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Estimation of solar radiation transmission for polycarbonate retractable swimming poolen closures

Zbigniew Zapałowicz Agnieszka Garnysz-Rachtan
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 1 | 129-146 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2021.136951
Keywords Outdoor swimming pool Swimming pool roofing system Pool enclosure Polycarbonate enclosure Solar transmission through enclosure
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Abstract

Application of retractable enclosures enables to lengthen operation periods for outdoor swimming pools operated in the moderate climate zone. Enclosures allow to diminish energy losses from water in the pool to the environment. Thermal calculations for pools with retractable enclosures are difficult to carry out because of a number of required parameters which can only be estimated. One of them is the transmission of solar radiation through the enclosure. The present paper presents the method of estimation of this parameter for swimming pool enclosures made of polycarbonate panels that have multichannels structure. In order to calculate transmission, the methodology considering the multiples of solar reflection inside the enclosure and their absorption by polycarbonate has been elaborated. Calculation results for transmission of the enclosure were verified experimentally. Analysis of results show that the transmission depends strongly on the enclosure’s construction and on the direction of solar radiation on the enclosure. Mean transmission values of enclosure under research were determined both from calculations and experiment are equal to about 0.69 and 0.64, respectively. However, experimentally determined mean values of total transmission by parallel and perpendicular solar directions in relation to channel axes are equal to about 0.69 and 0.60, respectively.
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Bibliography

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[4] Garnysz A., Zapałowicz Z.: Thermal calculations for swimming pool with the roofing system. In: Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Low Temperature and Waste Heat Use in Energy Supply Systems – Theory and Practice. Bremen, 25–26 Oct. 2012, 72–78.
[5] Garnysz A., Zapałowicz Z.: Model of heat and mass transfer in swimming pools with roofing systems. Developments in Mechanical Engineering Vol. 5 (J.T. Cieslinski, J. Szymczak, Eds.), Gdansk University of Technology Publishers, Gdansk 2012, 49–58.
[6] Garnysz A., Zapałowicz Z.: Influence of environmental conditions on selected thermal parameters for the swimming pool with movable enclosure. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej 290, Mechanika, RUTMech XXXI, 86(2014), 2/14, 207– 214 (in Polish).
[7] Garnysz A., Zapałowicz Z.: Comparison of characteristic thermal parameters for a swimming pool with retractable pool enclosures exploited in autumn and spring seasons. In: Proc. XV Int. Conf. on Heat Transfer and Renewable Sources of Energy (A.A. Stachel, D. Mikielewicz, Eds.), Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT, Szczecin 2014, 301–306.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Zapałowicz
1
Agnieszka Garnysz-Rachtan
1
  1. West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, Department of Energy Technologies, Al. Piastów 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland

Ethanol pool fire on a one-meter test tray – validation of CFD results

Robert Cherbański Leszek Rudniak Piotr Machniewski Eugeniusz Molga Jarosław Tępiński Wojciech Klapsa Piotr Lesiak
Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 1 | 23-44 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140809
Keywords pool fire ethanol CFD large-scale SBES
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Abstract

The ethanol fire hazards will become more frequent due to the new established targets for the consumption of renewable energy sources. With this in mind, this paper aims to widen the current knowledge on CFD modelling of such a fire. As previous works rely heavily on the data of small pool fire diameters (below 1 m), this research deals with ethanol pool fire on a one-meter test tray, using our own experimental data. A mathematical model was developed and solved using a commercial CFD package (ANSYS Fluent). A new hybrid RANS-LES (SBES) model was employed to calculate turbulent stresses. Generally, the simulation results showed a good fit with the experimental results for flame temperatures at different elevations. In particular, a minor discrepancy was only observed for the top thermocouple (1.9 m above the tray). The flame heights computed with the CFD model were on average higher than the experimental one. Good agreement was observed for the radiative fraction and the axial temperature profile on the plume centreline. The latter showed an almost perfect fit between the temperature profiles obtained from CFD simulations and those calculated from the plume law for temperature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Cherbański
1
ORCID: ORCID
Leszek Rudniak
1
Piotr Machniewski
1
Eugeniusz Molga
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jarosław Tępiński
2
Wojciech Klapsa
2
Piotr Lesiak
2
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, ul. Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Scientific and Research Centre for Fire Protection of the National Research Institute, ul. Nadwislanska 213, 05-420 Józefów, Poland

Effect of Swirl Angle on Interaction between Swirl Oxygen Lance Jet and Melt Pool

Haoran Ma Guangqiang Liu Chengcheng Xu Kun Liu Peng Han
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 50-57 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149251
Keywords Swirl oxygen Melt pool Swirl angle Gas-liquid interface Dead zone
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Abstract

In order to clarify the action law of the swirl oxygen lance jet on the melt pool of the converter and to determine the optimal swirl angle of the swirl oxygen lance for the 120t converter, this study establishes the gas-liquid two-phase flow model of the oxygen lance with different swirl angles based on the realizable k-ε model and the VOF multiphase flow model. The gas-liquid interface behavior during the interaction between the jet and the molten pool was analyzed, and the flow pattern of molten steel in the molten pool was mainly investigated. The results show that compared with traditional oxygen lance, the rotating oxygen lance jet enhances the stirring of the melt pool and intensifies the fluctuation of the melt pool liquid level. The depth of the impact cavity decreases with the increase of the swirl angle, but the diameter of the impact cavity increases with the increase of the swirl angle. When the jet with a swirl angle of 10 ° impacts the surface of the melt pool, the turbulence energy obtained by the molten steel is the highest, the average flow velocity inside the melt pool is the highest, and the molten steel is stirred more thoroughly, achieving better melting effects.
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Bibliography

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[12] Wang, W., Yuan, Z., & Matsuura, H. (2010). Three-dimensional compressible flow simulation of top-blown multiple jets in converter. ISIJ International. 50(4), 491-500. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.50.491.
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[14] Feng, C., Zhu, R. & Dong, K. (2021). Effects of ambient temperature and powder gas ratio on jet characteristics of O2+ CO2 and CaO particles injected by a swirl-type oxygen lance nozzle. Powder Technology. 388, 537-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.085.
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Authors and Affiliations

Haoran Ma
1
Guangqiang Liu
2
Chengcheng Xu
3
Kun Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Peng Han
1
  1. College of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 3114051, China
  2. College of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
  3. Cold rolling mill plant, ANGANG Steel Company Limited, Anshan 114021, China

Sports House in Lviv in the Second Polish Republic: Design of a Formal and Utilitarian Building in the Form of a Multifunctional Swimming Pool

Wojciech Kocki
Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie | 2023 | vol. LI | 517-538 | DOI: 10.24425/tkuia.2023.148989
Keywords Swimming pool Lviv interwar period Second Polish Republic sports architecture sports house Jerzy Nechay
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Abstract

During the interwar period, period many examples of sports facilities were built in the Second Polish Republic. These groups of facilities had one function designed for practicing a specific sport discipline but also multifunctional facilities were also built. Sports centres played a role not only enabling amateur exercises and improving sports skills but they were also the seats of sports societies, unions, clubs or circles that associated sports enthusiasts and promoted the development of physical fitness through sport. The activity of such groups was necessary due to the political and economic situation of the country at that time. The period of the first half of the interwar period was a time of state reconstruction, uncertainty and challenges for society after the end of the First World War. The reconstruction of the country also concerned the sports infrastructure, in which apart from facilities with a form resulting directly from their function (stands, halls, ski jumps) formal buildings were also built. One of the examples of such facilities is the Sports House in Lviv, designed by Jerzy Nechay. The example of the Sports House in Lviv and its formal location a short distance from the city centre is an example of modern design that combines a form of use with a formal function.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Kocki
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Lublin University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Chair of Contemporary Architecture

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