Fat and protein contents were typical for the breed. Three barns were monitored more closely in 2021, with varying numbers of robot milking stations in barns, i.e. A one, B two and C three milking stations. In 2021, over 700,000 kg was milked per stall in stall A, over 750,000 kg in B and over 850,000 kg of milk in C. The average milk per cow per milking was high, with over 11 kg in barn A, 12 kg in B and 13 kg in C.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Borusiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wacław Romaniuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Stanisław Winnicki
2
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Skibko
3
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Zarajczyk
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. International University of Applied Sciences in Lomza, 19 Studencka St, 18-402 Łomża, Poland
  2. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Insitute, Falenty, Poland
  3. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Poland
  4. University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Production Engineering, Poland

Female mouse model of diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin and high-carbohydrate high-fat diet

R. Guo J. Dong D.Q. Wang Y.F. Gu
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 4 | 547-555 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142042
Keywords diabetes mellitus female mouse pathological analysis streptozotocin high-carbohydrate high-fat diet
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Abstract

With the improvement of people’s living standards and rapid economic development, the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in most parts of the world. DM presents an important potential threat to human health. In the present study, a model of diabetes in female mice was established, and fasting blood glucose was detected at week 4, after which the biochemical profiles were evaluated by histopathological analysis. The success rate of modeling in the normal control (NC) group and the low/ middle/high-dose streptozotocin (STZ) group were 0, 0, 25% and 60%, respectively. In the middle-dose and high-dose STZ groups, the liver index was increased significantly compared with the NC group (p<0.05). The blood biochemical indicators of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in three STZ injection groups were as follows: alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase in middle- and high-dose STZ groups, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and serum creatinine in the high-dose STZ group, and blood urea nitrogen in the middle-dose STZ group were significantly increased (p<0.05). The level of total triglycerides was lower, obviously, in the high-dose STZ group than in the NC group (p<0.05). The mice showed marked steatosis, green-dyed fiber tissue coloring in varying degrees, and the contour of the hepatic lobules basically disappeared in STZ injection groups. The results suggest that to establish a diabetes model for female ICR mice, the optimum dose of STZ is 100 mg/kg.
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Authors and Affiliations

R. Guo
1 2
J. Dong
3
D.Q. Wang
3
Y.F. Gu
1 2
  1. State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
  2. Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, No. 3716 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, Solutia City Light West Building, 21F, Shandong Laboratory of Microecological Biomedicine, Jinan 250117, China
  3. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Effect of using a flax seed enriched concentrate on the fatty acid composition of omental fat in Pramenka lambs reared indoors

E. Mujić J. Mateo H. Omanović D. Nedić H. Vilić M. Červek
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 1 | 129-135 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.140849
Keywords flax seed fat depot lamb nutrition n-3 fatty acid lamb quality
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Abstract

This study was intended to determine the effect of adding flax seeds to a concentrate for lamb fattening on the fatty acid composition of the omental fat depot in Pramenka lambs reared indoors. A total of 63 lambs (10±3 kg of live body weight, 30±7 days of age, 30 males and 33 females) were used. They were divided into two groups: a control (CON) fed on hay, ewe’s milk, and a 300-g daily ration of a commercial concentrate, and an experimental group (FS) fed on hay, ewe’s milk and 300 g/day of the concentrate enriched with 5% of flax seeds. After a 60-day fattening period for each group, 10 lambs (5 males and 5 females) were selected and omental fat samples were analysed for fatty acid composition. Highly significant differences (p<0.001) were found between CON and FS in α-linolenic acid, the sum of n-3 fatty acids, and the ratio n-6/n-3 fatty acids. The effect of sex on the fatty acid content in the fat depot was only significant for C20:0 fatty acid (p<0.05).
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Authors and Affiliations

E. Mujić
1
J. Mateo
2
H. Omanović
3
D. Nedić
4
H. Vilić
1
M. Červek
5
  1. University of Bihac, Biotechnical Faculty, Luke Marjanovića bb, 77000, Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  2. Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n 24071 León, Spain
  3. University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  4. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
  5. Emona Razvojni Center za Prehrano (RCP) Kavčičeva ulica 72, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Ultrasonographic image of fatty infiltration of the liver correlates with selected biochemical parameters and back fat thickness of periparturient Holstein-Friesian cows

D. Grzybowska P. Sobiech D. Tobolski
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2023 | vol. 26 | No 4 | 723-732 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.148292
Keywords blood biochemistry dairy cattle fatty liver disease ketosis liver ultrasound subcutaneous fat transition period
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Abstract

During the transition period, the cow’s body activates adaptive mechanisms aimed at adjusting to the changing demand for energy and nutrients, which are necessary for the growing fetus and the subsequent start of milk production. This time is also associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases and reproductive disorders.
Our study aimed to identify prepartum and postpartum biochemical markers and weight loss patterns that could differentiate cows that would exhibit ultrasonographic signs of liver fatty infiltration during the latter half of the transition period.
The study was performed in a single herd of Holstein-Friesian cows and the animals were divided into two groups: CON (n=13) – cows without ultrasonographic signs of fatty liver, and FL (n=16) – cows with ultrasonographic signs of fatty liver. Backfat thickness and specific biochemical parameters were measured weekly from one week before parturition to 9 weeks postpartum.
Our study highlights the importance of using a combination of monitoring methods to assess the metabolic status of transition dairy cattle. The results showed that ultrasound measurements of backfat thickness, blood NEFA levels, glucose concentration, and AST activity were all different (p<0.05) between the control and FL groups, indicating the usefulness of these parameters in monitoring the health status of transition cows. Additionally, the results suggest that high prepartum glucose levels (4.99 mmol/l) could serve as a potential marker for future FL, while the elevated NEFA levels (0.51 mmol/l) and decreased AST activity (80.56 u/l) in FL animals indicate their potential as indicators of lipid mobilization and liver structural damage, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

D. Grzybowska
1
P. Sobiech
1
D. Tobolski
1
  1. Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland

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