A review of night vision metrology is presented in this paper. A set of reasons that create a rather chaotic metrologic situation on night vision market is presented. It is shown that there has been made a little progress in night vision metrology during last decades in spite of a big progress in night vision technology at the same period of time. It is concluded that such a big discrep- ancy between metrology development level and technology development can be an obstacle in the further development of night vision technology.

The paper presents the possibilities of teaching a robot controller to perform operations of autonomous segregation of objects differing in features that can be identified using a vision system.Objects can be arranged freely on the robot scene also covered with others. In the learning phase, a robot operator presents the segregation method by moving subsequent objects held in a human hand, e.g. a red object to container A, a green object to container B, etc. The robot system, after recognizing the idea of segregation that is being done using the vision system, continues this work in an autonomous way, until all identified objects will be removed from robotic scene. There are no restrictions on the dimensions, shapes and placement of containers collecting segregated objects. The developed algorithms were verified on a test bench equipped with two modern robots KUKA LBR iiwa 14 R820.

In this paper a survey of analog application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for low-level image processing, called vision chips, is presented. Due to the specific requirements, the vision chips are designed using different architectures best suited to their functions. The main types of the vision chip architectures and their properties are presented and characterized on selected examples of prototype integrated circuits (ICs) fabricated in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. While discussing the vision chip realizations the importance of low-cost, low-power solutions is highlighted, which are increasingly being used in intelligent consumer equipment. Thanks to the great development of the automated design environments and fabrication methods, new, so far unknown applications of the vision chips become possible, as for example disposable endoscopy capsules for photographing the human gastrointestinal tract for the purposes of medical diagnosis.

The article presents measurement results of prototype integrated circuits for acquisition and processing of images in real time. In order to verify a new concept of circuit solutions of analogue image processors, experimental integrated circuits were fabricated. The integrated circuits, designed in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology, contain the image sensor and analogue processors that perform low-level convolution-based image processing algorithms. The prototype with a resolution of 32 × 32 pixels allows the acquisition and processing of images at high speed, up to 2000 frames/s. Operation of the prototypes was verified in practice using the developed software and a measurement system based on a FPGA platform.

In this paper, we present an optimization mechanism for two popular landmark-based mobile robot visual homing algorithms (ALV and HiSS), called vector pre-assigned mechanism (VPM). VPM contains two branches, both of which can promote the homing performance effectively. In addition, to make the landmark distribution satisfy the equal distance assumption, a landmark optimization strategy is proposed based on imaging principle of the panoramic vision. Experiments on both panoramic image database and a real mobile robot have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Due to the wide range of various sheet metal grades and the need to verify the material properties, there are numerous methods to determine the material formability. One of them, that allows quick determination of sheet metal formability, is the Erichsen cupping test described in the ISO 20482: 2003 standard. In the presented work, the results of formability assessment for DC04 deep drawing sheet metal were obtained by means of the traditionally carried out Erichsen cupping test and compared with the results obtained by using two advanced methods based on vision analysis. Application of these methods allows extending the traditional scope of analysis during Erichsen cupping test by determination of the necking and strain localization before fracture. The proposed methods were compared in order to dedicate appropriate solution for the industrial application and laboratory tests respectively, where the simplicity and reliability are the mean aspects need to be considered when applied to the Erichsen cupping test.

This paper presents a 3D distance measurement accuracy improvement for stereo vision systems using optimization methods A Stereo Vision system is developed and tested to identify common uncertainty sources. As the optimization methods are used to train a neural network, the resulting equation can be implemented in real time stereo vision systems. Computational experiments and a comparative analysis are conducted to identify a training function with a minimal error performance for such method. The offered method provides a general purpose modelling technique, attending diverse problems that affect stereo vision systems. Finally, the proposed method is applied in the developed stereo vision system and a statistical analysis is performed to validate the obtained improvements.

This paper presents a detailed review on a present confused situation related to defining and measurement of the eyepiece diopter range of optical/electro-optical devices to be used for a direct observation by human observers. On the basis of this review three precise definitions of a direct view imagers eyepiece diopter are presented. One of these definitions is determined as optimal fit to describe the perception of human observers. Further on, design and measurement uncertainties of diopter meters are discussed and rules of accurate measurements are formulated. Finally, recommendations for the maximum acceptable errors of the diopter scale of eyepieces of classic types of direct view imagers are presented, as well.

Considering the low efficiency during the process of traditional calibration for digital-display vibrometers, an automatic calibration system for vibrometers based on machine vision is developed. First, an automatic vibration control system is established on the basis of a personal computer, and the output of a vibration exciter on which a digital-display vibrometer to be calibrated is installed, is automatically adjusted to vibrate at a preset vibration level and a preset frequency. Then the display of the vibrometer is captured by a digital camera and identified by means of image recognition. According to the vibration level of the exciter measured by a laser interferometer and the recognized display of the vibrometer, the properties of the vibrometer are calculated and output by the computer. Image recognition algorithms for the display of the vibrometer with a high recognition rate are presented, and the recognition for vibrating digits and alternating digits is especially analyzed in detail. Experimental results on the built-up system show that the prposed image recognition methods are very effective and the system could liberate operators from boring and intense calibration work for digital-display vibrometers

The three-dimensional (3D) coordinate measurement of radio frequency identification (RFID) multi-tag

networks is one of the important issues in the field of RFID, which affects the reading performance of

RFID multi-tag networks. In this paper, a novel method for 3D coordinate measurement of RFID multitag

networks is proposed. A dual-CCD system (vertical and horizontal cameras) is used to obtain images of

RFID multi-tag networks from different angles. The iterative threshold segmentation and the morphological

filtering method are used to process the images. The template matching method is respectively used to

determine the two-dimensional (2D) coordinate and the vertical coordinate of each tag. After that, the

3D coordinate of each tag is obtained. Finally, a back-propagation (BP) neural network is used to model

the nonlinear relationship between the RFID multi-tag network and the corresponding reading distance.

The BP neural network can predict the reading distances of unknown tag groups and find out the optimal

distribution structure of the tag groups corresponding to the maximum reading distance. In the future work,

the corresponding in-depth research on the neural network to adjust the distribution of tags will be done.

The use of virtual reality (VR) has been exponentially increasing and due to that many researchers have started to work on developing new VR based social media. For this purpose it is important to have an avatar of the user which look like them to be easily generated by the devices which are accessible, such as mobile phones. In this paper, we propose a novel method of recreating a 3D human face model captured with a phone camera image or video data. The method focuses more on model shape than texture in order to make the face recognizable. We detect 68 facial feature points and use them to separate a face into four regions. For each area the best fitting models are found and are further morphed combined to find the best fitting models for each area. These are then combined and further morphed in order to restore the original facial proportions. We also present a method of texturing the resulting model, where the aforementioned feature points are used to generate a texture for the resulting model.

The aim of this study is to refl ect on two notions that are often used in contemporary research, relevant to cultural linguistics: linguistic vision of the world and linguistic image of the world. We start with expressing our conviction that it is not a question of two synonymic concepts nor do we believe that they are opposite notions. In our opinion, they are two ideas that refl ect the relationship between the language and culture of a speech community but at different levels and from a different perspective. In this study we will examine the research works that, in recent years, have used both notions in order to expose their advantages. In the fi rst part of our work we will discuss the background of the discipline and then provide the defi nitions of both notions and their uses most signifi cant uses. We will draw on the studies of researchers who study Slavic languages, Spanish and English.