In the 18th century Łazienki, Mokotów and Królikarnia were located outside of Warsaw. Due to the capital’s expansion, they lost part of their territory and the elements responsible for harmonious integration with the surroundings. An iconographic and cartographic documentations’ comparison with the current state shows, which parts and functions of the composition have been changed. These residences do not create the linked Warsaw Escarpment landcape gardens run, but still build the city identity.
Parks and gardens of psychiatric hospitals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries are a particular example of garden design art and testify to the role of designed landscape in therapy. Along with the evolution of psychiatry within the last 100 years, institutions for neurotic and mental patients have evolved too. Besides being adapted for contemporary purposes, hospital gardens have also become sites of commemoration of the victims of Nazi euthanasia of psychiatric patients, perpetrated during the Second World War. This article describes selected Aktion T4 memorials in their park and garden landscape context.
A meadow, a flowery meadow, a clearing, a lawn – smoothly trimmed, flat and recessed, a grassy pathway – these are elements of gardens that have been known for centuries, used in different styles and different types of gardens, including in public spaces. Pratum commune, commons or grassy mounds are the landmarks of the landscape of many a city, both currently and throughout history. Decorative grasses, such as pampas, Miscanthus or Pennisestum started to be used in garden compositions in XIX-century England. Initially more so due to their peculiarity than beauty. However, it was naturalism that gave rise to the wider use of grasses in gardens and parks in various places of the world and gained many propagators, including W. Robinson, J. Jensen K. Foerster and P. Oudolf.Grasses are currently often designed by landscape architects in urbanised spaces. They are employed both in geometric and freeform compositions. Their texture and delicate colour create a background for more expressive plants. They often constitute the key element of naturalist layouts, and the use of domestic species aids in preserving biodiversity and recreating the domestic landscape. Many of these current projects have been discussed in magazines and subject literature and have received awards in competitions. This review article is devoted to this subject.
The authoress wishes to discuss the idea of engaging senior citizens into the maintenance and care of historical park and garden complexes. The article illustrates the possible mutual benefits of the cooperation between the caretakers of these complexes and organized groups of senior citizens, who whose participation would be based on a form of voluntary help, through a foundation, or based on monetary compensation. Such a cooperation could lead to an improvement of the condition of historical gardens, in addition to providing beneficial effects to the physical and mental he alth of older people.
The history of Opole Zoological Garden reaches the beginning of the 20th century, when in the Bolko Island, shaped by the Odra river and its canals, the menagerie was founded. Present-day ZOO in Opole is a complex of modern paddocks and structures of an area of around 19 ha, integrated into the old growth of the Bolko Island. In the paper the history and stages of development of Zoological Garden in Opole are presented, the aesthetic and functional values indicated; these ones which make the garden attractive and individual.
The authenticity of the historical garden, as defined by the Florence Charter, is conducive to its broad interpretation. In the era of the present crisis of conservation values, the identification of criteria helpful in an objective assessment of the authenticity of both historical and historising forms of greenery is required.
On the example of the restoration’s solutions in the gardens at Wilanów and the condition of selected elements of the urban greenery in Warsaw, it is possible to verify the model of valorization of factors determining the vegetation’s authenticity proposed by the author of the article. This model also allows to emphasize the features determining the role of royal gardens in Wilanów in maintaining the historical horticultural values of modern Warsaw.
In the 17th century were functioned in England two types of public spaces: piazza type of squares, devoid of plants’ composition and green city squares of a garden nature, designed for the residents of the nearby houses. Both of these presented the high-class type of public space, which with the time became popular in many cities in Europe. The aim of the paper is to define the importance of these arrangements in urban landscape, including the identification of functions which they perform today in urban tissue of cities.
Zoo is a didactic assembly induced in the system of urban greenery. It has an educational, entertainment, and scientific values. This kind of gardens, directly derived from tradition of baroque menagerie, were created from the mid-18th century. Their greatest development occured since the 2nd half of 19th century and the 20th century. The article is regarding issues of the miniature zoo in Upper Silesia created before World War II. They will be presented their resource, state of preservation and the characteristics of selected examples.
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