Określenie architektura uzdrowiskowa odnosi się do obiektów i terenów zielonych ściśle związanych z realizacją zadań dotyczących lecznictwa uzdrowiskowego [Biesiekierski 1999]. Forma tych obiektów wynika ścisłe z funkcji, jaką pełnia w całym tym procesie. Na obszarze Sudetów i Przedgórza Sudeckiego, południowej części województwa Dolnośląskiego występują bogate złoża wód mineralnych. Te źródła oraz warunki mikroklimatyczne były podstawą powstania i rozwoju licznych uzdrowisk na tym terenie. Charakterystyczne obiekty dolnośląskiej architektury uzdrowiskowej takie jak hale spacerowe i pijalnie wód mineralnych, mimo iż trudno jest dostrzec w nich jednolitości stylowej mają zasadnicze znaczenie w zachowaniu tożsamości i obrazu kulturowego tych uzdrowisk. Wszelkie działania podjęte w przyszłości, obejmujące obiekty architektury uzdrowiskowej powinny mieć na uwadze zachowanie ciągłości formalnej i funkcjonalnej w odniesieniu do obszaru uzdrowiska i struktury miasta.

Bardzo często niepełnosprawność kojarzona jest z dysfunkcjami motorycznymi, podczas gdy dysfunkcje wzroku, słuchu czy psychologiczne nie są zakorzenione w świadomości ogółu społeczeństwa. Jednak podobnie jak zaburzenia ruchowe, zaburzenia wzroku są naturalnym etapem procesu starzenia się. Brak dostosowania przestrzeni i obiektów użyteczności publicznej dla osób niewidzących lub słabowidzących stanowi więc często barierę dla osób z wadami wzroku oraz osób starszych. W artykule przedstawiono sposoby mające na celu udogodnienie osobom niepełnosprawnym korzystania z obiektów i przestrzeni publicznych. Artykuł podzielony został na dwie części. Pierwsza obejmuje działania architektoniczno-budowlane – wskazując podstawowe zasady w kształtowaniu architektury oraz wskazując na niektóre błędy pojawiające się w obiektach budowlanych, które mogą zagrażać życiu, bezpieczeństwu lub komfortowi psychicznemu osób z dysfunkcjami wzroku. Rozwiązania architektoniczne mogą stanowić ułatwienie orientacji w przestrzeni czy odbioru bodźców środowiska architektonicznego, ale nie zawsze system informacji szczegółowej. Druga część artykułu poświęcona jest technikom tyflograficznym mogącym znaleźć zastosowanie w przestrzeniach publicznych jako formy małej architektury lub detalu – uzupełnienia architektury. Rozwiązania te wskazują na dokładniejsze informacje, takie jak system komunikacji w obiekcie, czy informacji użytkowych. Obie części artykułu wskazują na rozwiązania architektoniczne oraz ogólnie rozumianego designu mające na celu umożliwienie sprawnego i bezpiecznego funkcjonowania w obiekcie. Wskazują również na fakt, że projektowanie z uwzględnieniem osób z dysfunkcjami wzroku powinno zaczynać się już na etapie koncepcji funkcjonalno-przestrzennej, a obejmować także detal oraz rozwiązania w fazie wykonawczej oraz fazę życia obiektu przez właściwe zarządzenie przestrzenią.

Polish microtoponyms, as they were used in the middle 20th century, are known today mainly thanks to a field names-gathering action probably initiated in 1954 and finished as late as in 1970, carried out by Polish linguists from Krakow, Warsaw, Łódź, Wrocław, Toruń, Lublin and Poznań. The present paper tries to reconstruct its process and the fate of the collected materials, which served as the basis for the incomplete series “Official names of localities and physiographical objects” published in 142 county fascicles between 1963 and 1975. While part of them have been saved and are being published on a digital platform, a lot of information has been irretrievably lost due to the carelessness of its depositaries.

The article presents the ideas of flexible design in the construction sector. Flexibility in the construction sector was discussed and defined between typical and flexible approaches to design. The idea applied during the economic effectiveness analysis of construction projects was introduced. The issue of flexibility was discussed based on the example of construction of a sports facility - The National Stadium in Warsaw. An effectiveness analysis was applied for variant solutions.

This article concerns church monuments, which are part of the cultural heritage of Dukla. This is a town with medieval origins, located within the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in the Krosno district. In the past it was an important centre of commerce on the Hungarian Route. Merchant traditions in Dukla are mainly associated with trade and storage of wine, which was kept in the cellars under the main market square in Dukla. Because of the rank, which the town used to have in the past, it can boast numerous monuments including objects associated with the administrative, commercial and economic functions of the town, as well as — or perhaps primarily — sacred objects. Among the latter, one has to mention firstly the parish church of St Mary Magdalene, the church and monastery complex of the Bernardine Order, and the synagogue of the Jewish community, that once used to live in Dukla. Those objects, their cultural value and issues related to their protection constitute the subject of this study.

The article presents a brief exposition of alternative ways of creating virtual objects and the status of their existence inspired by the relevant views of Plato, Aristotle, Franz Brentano and Karl Popper as well as various conceptions of representation. I argue that the present state of research on the problem of “computer” virtuality shows that it is necessary to explore first the ontological issues of virtual objects. Only these issues will solve the mystery of the creation and existence of virtual objects. The consideration of these issues are suppressed by the fact that contemporary philosophy has removed both metaphysics and, with-it, ontology. That is why, and for reasons for reasons of substantive accuracy, I show how traditional ontological and ontologically inspiring approaches are—when modified— promising candidates for exploring the nature of virtual objects, first of all, problems of their existence and creation.

In the second part of the article, the history of standardization programmes concerning the names of physiographic objects is discussed. The basis of the standardization programme currently followed by the Commission on Names of Localities and Physiographic Objects is described. The paper also presents the criteria of linguistic correctness adopted by the previous standardization commissions as well as by the present one. Issues of linguistic correctness of geographical names with dialectal properties and of names borrowed from minority languages are discussed. Attention is paid to some structural discrepancies in the approaches to the issue of correctness taken by the Commission on Names of Localities and Physiographic Objects and by local authorities.

In this paper, the issue of the correlation between the status of the onymic object, its social range and the general rules used when naming is considered. The author proposes to distinguish two basic levels of where the proper names function: a local one and a global one. Then, two particular patterns of naming are connected with these levels: an innovative pattern and a conservative pattern. The conservative names mostly refer to objects that are of social importance and have a general, wide range of functioning. On the other hand, innovative names generally refer to unstable objects that have a rather low social position, and a restricted, narrow range of functioning. Examples of both levels are analyzed, particularly the anthroponyms, toponyms and chrematonyms. The paper contains the argument, that more known conservative names have provided the characteristics of the prototypical proper name in general, and these characteristics are usually expanded to all proper names in their theoretical approaches.

Production rates for various activities and overall construction project duration are significantly influenced by crew formation. Crews are composed of available renewable resources. Construction companies tend to reduce the number of permanent employees, which reduces fixed costs, but at the same time limits production capacity. Therefore, construction project planning must be carried out by means of scheduling methods which allow for resource constrains. Authors create a mathematical model for optimized scheduling of linear construction projects with consideration of resources and work continuity constraints. Proposed approach enables user to select optimal crew formation under limited resource supply. This minimizes project duration and improves renewable resource utilization in construction linear projects. This paper presents mixed integer linear programming to model this problem and uses a case study to illustrate it.

Część drugą badań nad klasyfikacją terenów zieleni w mieście poświęcono zdefiniowaniu cech i zadań wyodrębnionych obiektów architektury krajobrazu. Cechy charakteryzujące poszczególne obiekty zdefiniowano w podziale na zagadnienia z zakresu: dostępności terenu, jego funkcji użytkowej oraz sposobu jego urządzenia. Realizowane przez nie zadania określono na podstawie współczesnej teorii z tego zakresu. W podsumowaniu przedstawiono sumaryczne wyniki prowadzonych badań.

Control of the technological processes of coal enrichment takes place in the presence of wide disturbances. Thus, one of the basic tasks of the coal enrichment process control systems is the stabilization of coal quality parameters at a preset level. An important problem is the choice of the controller which is robust for a variety of disturbances. The tuning of the controller parameters is no less important in the control process . Many methods of tuning the controller use the dynamic characteristics of the controlled process (dynamic model of the controlled object). Based on many studies it was found that the dynamics of many processes of coal enrichment can be represented by a dynamic model with properties of the inertial element with a time delay. The identification of object parameters (including the time constant) in industrial conditions is usually performed during normal operation (with the influence of disturbances) from this reason, determined parameters of the dynamic model may differ from the parameters of the actual process. The control system with controller parameters tuned on the basis of such a model may not satisfy the assumed control quality requirements.

In the paper, the analysis of the influence of changes in object model parameters in the course of the controlled value has been carried out. Research on the controller settings calculated according to parameters T and τ were carried out on objects with other parameter values. In the studies, a sensitivity analysis method was used. The sensitivity analysis for the three methods of tuning the PI controller for the coal enrichment processes control systems characterized by dynamic properties of the inertial element with time delay has been presented. Considerations are performed at various parameters of the object on the basis of the response of the control system for a constant value of set point. The assessment of considered tuning methods based on selected indices of control quality have been implemented.

The protection of Polish architectural heritage in the former eastern borderlands, accomplished through the conservation and technical securing of historical structures, constitutes one of the main programmes that are implemented by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Currently, many Polish historical buildings in the former eastern borderlands are in a very bad technical condition. The load-bearing systems of these elements, as well as elements of their finish, require immediate emergency securing work. The basic steps that precede conservation work are emergency structural works, which guarantee the durability and stability of the entire historical substance. The specifics and complexity of the problem of the failure of historical buildings often demands an in-depth analysis of a series of factors that are difficult to measure and which are responsible for the cause and effect relationship during the early stage of the technical evaluation of a structure. The analyses of failures of numerous historical structures, for instance that were carried out by the authors, have become the inspiration for the search for effective methods of analysis that would allow for an in-depth analysis of the causes and effects of the failures in question. The DEMATEL method (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) that has been presented in this work, and its fuzzy extension, has lately become one of the more popular methods used in the cause-and-effect analysis of various phenomena. The authors demonstrated how this method works on the example of the evaluation and securing of the load-bearing system of the XVII Collegiate church of the Holy Trinity in the town of Olykha in the Volhynskiy Oblast, Ukraine.

Boulevards of Vistula, which are valuable assets in the urban planning of Kraków, constitute a key cultural development of the city. The author addresses the subject of functional activation of the Vistula river valley in Kraków, in the context of citygenic processes of the district of Zabłocie. Raising the issue of synthesis of contemporary museum and architecture, presents the Master Thesis Museum of photography at Zabłocie Street in Kraków.

The article considers Roman Ingarden’s fundamental questions in the context of the position called philosophical fundamentalism. It turns out that the defining feature of this position, i.e. the search for answers to the question about the conditions of validity of statements in the sphere of traditional branches of philosophy: ontology, epistemology, ethics and aesthetics, finds its counterpart in Ingarden’s ontological and epistemological assumptions in phenomenology. They guarantee the legitimacy of any other claims. Ingarden’s philosophical fundamentalism, considered here in relation to the work- ‑scheme, weakened with time, which seems to be evidenced by the author’s doubts as to the legitimacy of the existence of the sphere of ideal objects determining this work. It seems highly possible that this is Ingarden’s bow to culture, and to cultural and historical relativization of the unchanging sphere of ideal objects.

In the early 1990s, the first questions began to arise about the legitimacy of large-scale projects, made on a grand scale for sports events, lasting only a short period. Doubts were not only raised about the organizers’ budgets and the debts often left behind, but also about the impact of these projects on the environment and society. During this time, the word ‘legacy‘ also appeared — in academic discourse, defining the remnants of these competitions. The two most recent editions of the Summer Olympics in Europe were analysed, which did not differ in scale, but due to being played over a longer interval, differed in the awareness of the organizers and the knowledge of how to plan projects more sustainably. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that the design of Olympic venues in the context of the idea of an Olympic legacy should take into account elements of a strategy for the duration of these venues over time. It is only over a longer period of time that one can assess whether these original assumptions were correct, and the region gained valuable spaces for recreation, or whether they led to the creation of costly unfunctional sports facilities.