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Abstract

Determining the level of solid pollution in beach sands located near artificial inland water bodies in order to maintain high safety standards is a difficult and expensive task. The tests aimed at determining beach pollution caused by solid wastes through analysis of toxic and chemical concentrations, are time-consuming and usually require several days before the results are available. In addition, the maintenance of the beach area involving beach raking or grooming, and the seasonal replenishment of sand makes it difficult to realistically determine the chemical or bacterial contamination of the tested material. Solid pollutants, such as glass, caps, cans, thick foil, metal, and plastic fragments, pose a greater health risk to beachgoers. The above-mentioned pollutants, especially small ones, are hardly visible on the surface or they are buried at shallow depths. Beach garbage poses a serious threat that can lead to infections from cuts and scratches. These injuries can become infected, further jeopardizing the health and lives of beachgoers due to risks like tetanus, staphylococcus, etc. The authors presented a new petrographic method aimed at assessing the quality of sand by examining the content of solid pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the mentioned procedure can be used for a quick quantitative estimation of the content of potentially dangerous and undesirable pollutants in beach sands. Consequently, the method implemented to determent the amount of solid pollutants in beach sands has proven to be a valuable tool for recreational facility administrators, helping them in taking necessary measures to ensure the safety of beach users. Petrographic analysis of beach sands revealed the presence of pollutants of plant origin (0.4–1.8%), plastic (0.1–0.4%), paper (0.1–0.6%), charcoal (0.1–0.5%), glass (0.1–0.4%), metals (0.1–0.4%), rust (0.1–0.3%), ash and slag (0.1–0.3%), and fossil coals (0.1–0.2%).
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Kuś
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Jelonek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Iwona Jelonek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Edyta Sierka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

This paper presents a new approach to stratigraphy and palaeogeography of NW Ukraine. So far, the glacial landforms near the Rostan area have been interpreted as end moraines derived from the Saalian ice-sheet. Sedimentological and petrographic analyses conducted at the Rostan site shed new light on the dynamics and age of the ice-sheet that formed the examined glaciogenic forms. Sedimentological analysis of glacial deposits documented the sedimentary environment of a glaciofluvial fan deposited by the ice-sheet front characterised by varying dynamics, i.e. advancing, stationary and retreating. Petrographic analysis proved an older age of deposits, i.e. Elsterian, and not Saalian as interpreted so far. These results shed new light on palaeogeography and stratigraphy of this area. The occurrence of the Elsterian deposits on the surface gives evidence of the absence of younger – Saalian – glaciation in this area, which relates to the recently announced new approaches to palaeogeography and stratigraphy of neighbouring areas in eastern Poland.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Rychel
1
Anna Orłowska
2
Łukasz Zbucki
3
Łukasz Nowacki
1
Ivan Zalesskij
4

  1. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Kraśnicka 2d, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
  3. Pope John Paul 2nd State School of Higher Education, Faculty of Economics Sciences, Sidorska 95/97, 21-500 BiałaPodlaska, Poland
  4. Rivne State Humanitarian University, Halytskoho 12/20, 33012 Rivne, Ukraine

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