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Determination of Vertical Displacements in Relative Monitoring Networks

D. Filipiak-Kowszyk W. Kamiński
Archives of Civil Engineering | Vol. 66 | No 1 | 309-326 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.131790
Keywords vertical displacements unstable reference system a lack of reference points
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Abstract

The problem of determining displacements of objects is an important and current issue, in particular in terms of operational safety. This is a requirement that covers geodetic, periodic control measurements in order to determine horizontal and vertical displacements. The paper is focused on the analysis of vertical displacements. Geodetic measurements and their interpretation allow to reduce the risk of possible structural catastrophes. The major research topic of the majority of available papers is displacement determination of individual controlled points, in a situation where there are identified as fixed reference points. There are cases making identification of such points difficult or impossible to use in displacement analysis. This paper addresses a rare case of determining vertical displacements in unstable reference systems. Due to the fact that most of the existing and known literature methods do not always bring satisfactory results, the paper propose a new method of vertical displacement determination in the absence of reference points in the local coordinate system. Practical considerations on simulated data show that the presented method performs the task correctly.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Filipiak-Kowszyk
W. Kamiński

On the estimation of physical height changes using GRACE satellite mission data – A case study of Central Europe

Małgorzata Szelachowska Jan Krynski Walyeldeen Godah
Geodesy and Cartography | 2017 | vol. 66 | No 2 | DOI: 10.1515/geocart-2017-0013
Keywords GRACE height anomaly variations vertical displacements physical height changes
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Abstract

The dedicated gravity satellite missions, in particular the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mission launched in 2002, provide unique data for studying temporal variations of mass distribution in the Earth’s system, and thereby, the geometry and the gravity field changes of the Earth. The main objective of this contribution is to estimate physical height (e.g. the orthometric/normal height) changes over Central Europe using GRACE satellite mission data as well as to analyse them and model over the selected study area. Physical height changes were estimated from temporal variations of height anomalies and vertical displacements of the Earth surface being determined over the investigated area. The release 5 (RL05) GRACE-based global geopotential models as well as load Love numbers from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) were used as input data. Analysis of the estimated physical height changes and their modelling were performed using two methods: the seasonal decomposition method and the PCA/ EOF (Principal Component Analysis/Empirical Orthogonal Function) method and the differences obtained were discussed. The main findings reveal that physical height changes over the selected study area reach up to 22.8 mm. The obtained physical height changes can be modelled with an accuracy of 1.4 mm using the seasonal decomposition method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Szelachowska
Jan Krynski
Walyeldeen Godah

Analysis of principal components used for modelling changes in glacitectonically disturbed areas

Maria Mrówczyńska
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2018 | No 39
Keywords geodesic monitoring glacitectonically disturbed areas PCA transformation vertical displacements
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Mrówczyńska

Determination of vertical displacements by using the hydrostatic levelling systems with the variable location of the reference sensor

Waldemar Kamiński
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 189-206 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140163
Keywords vertical displacement hydrostatic levelling systems reference sensor controlled sensors
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Abstract

In this paper, the author proposed a new method for determination of vertical displacements with the use of hydrostatic levelling systems. The traditional method of hydrostatic levelling uses a rule in which a position of reference sensor is stable. This assumption was not adapted in the proposed method. Regarding the issue mentioned above, the reference sensor is treated in the same way as the others sensors that measure the liquid level. As a consequence of this approach there is a possibility of vertical displacement determination of both the reference sensor as well as the remaining controlled sensors. A theoretical considerations were supplemented with the practical examples. The possibility of calculating the vertical displacement of reference sensor is an undoubted advantage of the submitted proposal. This information enables more detailed interpretation of the vertical displacements results obtained from hydrostatic levelling systems. Thus, wider knowledge about maintenance of the entire examined object treated as the rigid body is obtained. The tests that were carried out confirm the theoretical assumptions and encourage to perform further, more precise empirical analyses.
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Bibliography

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[3] D. Filipiak–Kowszyk, W. Kaminski, “Determination of vertical displacements in relative monitoring networks”, Archives of Civil Engineering, 2020, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 309–326, DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.131790.
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Authors and Affiliations

Waldemar Kamiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland

Problem of partitioned bases in monitoring vertical displacements for elongated structures

Witold Prószyński
Geodesy and Cartography | 2010 | vol. 59 | No 2 | DOI: 10.2478/v10277-012-0001-1
Keywords vertical displacements control networks partitioned bases elastic datum fixed datum base separation indices
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Abstract

In monitoring vertical displacements in elongated structures (e.g. bridges, dams) by means of precise geometric levelling a reference base usually consists of two subgroups located on both ends of a monitored structure. The bigger the separation of the subgroups, the greater is the magnitude of undetectable displacement of one subgroup with respect to the other. With a focus on a method of observation differences the question arises which of the two basic types of computation datum, i.e. the elastic and the fixed, both applicable in this method, is more suitable in such a specific base configuration. To support the analysis of this problem, general relationships between displacements computed in elastic datum and in fixed datum are provided. They are followed by auxiliary relationships derived on the basis of transformation formulae for different computational bases in elastic datum. Furthermore, indices of base separation are proposed which can be helpful in the design of monitoring networks. A test network with simulated mutual displacements of the base subgroups, is used to investigate behaviour of the network with the fixed and the elastic datum being applied. Also, practical guidelines are given concerning data processing procedures for such specific monitoring networks. For big separation of base subgroups a non-routine procedure is recommended, aimed at facilitating specialist interpretation of monitoring results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Witold Prószyński

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