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Investigations of the extreme temperatures of the ground surface in the Gåshamnöyra region (Spitsbergen)

Andrzej Kamiński
Polish Polar Research | 1985 | vol. 6 | No 3 | 319-329
Keywords Arctic Spitsbergen ground surface temperature
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Abstract

In the summer of 1979, in South Spitsbergen investigations of the extreme temperatures of the ground surface were carried out. The investigations permitted the determination of the magnitude of the extreme temperatures of the ground surface and their relation to the air temperature. The spatial variability of the extreme temperatures of the ground surface was observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kamiński

The effect of training on infrared thermographic images of the forelimb and hindlimb joints of healthy racehorses

M. Soroko W. Górniak M. Godlewska K. Howell
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 1 | 83-92 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.140844
Keywords thermography horses surface temperature exercises limbs
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of training on body surface temperature over the joints in racehorses, measured by infrared thermography. The study involved monitoring of 14 Thoroughbred racehorses in 6 imaging sessions over a period of 3 months. Temperature measurements of the forelimb and hindlimb joints were made before and just after training. Joint temperature of limbs increased significantly after training. Environmental temperature had a statistically significant influence on surface temperature over the joints. The lowest surface temperatures were recorded over the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint and the highest temperatures in the shoulder, elbow, hip and stifle joint. The metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints warmed the least during training, but were influenced the most by differences in environmental temperature. The surface temperature difference before and after training is an important indicator of the thermoregulatory response to exercise in racing horses. Understanding surface temperature changes in response to regular training is necessary for future studies on diagnosing injuries of joints.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Soroko
1
W. Górniak
2
M. Godlewska
1
K. Howell
3
  1. Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
  2. Department of Automotive Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 13, 50-421 Wroclaw, Poland
  3. Microvascular Diagnostics, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK

Spatiotemporal evolution of land surface temperature of Lake Oubeira catchment, northeastern Algeria

Chouaib Rezzag Bara Mohamed Djidel Fethi Medjani Sofiane Labar
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2019 | No 43 | 151-157
Keywords emissivity lake basin land surface temperature (LST) normalized different vegetation index (NDVI) SEBAL water surface temperature (WST)
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Abstract

The difficulties of access and detailed measurements of land surface temperature (LST) and water surface temperature (WST) especially in wetlands made the use of remote sensing data as one of the sources and techniques to estimate many climate elements including surface temperature and surface emissivity (ɛ). This study aims to estimate the surface tempera-ture of the wetland of Lake Oubeira located in northeastern Algeria and their spatiotemporal evolution in both land and wa-ter. Landsat OLI-TIRS images in two dates (April and September 2016) obtained from the USGS have been used in this work, and forms the basis of a series of operations to obtain the final LST: development of the normalized difference vegeta-tion index (NDVI), conversion of the digital number (DN) of the thermal infrared band (TIR) into spectral radiance as well as the calculation of the effective luminosity temperature of the sensor from the spectral radiation and surface emissivity (ɛ). The results show that the LST varies in space and time (from 16 to 31°C in April and from 24 to 41°C in September). This implies that the absorption of the equilibrium temperature at land cover depends on the optical properties of the sur-face, which are essentially determined by its water content, colour and morphology. At the same time, the water surface is the lowest land cover temperature, which also has a spatial variation (from 19 to 25°C in April and from 26 to 34.5°C in September) induced by atmospheric temperature, wind direction and speed and the depth of the lake.

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Authors and Affiliations

Chouaib Rezzag Bara
Mohamed Djidel
Fethi Medjani
Sofiane Labar

Application of eroding thermocouples in experimental determination of unsteady heat flux inside a compressor cylinder

Stanisław Jędrzejowski
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2002 | vol. 49 | No 4 | 355-365
Keywords heal transfer compressor cylinder eroding thermocouple surface temperature
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Abstract

The knowledge of heat transfer processes inside a compressor cylinder is very important from the technical point of view. An adiabatic model of compression can be assumed in theoretical investigations. In practice, the compressor cylinder is always coo_led to decrease the compression work and to reduce the final temperature of a medium being compressed. This paper presents applications of the NANMAC eroding thermocouples to record temperature time histories of surfaces taking a part in the heat exchange during the compression cycle. The thermocouple construction and junction technology ensure a very small thermal inertia. The response time is of the order of I O μs. The eroding thermocouple was used to measure an instantaneous surface temperature of a plate closing the cylinder and the piston head temperature. Because of very low value of the thermoelectric signal, an amplifier of a very high gain and reasonable bandwidth was required. This induced noise of significant amplitude. The recorded experimental data were numerically processed in order to exclude the noise of measurement circuits, and then the data were used to calculate local heat flux rates. To ensure repeatability of the measurements, the experiments were canied out in a specially prepared set-up allowing single compression cycles to be performed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Jędrzejowski

Climatic change on King George Island in the years 1948–2011

Marek Kejna Andrzej Araźny Ireneusz Sobota
Polish Polar Research | 2013 | No 2 | 213-235 | DOI: 10.2478/popore−2013−0004
Keywords Antarctic South Shetland Islands climate air temperature air pressure pre−cipitation sea surface temperature sea−ice
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Abstract

The climatic change on King George Island (KGI) in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, in the years of 1948–2011 are presented. In the reference period, a statistically significant increase in the air temperature (0.19 ° C/10 years, 1.2 ° C in the analysed period) occurred along with a decrease in atmospheric pressure (−0.36 hPa/10 years, 2.3 hPa). In winter time, the warming up is more than twice as large as in summer. This leads to decrease in the amplitude of the annual cycle of air temperature. On KGI, there is also a warming trend of daily maximum and daily minimum air temperature. The evidently faster increase in daily minimum results in a decrease of the diurnal temperature range. The largest changes of air pressure took place in the summertime (−0.58 hPa/10 years) and winter (−0.34 hPa/10 years). The Semiannual Oscillation pattern of air pressure was disturbed. Climate changes on KGI are correlated with changing surface temperatures of the ocean and the concentration of sea ice. The precipitation on KGI is characterised by substantial variability year to year. In the analysed period, no statistically significant trend in atmospheric precipitation can be observed. The climate change on KGI results in substantial and rapid changes in the environment, which poses a great threat to the local ecosystem.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kejna
Andrzej Araźny
Ireneusz Sobota

The heat-transfer system modelling of the convective heating surfaces of a TP-92 steam boiler

Taras Kravets Igor Galyanchuk Oksana Yurasova Andrii Kapustianskyi Kateryna Romanova
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 5-20
Keywords mathematical model flue gases coolant temperature heat-transfer system surface temperature regime
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Abstract

The relevance of the subject of research is determined by the need to develop and subsequently implement a mathematical model and the corresponding structural scheme of the convective heating surfaces of the TP-92 steam boiler. The purpose of this research work is to directly model the heat- -transfer system of the convective heating surfaces of this boiler, designed for effective use in real conditions. The basis of the methodological approach in the research work is a combination of methods of the system analysis of the key principles of constructing mathematical models of heat-transfer systems of modern steam boilers with an experimental study of the prospects for creating a mathematical model of a heat-transfer system of the convective heating surfaces of a TP-92 steam boiler. In the course of the study, the results were obtained and presented in the form of a mathematical model of a convective heat-transfer system. It allows for making effective mathematical calculations of the main operating modes of the TP-92 steam boiler and calculating the dependences of the temperature and thermal modes of its operation on the change of incoming parameters of the used heat carriers, changes in the heating surface area and the relative flow rate of the heat carriers over the time of their use. The results obtained in the study, including the conclusions formulated on their basis, are of significant practical importance for the designers of steam boilers. The results also are useful for maintenance personnel, whose immediate responsibilities include determining the real possibilities of improving the convective heat-transfer system, based on the known parameters of the temperature of the coolant at the entrance to the system and at the exit from it.
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Authors and Affiliations

Taras Kravets
1
ORCID: ORCID
Igor Galyanchuk
1
Oksana Yurasova
1
Andrii Kapustianskyi
2
Kateryna Romanova
3
  1. Department of Heat Engineering and Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
  2. Thermal Mechanical Department, JSC “Tekhenergo”, Ukraine
  3. Department of Heat Engineering, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"

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