Nauki Biologiczne i Rolnicze

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica

Zawartość

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica | 2022 | Vol. 64 | No 2

Abstrakt

Salt stress is one of the main factors disturbing the physiology of organisms, including epigeic lichens inhabiting roadsides, due to de-icing salts used in winter seasons. The aim of the research was to study the effect of acute salt stress in various doses on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of chlorolichens, i.e., Cladonia furcata, C. mitis, Diposchistes muscorum, and cyanolichens, i.e., Peltigera didactyla, and P. rufescens, which naturally grow inland in the vicinity of roads. We also aimed to study changes in the photosynthetic efficiency of lichens over time and their responses to rainfall simulations in the days following exposure to salt stress to test whether liquid water supply improves photosynthetic efficiency. Salt stress led to a reduction of it in cyanolichens in most experimental groups, while in chlorolichens only treatment with 2.9-3.9M NaCl solutions significantly decreased FV/FM. Exposure to acute salt stress significantly affected fluorescence transient curves in all studied species. With respect to chlorolichens, a marked decrease of FM was observed and the flattened shape of the transient curves after treatment with the highest salt doses was the most apparent. Significantly greater disturbances were observed in cyanolichens in which the induction curve lost its sigmoid characteristics after treatment with solutions with a concentration greater than 0.35M. Furthermore, in all lichen species, increased values of ABS/RC and DI 0/RC and decreases in PI ABS, ET 0/RC and TR0/RC as well as quantum yields and efficiencies were observed. Simulated rainfall resulted in a significant increase in the photosynthetic efficiency of chlorolichens to a level corresponding to healthy lichens almost throughout the duration of the whole experiment. On the contrary, in the case of cyanolichens, significant increases in FV/FM after water treatment were found only after exposure to low salt doses and, at the latest, 24 h after the stress. Although many cyanobacteria developed adaptations to survive in highly saline environments, cyanobionts present in inland lichen species seem to be highly susceptible to salt stress. We concluded that the time when rainfall occurs after exposure to salt stress is a crucial factor affecting the potential regeneration of PSII efficiency. Regeneration after rainfall is an important aspect for epigeic lichens occurring near roadsides, where, during the winter season, they are exposed to de-icing salt for a long time, and rainfall may partially compensate for their disturbances and increase their photosynthetic efficiency, enhancing the possibility of survival.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Karolina Chowaniec
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Styburski
1
Kaja Rola
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland

Abstrakt

Assessment of photosynthetic activity is one of the quick and simple methods of verification whether the studied environmental factors have a stressful effect on photosynthetically active organisms. High-intensity light can be a stress factor that could have a potential impact on the maximum productivity of photosystem II. The purpose of the conducted research was to observe changes in photosynthetic activity of the lichen Cladonia mitis and the bryophyte Pleurozium schreberi exposed to artificial high-energy lighting under laboratory culture conditions. The obtained results showed variability of photosynthetic activity over time, depending on the amount of light energy supplied. C. mitis and P. schreberi at full exposure (light energy: 52.03 W m -2 and photosynthetically active radiation 167.24 μmol m -2) showed a slow downward trend in photosynthetic activity, while at half the light intensity periodic fluctuations were observed without changes in the controls. Long-term and high-light intensity exposure of photosynthetically active organisms may cause gradual degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus, which in turn leads to cell death. Low values of photosynthetic activity may indicate a situation in which, due to excess light, the rate of photosystem II damage exceeds the rate of its repair. This leads to irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Patrycja Dziurowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Patrycja Fałowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Waszkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paulina Wietrzyk-Pełka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał H. Węgrzyn
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Laboratory of Polar Research, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland

Abstrakt

Since silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used as nanofungicides and nanopesticides in agriculture, the toxicity of AgNPs as well as AgNO3 must be determined. Besides this, we evaluated the combined effects of salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) on responses of Phlomis tuberosa plants to Ag-induced stress. The results of growth parameters together with measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that exposure to 1000 mg L–1 of AgNPs or AgNO3 exerted more toxicity, which was closely associated with the over– accumulation of ROS and the reduction of photochemical functioning. However, SNP (NO) and SA addition successfully alleviated adverse impact of AgNPs on Phlomis seedlings. Maximum amelioration of Ag-induced stress was found by combined treatments of SA+NO. Phlomis plants primed with SA+NO exhibited higher synthesis of chlorophyll b and carotenoid pigments to ameliorate AgNP-induced adverse effects on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. SA+NO led to high levels of proline under both AgNPs and AgNO3 treatments. A further increase in antioxidants (phenolic compounds) was observed in NO-primed plants under AgNPs- induced stress, which was attendant with the high level of CAT and APX activities. Increase in total Ag translocation into shoot organs and cell survival were also enhanced by SA+NO under AgNPs stress. We concluded that SA+NO mitigated the inhibitory effects of AgNPs stress on the photosynthetic apparatus by increasing the phenolic compounds and carotenoids as well as by regulating accumulation of Ag, ROS and antioxidants. The present findings provide important knowledge to design strategies that minimize the negative impact of AgNPs and AgNO3 on crops.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Elham Ghasemifar
1
Ghader Habibi
1
Golamreza Bakhshi-Khaniki
1

  1. Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran

Abstrakt

The study was carried out to investigate the interactive effects of exogenous melatonin and excess amounts of zinc and copper on the growth and physiological parameters, antioxidant defense system and nutritional balance of cannabis seedlings. Cannabis sativa L. plants, grown under a completely randomized design, were irrigated with complete Hoagland’s nutrient solution. CuSO 4 (0, 50 and 150 µM) and ZnSO 4 (0, 50 and 100 µM) and their combinations were supplied to 21-day-old seedlings for 2 weeks. During the second week, melatonin was added to the nutrient solution at 100 μM. Zn and Cu stress led to reduced growth and physiological parameters, it promoted oxidative stress, changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and imbalance of mineral nutrients in cannabis seedlings. However, melatonin alleviated the growth retardation and physiological disorders of seedlings under normal conditions and heavy metal stress. The content of reduced glutathione and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase were improved by melatonin. Excess amounts of zinc and copper changed the pattern of nutritional elements distribution in cannabis seedlings. Cu and Zn caused reduced content of Fe, Ca and K ions in shoots and roots. Melatonin treatment was able to adjust the nutrients content in metal-stressed seedlings up to the level of the control. Exogenous melatonin reduced toxic levels of Cu and Zn in seedlings overloaded with copper and zinc. MT also raised K, Ca and Fe concentrations in roots and shoots of seedlings under stress. Our results support the idea that melatonin acts as a powerful antioxidant, it can also be considered as a potent regulator of ion homeostasis in cannabis seedlings under heavy metal toxicity. Further studies still need to investigate the alleviatory effects of melatonin under field conditions.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hakimeh Oloumi
1
Ali Zamani
1
Hossein Mozaffari
1
Seyyed Mohammad Javad Arvin
2
Hassan Salari
1

  1. Department of Ecology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
  2. Plant Products Division, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran

Abstrakt

The investigation described herein discusses the morpho-anatomical characteristics of xylem parenchyma cells of European ash stems undergoing heartwood formation. The research material comprised of cross and radial sections of wood obtained from stems at breast height of 91-year-old ash trees, half of which had visible ash dieback symptoms. The radial section of the wood samples was stained with acetocarmine to detect nuclei and with I2KI solution to observe starch grains in parenchyma cells, both of radial and axial systems. Additionally, microscopic slides were stained with Alcianblue Safranin-O, and fluorescence microscopy was applied to detect lignified cell walls. The color of sapwood and heartwood distinctly differed – heartwood extracts were detected in approx. 47 rings. Most of the parenchyma cells had nuclei present in both wood zones. Also starch grains were detected in the majority of the tree rings of the researched samples. All of the xylem parenchyma cell walls of axial and radial systems were lignified. The research revealed that lignification, parenchyma cells death and the release of heartwood extracts are processes remote in time and space. Furthermore, parenchyma cell walls lignification did not figure as a sign of the upcoming parenchyma cells death. Based on the current research, ash dieback disease might slightly impact the development paths of parenchyma cells. Compared with scores reported for other trees, European ash parenchyma cells longevity is indeed remarkable.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Bieniasz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mirela Tulik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

Instrukcja dla autorów

ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica is an English-language journal founded in 1958, devoted to plant anatomy and morphology, cytology, genetics, embryology, tissue culture, physiology, biochemistry, biosystematics, molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography, as well as phytochemistry. It is published twice a year.

1. ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica publishes original papers embodying the results of experimental or theoretical research, invited reviews, and brief communications. Manuscripts will be considered only on the understanding that they have not been published and are not being considered for publication elsewhere, that all authors agree on the content of the manuscript, and that laws on nature protection were not violated during the study.
Authors have to indicate their specific contributions to the published work in Authors’ Contributions and the sources of financial support of their research in Acknowledgements. They should clearly describe the following in their cover letter: (1) the aims and hypothesis of the paper; (2) the novelty of the paper − new achievements or innovations contained in the paper; and (3) the general significance of their paper.
Articles should be written in English (American spelling). Authors whose native language is not English are strongly advised to have their manuscripts checked by a professional translator or a native speaker prior to submission. Manuscripts should be written concisely. Purely descriptive studies, karyological notes on plants outside of central Europe, papers on economic botany as well as manuscripts of restricted interest generally are not considered for publication. In vitro studies which only describe protocols for plant regeneration without providing relevant biological information will not be considered for publication. A manuscript in the field of plant cell culture, physiology, biochemistry and phytochemistry must contain new insights that lead to a better understanding of some aspect of fundamental plant biology. They should be of interest to a wide audience and/or the methods employed should contribute to the advancement of established techniques and approaches.
Authors are charged a fee for publication of their articles. The bill for publication will be sent with the galley proof. The fee, which is calculated after all articles are accepted, will not exceed 20 USD per printed page for foreign authors and 70 PLZ per printed page for Polish authors. For the standard fee, color illustrations will appear only in the online version of the Journal. At authors’ request and for an extra fee, color illustrations may also appear in the printed version. While sending the manuscript, in the letter to the Editor, the authors should declare their contribution towards the extra costs and enumerate the illustrations which are to be printed in color.

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Editor: Prof. Dr. ANDRZEJ JOACHIMIAK
Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology
Jagiellonian University
ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
e-mail:a.joachimiak@uj.edu.pl

Manuscripts will be examined by at least two anonymous and independent refereeswho have declared that they have no conflict of interest with the author(s). Invitedreferees evaluate the manuscript according to the following criteria: (1) formalaspects, (2) originality, (3) importance in its field, (4) theoretical background, (5)adequacy of methodology, (6) results and interpretation, and (7) overall quality.

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Examples of style for references:
a) citations of journal papers:

PALMER TP. 1962. Population structure, breeding system, interspecific hybridization and alloploidy. Heredity 17: 278-283.
CHEN BY, HENEEN WK, SIMONSEN V. 1989. Comparative and genetic studies of isozymes in resynthesized and cultivated Brassica napus L., Brassica campestris L., and B. alboglabra Baitey. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 77: 673-679.
b) citations of books, congress proceedings, theses:
BERGRREN DJ. 1981. Atlas of Seeds, part 3. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm.
BING D, DOWNEY RK, RAKOW GFW. 1991. Potential of gene transfer among oilseed Brassica and their weedy relatives. Proceedings of the GCTRC Eighth International Rapeseed Congress, 9-11 July 1991, 1022-1027. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
ROMEO JT. 1973. A chemotaxonomic study of the genus Erythrina (Leguminosae). Ph.D. disseration, University of Texas, Austin, TX.
c) citations of articles and chapters from books:
PHILLIPS RL. 1981. Pollen and pollen tubes. In: Clark G [ed.], Staining Procedures, 61-366. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
Authors’ names in References should be written in small caps.

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